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| | Situationist International Online |
 | | All the councils that have existed until now, with the exception of the agrarian collectives of Aragon, saw themselves as simply “democratically elected councils,” even when the highest moments of their practice, when all decisions were made by sovereign general assemblies mandating revocable delegates, contradicted this limitation. | | | In 1956 the Central Workers Council of Greater Budapest, constituted on November 14 and declaring itself determined to defend socialism, demanded “the withdrawal of all political parties from the factories” while at the same time pronouncing itself in favor of Nagy’s return to power and free elections within a short time. | | | There is a risk that such an ideology, more or less consistently formulated, will be borne by revolutionary organizations that are in principle in favor of the power of the councils. |
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http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/councils.html
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| | Towards the Establishment of Workers' Councils in Italy by Amadeo Bordiga 1920 |
| | In central Europe at the moment, workers' councils co-exist with the bourgeois-democratic State, which is all the more anti-revolutionary in that it is republican and social-democratic. | | | One is the idea that delegates to the Soviets are elected by factory councils and committees (executive commissions of the councils of workshop delegates), whereas in fact, as we make no apology for repeating, the delegates are elected directly by the mass of electors. | | | However, it is not a matter of great revolutionary moment to decide whether non-union members should participate or no in the elections for delegates. |
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http://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1920/workers-councils.htm
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| | Soviet Union |
| | The Council of Ministers acted as the executive body of the government. | | | The chairman of the Council of Ministers, whose selection was approved by the legislative branch, functioned as head of government. | | | A constitutionally based judicial branch of government included a court system, headed by the Supreme Court, that was responsible for overseeing the observance of Soviet law by government bodies. |
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http://soviet-union.ask.dyndns.dk
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| | Retirees - UAW Constitution |
| | (c) Each delegate to the International Retired Workers Advisory Council shall be elected by the members of the delegate's Region or Area Retired Workers Council pursuant to the election procedures established by the bylaws of the Regional or Area Retired Workers Council. | | | If such a Council is constituted as a membership body, all retired members within its jurisdiction may join the Council. | | | Each appointed member of the International Retired Workers Advisory Council may attend UAW Constitutional Conventions as a guest. |
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http://www.uaw.org/constitution/article55.cfm
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| | THE WORKERS' COUNCILS |
| | Lastly, nowhere it is not question of antagonism between the councils and the State rising from the revolution. | | | A Communist Party acting in the councils' movement had another finality, very different from that assigned by the Bolshevik and social democrat parties. | | | Let us not forget that the transformation of the councils as of March 1918 into organs of production for the State was linked to the suppression of any democracy in the elections of the delegates. |
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http://www.left-dis.nl/uk/gchweng.htm
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| | A Brief History Of Popular Assemblies |
| | Mandated delegates simply implement the decisions of their assemblies, where decision making power stays, unlike representatives who can implement any decision they want. | | | Russian Revolution, 1917-21 In February 1917 a spontaneous rebellion overthrew the Tsar and created a Republican government. | | | In the period following this class struggle in Portugal intensified. |
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http://question-everything.mahost.org/History/Assemblies.html
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| | Wikinfo Classical definition of republic |
| | It restricted the power of the Doge, created a senate to represent the aristocratic families and a greater Council, upper middle class, which was their democratic body. | | | After the death of Tatius, Romulus continued these policies and joined the eminent men of the state in a council which was given the name Senatus (Senate) derived from senix (old men) following the same principles and practices of the Lacedæmonians who named their upper assembly, the gerousia {old men}). | | | In between these two bodies, he placed the ancient body, the Council of the Aeropagus to have the "duty of guarding the laws" and creating a balance between the Archons and that of the assemblies. |
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http://www.wikinfo.org/wiki.php?title=Classical_definition_of_republic
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| | Workers' council - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | These bodies usually operate on the principle of recallable delegates; that is, elected delegates may be recalled at any time through a vote in a form of impeachment. | | | A workers' council is a council, or deliberative body, composed of working class or proletarian members. | | | This page was last modified 00:36, 8 March 2006. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers'_councils
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| | Glossary of People: Ko |
| | Lukacs and Korsch were denounced as “professors" at the Fifth Congress of the Comintern, the Congress at which Stalin consolidated his power in the USSR. | | | The peasantry and workers of Omsk revolted on Dec. 21, 1918, outraged by the brutality of Kolchak and his overthrow of the directory. | | | All political factions who opposed Kolchak's dictatorship were imprisoned, including the right-wing of the Socialist revolutionary party, who at one time had been a part of the directory. |
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http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/k/o.htm
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| | How will workers run society? |
| | During the 1917 Russian Revolution, women’s demands included not only equal pay, but the right to abortion and divorce. | | | As in 1905, the heart of the revolt was the workers’ councils. | | | The employers are as powerless as the managerial staff. |
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http://www.socialistworker.org/2002-2/421/421_08_WorkersCouncils.shtml
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| | May 1968 Documents |
| | This situation — which cannot last but must either extend itself or disappear (through repression or defeatist negotiations) — is sweeping aside all the old ideas and confirming all the radical hypotheses on the return of the revolutionary proletarian movement. | | | This was thus a prefiguration of a council, a council in which even the students broke out of their miserable studenthood and ceased being students. | | | Such a process would lead to the formation of workers councils making decisions democratically at the rank-and-file level, federating with each other by means of delegates revocable at any moment, and becoming the sole deliberative and executive power over the entire country. |
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http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/May68docs.htm
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| | Workers' Councils in Portugal |
| | Drawing upon extensive research she did while in Portugal from 1977 to 1980, Nancy Gina Bermeo (then Assistant and now Full Professor of Politics at Princeton University) wrote The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal, which was published by Princeton University Press in 1986. | | | You don't need legal defense in an area in which the only courts are those established by your own collective. | | | Troubled by the private sector, and troubled by forces associated with the state, the structures of workers' control are likely to accept assistance from any friendly sources, and political parties are a likely source indeed. |
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http://www.notbored.org/portugal.html
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| | Chapter 2 - Production |
| | That all this is possible, within some acceptable range of error and degree of dissent ought to be obvious. | | | Smaller councils are organized for divisions, units, and work teams as circumstances dictate. | | | The first point is simply that meetings of workers' councils where each worker has one vote would be the final arbiter just as stockholders' meetings where each owner votes as many times as shares she or he owns are the final arbiter in privately owned enterprises. |
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http://www.zmag.org/books/2.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | The North American representative of the Federation of Workers Councils and Unions of Iraq (FWCUI), Aljawhry is carrying on a heritage of labor organizing in a country whose rulers—usually Britain, the United States, or dictatorships backed by them—have imprisoned or executed union leaders. | | | Statement of the Federation of Workers’ Councils and | | | Leadership of FWCUI meets the presidents of Workers’ Unions in Kirkuk and Tikrit |
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http://www.uuiraq.org
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| | ParEcon Tomorrows Economy |
| | Each ward council would belong to a city consumption council (or perhaps a borough and then a city council), and each city and county council would belong to a state council, and each state council would belong to the national council (or maybe to a regional and then to the national council). | | | This nested federation of democratic councils would organize consumption, just as the nested federation of democratic workers’ councils organizes production. | | | Each neighborhood council would belong in turn to a federation of neighborhood councils the size of a city ward or a rural county. |
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http://www.zmag.org/books/pareconv/Chapter5.htm
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| | Book Review: Workers Councils (Pannekoek) NEFAC |
| | Pannekoek was the main theoretician of the council movement, which for decades was all but forgotten. | | | All decisions would be made through direct-democracy, and delegates would be selected from among the workers and immediately recallable. | | | The council movement rejected Bolshevik orders to accept Lenin's rule. |
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http://www.nefac.net/node/1256
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| | Ultra Left Council Communism |
| | Workers' Councils, Cornelius Castoriadis and the SI (#26, 1996) | | | Three pamphlets on the German Revolution 1918-23 and its aftermath: The Origins of the Movement for Workers Councils in Germany; The Wilhelmshaven Revolt, a chapter of the revolutionary movement in the German Navy, 1918-1919; An Introduction to 'Left Communism' in Germany from 1914 to 1923. | | | An interview with Harry Cleaver On Autonomist Marxism, workers councils, crisis of capital |
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http://www.geocities.com/WallStreet/9973/council.html
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| | Notice to the Civilized Concerning Generalized Self-Management (Vaneigem) |
| | Workers councils constitute a new type of social organization, through which the proletariat puts an end to the proletarianization of everyone. | | | Generalized self-management is simply the general framework in accordance with which the councils unitarily inaugurate a style of life based on ongoing individual and collective liberation. | | | Because they exercise no power separate from the decisions of their members, the councils tolerate no power other than their own. |
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http://www2.cddc.vt.edu/mirrors/SI/12.selfman.htm
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| | Letter on Workers Councils. Anton Pannekoek 1952 |
| | This is what is called the system of workers councils. | | | In our day, the slogan of "workers' councils," does not mean assembling fraternally to work in co-operation; it means class struggle - in which fraternity plays its part - it means revolutionary action by the masses against state power. | | | So, the idea of workers councils does not involve a program of practical objectives to be realized - either tomorrow or in a few years -, it serves solely as a guide for the long and heavy fight for freedom, which still lies ahead for the working class. |
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http://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1952/letter-councils.htm
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| | Workers Councils |
| | Workers Councils was written between 1942 and 1947, the bulk of it while Pannekoek was dismissed from his teaching job during the german occupation of Holland. | | | The main part of this book has been written during the war under the occupation of Holland by the Germans, the first three parts 1942; the fourth 1944; a fifth part was added after the war, 1947. | | | This book has been written in the war years 1941-42 under the occupation of Holland by the Germans. |
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http://www.geocities.com/~johngray/wcontitl.htm
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| | Workers Control Or Self-Management (1972) - Melbourne Anarchist Archives |
| | This proposal will be circulated during the conference. | | | The issue of state power must be raised and thrashed out now as it will determine much of the future of our movement. | | | Many of those who have failed to raise the question of the state obviously feel that the 'party' will assume these functions. |
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http://www.takver.com/history/melb/maa58.htm
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| | BBC NEWS UK Councils 'bullying' workers over strike |
| | He said one council told its employees they were in breach of their contract by joining the strike - even though workers are protected in law against dismissal. | | | He said it would be inappropriate for anyone engaging in lawful industrial action to be threatened with such sanctions. | | | Dave Prentis of Unison appealed to the government to release more money to local authorities to help resolve the dispute. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/newsid_2127000/2127823.stm
(586 words)
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| | Workers' Councils |
| | If he used his essay (in part) to launch a discussion of workers' councils, it is only because workers' councils were actually established in 1956 by the Budapest proletariat in its revolution against the Hungarian bureaucracy. | | | But the workers of France did not organize themselves into workers' councils during the revolutionary crisis of May and June 1968. | | | At least so far as one is able to judge by the contents of The Situationist Anthology, the first mention of workers' councils appears in Internationale Situationniste #6 (August 1961). |
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http://www.notbored.org/councils.html
(2756 words)
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| | Workers’ Councils and Unions in Iraq : Indymedia Colombia |
| | This conference has proven to all, that the workers of Iraq do not recognize any religious, racial, tribal, or ethnic divisions among their ranks. | | | This conference was the fruit of PCFWCUI activities and its hard efforts to gather many workers around the unions and councils, as well as the foundation of many local unions and workers councils across Iraq. | | | After 7 hours of serious discussions around main agenda topics, key issues were endorsed; a list of workers immediate demands, a draft for a new Iraqi Labour Code and the main outlines of its legislature, as well as the election of the union leadership committee members. |
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http://colombia.indymedia.org/print.php?id=8265
(544 words)
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| | Kadar -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Until 1989 members of the Hungarian Socialist Workers', or Communist, party held all political power, which was exercised through the Politburo of the Central Committee. | | | Workers' councils were to be given a large amount of control in the factories and mines. | | | Compulsory deliveries of farm produce were to be abolished, and no compulsion, direct or indirect, was to be put on the peasants to enter the collectives. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9044270
(480 words)
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