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MSN Encarta - Search View - Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan was formerly the Turkmenb> Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
The new legislature appointed Saparmurad Niyazov, the first secretary of the Turkmenb> Communist Party since 1985, as chairperson of the Supreme Soviet (the highest government office in the republic at that time).
Elections to the Supreme Soviet were held later that month, and the Turkmenb> Communist Party won a majority of seats.

http://encarta.msn.com/text_761555783__1/Turkmenistan.html (5571 words)



Turkmenistan Project

[Turkmenb> President] Saparmurat Niyazov has promulgated a law "On amendments to a number of legislative acts of Turkmenistan".
The position of mayor of Abadan city remained vacant since last August when former head of the city’s administration Maral Byashimova was appointed Minister of Culture and TV and Radio Broadcasts of Turkmenistan.
Synopsis: Turkmenb> President Saparmurat Niyazov suggested to foreign ambassadors attending the opening of the largest regional horse-breeding center near Ashgabat on Sunday to hold a race of Akhaltekin horses on all continents of the Earth.

http://www.eurasianet.org/turkmenistan.project/index.php?page=/wnb/wnb050422&lang=eng (2533 words)



041029repression.txt

An ethnic Uzbek, Ibadullah rose to prominence in Turkmenistan, where he served as kazi, or judge, of the Turkmenb> SSR in the late Soviet period.
Even as Turkmenb> President Saparmurat Niyazov constructed an increasingly idiosyncratic system of one-man rule throughout the 1990s, Ibadullah remained the nominal leader of Turkmenistan's Muslims.
As the 21st century began, Niyazov metamorphosed irreversibly into Saparmurat Turkmenbashi the Great, head of all the Turkmenb> and president for life.

http://courses.wcupa.edu/rbove/eco343/040Compecon/Soviet/Asia/041029repression.txt (1297 words)



BakuTODAY.net - Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Caspian news, links, maps etc.

In 1990 he was elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet and then president of the Turkmenb> SSR, getting 93 percent of the votes.
The Turkmenb> president stressed that the question of the future elections will be discussed in October at a sitting of the supreme body of power, the People's Council.
Niyazov himself initiated a series of elections in Turkmenistan, beginning in 2006, from regional chiefs to the head of state.

http://www.bakutoday.net/view.php?d=13174 (356 words)



Turkmenistan

IAzberdyev, A. et Stepanov, A. IA., compilers, Bibliografiia izdanii AN Turkmenskoi SSR 1967 - 1975 : tom 3 : kniga 2 : Estestvennye i prikladnye nauki [Bibliography of publications of the Turkmenb> SSR Academy of Sciences : vol.
Metgel'dyev, S., Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskii stroi turkmenb> srednei Amudaii v XIX v.
Orazov, A.,, Skotovodstvo u Turkmenb> v XIX-nachale XX v.

http://www.globalserve.net/~eurasian/Turkmenistan/turkmenistan.html (7830 words)



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18 March 1985-4 January 1986 -- Appointed chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Turkmenb> SSR
27 October 1990 -- Elected president of the Turkmenb> SSR
December 1985 -- First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Turkmenb> SSR

http://www.rferl.org/specials/turkmenelections/bios/niyazov.asp (357 words)



MSN Encarta - Turkmenistan

Elections to the Supreme Soviet were held later that month, and the Turkmenb> Communist Party won a majority of seats.
The new legislature appointed Saparmurad Niyazov, the first secretary of the Turkmenb> Communist Party since 1985, as chairperson of the Supreme Soviet (the highest government office in the republic at that time).
These Communist Turkmenb> leaders were denounced as nationalists and executed in the 1930s as part of Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin’s violent and extensive purges of Soviet society ( see Great Purge).

http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555783_3/Turkmenistan.html (357 words)



wikien.info: Main_Page

He joined the Communist Party and rose through the ranks, eventually becoming head of the Communist Party of the Turkmenb> SSR (later known as the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan).
The second declared that the chewing of tobacco on Turkmenb> territory was to be outlawed (because Niyazov had to give up smoking after a successful anti-cancer operation).
Niyazov's other efforts to transform Turkmenb> culture include renaming the days and months after national heroes and symbols, defining the stages of life, and introducing a new Turkmenb> alphabet based on the Latin alphabet to replace Cyrillic.

http://www.alanaditescili.net/index.php?title=Saparmurat_Niyazov (661 words)



Turkmenistan Bibliography

Turkmenistan i turkmeny v kontse XV-pervoy polovine XVI v (Turkmenistan and the Turkmenb> at the End of the Fifteenth-First Half of the Sixteenth Centuries).
Ocherki proiskhozhdeniya i formirovaniya turkmenskogo naroda v epokhu srednovekov'ya (Essays on the Origin and Formation of the Turkmenb> People in the Middle Ages).
The Turkmens in the Age of Imperialism: A Study of the Turkmenb> People and Their Incorporation into the Russian Empire.

http://www.country-studies.com/turkmenistan/bibliography.html (989 words)



Saparmurat Niyazov

In 1985 he became the premier of the Turkmenb> SSR and then head of Turkmenb> Communist party.
An engineer and member of the Communist party, he worked in the electrical power industry and held party positions in what was then the Turkmenb> Soviet Socialist Republic of the USSR.
Republic president from 1990, he became president of Turkmenistan when it declared its sovereignty in 1991.

http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0930559.html (219 words)



Soviet Period

After reclaiming the TSSR in 1932 Stalin executed thousands of Turkmenb> communist leaders- including the President and The Premiere, whom he accused of helping the nationalists.
Finally two republics were so formed and admitted to the USSR in May 1925: the Uzbek S.S.R., in the eastern part, and the Turkmenb> S.S.R. in the western.
In 1929 the portion of the UzbekS.S.R. Inhabited by tadzhiks was split off and admitted to USSR as the Tadzhik S.S.R. Politic of Stalin in the late 1920s and early 1930 sparked a rebellion in Turkmenistan, and in 1927 the Soviets lost control of the Republic to national resistance movement called the Turkmenb> Freedom.

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5246/Soviet.html (559 words)



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1967-94 -- Member of the Supreme Soviet of the Turkmenb> SSR; later of the Mejlis
1967-78 -- Head of the geological department of the Council of Ministers of the Turkmenb> SSR; chairman of the state geological committee of the Turkmenb> SSR
1965-67 -- Chief engineer-first deputy chairman of the state geological committee of the Turkmenb> SSR

http://www.rferl.org/specials/turkmenelections/bios/suyunov.asp (234 words)



Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi

Ph.D degree 1995, Turkmenb> State University, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Phys., Turkmenb> St. Univ., Ashgabat, Turkmenistan and Institute of Phys., Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Vice-chairman, Special Committee of Turkmenb> State University in Physics of Solids and Research Studies

http://www.bahcesehir.edu.tr/cv/muradpodaevichannaorazov.php (1313 words)



Turkmenb> language - encyclopedia article about Turkmenb> language.

Turkmenb> is written using the Cyrillic alphabet The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe.
Turkmenb> is spoken by approximately 3,430,000 people in Turkmenistan, and by an additional approximately 3,000,000 people in other countries, including Iran Iran (Persian: ایران) is a Middle Eastern country located in Southwest Asia bordering Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Turkmenistan to the north, Pakistan and Afghanistan to the east, Turkey and Iraq to the west.
, although in recent years, President Saparmurat Niyazov Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov [sap-ar-moor-at ni-yaz-obv] (Turkmenb> Saparmyrat Ataýewiç Nyýazow; Russian: Сапармурат Ата????

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Turkmen+language (811 words)



Encyclopedia: Saparmurat Niyazov

He joined the Communist Party and rose through the ranks, eventually becoming head of the Communist Party of the Turkmenb> SSR (later known as the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan).
On October 22, 1993, he styled himself Turkmenbashi, which means "Leader of all Turkmenb>." On December 29, 1999, he was proclaimed President for Life by the country's rubber-stamp legislature.
The second declared that the chewing of tobacco on Turkmenb> territory was to be outlawed.

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Saparmurat-Niyazov (811 words)



Soviet Union

The highest government legislative body was the Supreme Soviet.
Revolutionary activity in Russia began with the Decembrist Revolt, uncovered in 1825, and although serfdom was abolished in 1861, its abolition was achieved on terms unfavorable to the peasants and served to encourage revolutionaries.
According to democratic centralism, lower party bodies executed the decisions of higher party bodies.

http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/encyclopedia/s/so/soviet_union.html (811 words)



Victor Fet

Ovtsharenko, V. and Fet, V. Fauna and ecology of spiders (Aranei) of Badhyz (Turkmenian SSR).
A new species of spider from the Turkmenb> SSR: Brachythele kopetdaghensis sp.
Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of the Lithuanian SSR, (C), 4(100): 42-45 (in Russian).

http://www.science.marshall.edu/fet/euscorpius/Fet.htm (3320 words)



The Global Encyclopedia < Hotels > < Travel >

The federal and state government is dominated by two political parties, the Republicans and the Democrats.
Within the US political culture, the Republican Party is described as center-right and the Democratic Party is described as center-left.
Minor party and independent candidates are very occasionally elected, usually to local or state office, but the United States political system has historically supported catch all parties rather than coalition governments.

http://united-states.asinah.net/american-encyclopedia/wikipedia/s/so/soviet_... (3320 words)



Turkmenistan Online Research :: Information about Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan, formerly known as the Turkmenb> SSR is a country in Central Asia.
Turkmenistan is dominated by an all-pervasive Cult of personality extolling President Niyazov as Turkmenbashi ("Leader of all Turkmenb>").
The October Revolution of 1917 in Russia and subsequent political unrest led to the declaration of the Turkmenb> Republic as one of the 15 Republics of the Soviet Union of the Soviet Union in 1924.

http://in-northcarolina.com/search/Turkmenistan.html (1137 words)



Republics of the Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1924 - Turkmenb> SSR and Uzbek SSR split from Turkestan SSR
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia were from 1922 until 1936 organized in the Transcaucasian SFSR.
The Karelo-Finnish SSR existed between March 31, 1940, and July 16, 1956.

http://www.northmiami.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union (1077 words)



What's New -- Historical & Political Articles

Constituting 77% of the population, Turkmens are the largest ethnic group, followed by the Uzbeks at 7.9%, and Russians at 6.7%.
Henceforth Ashgabat was the political and administrative center of the Turkmenb>.
An independent Turkmenb> state, established amidst the chaos of the Russian Revolution, was soon crushed by the Bolsheviks.

http://www.geohistory.com/geoworld/politics.asp?Type=Article&TOPIC_ID=NATSTAT0040 (1069 words)



Turkmenb> Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period of USSR

Numerous Turkmenb> intellectuals were exiled together with Nedirbay Aykatov who was the Head of Turkmenb> High Soviet, and Gaygisiz Atabay who was the State President between the years of 1937-38.
This resolution is of great significance since it was the first step for the provision of the Turkmenb> Turkic language as the official language of the state.
Batirov who was the First Secretary of the TCP clearly stated that the Turkmenb> people and the Turkmenb> villagers and nomads continued their resistance against the adoption of Soviet identity and the collection in the Soviet kolkhozes in the year of 1948.

http://www.ozturkler.com/data_english/0006/0006_07_05.htm (726 words)



History & Culture

In 1990, the Turkmenb> SSR declared that it
Turkmenb> established a national government that lasted until 1918.
Turkmenb>, led by Dzhunaid Khan, defeated the Russians at Khiva.

http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/turkmen/history/history.html (1539 words)



Turkmenb> SSR - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

It was initially established on August 7, 1921 as Turkmenb> Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR.
The Turkmenb> SSR was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union until 1991 when it declared independence as Turkmenistan.
On May 13, 1925 it was transformed into Turkmenb> SSR and became a separate republic of the USSR.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmen_SSR (132 words)



Flag of Turkmenb> SSR

This flag was adopted by the Turkmenb> SSR on August 1, 1953.
Between 1937 and the adoption of the above flag in the 1940s, the flag was the same, but with the characters in Latin characters (T.S.S.R. In the 1930s, the Turkmenb> flag was red with a large gold hammer and sickle in the top-left corner, similar to the flag of the Soviet Union.

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/F/Flag-of-Turkmen-SSR.htm (166 words)



Papers on the Ticks of Central Asia

Publishing House of Academy of Sciences, Uzbek SSR, Tashkent, 159 pp.
Meliev, A. Investigation of hemorrhagic fever epidemiology in Uzbek SSR.
Results from virological investigations of ixodid and argasid ticks in Tadzhik SSR.

http://wrbu.si.edu/centralasiatickbiblio.html (3050 words)



Democratic Party of Turkmenistan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Democratic Party of Turkmenistan is the only political party in
It is led by Saparmurat Niyazov, who in 1999 was proclaimed

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Turkmenistan (3050 words)



Soviet Language Policy in Central Asia

Among the Kazakhs, Kirghiz, Tajiks, Turkmenb>, and Uzbeks the rates were 1.0%, 0.6%, 3.9%, 0.7%, and 1.9%, respectively.
Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR), the Kirghiz SSR, the Tajik SSR, the Turkmenb> SSR, and the Uzbek SSR
The effect of this legislation in the Uzbek SSR can be seen in the growth of both preschools with Russian language instruction and general education schools with intensive Russian study.

http://www.oxuscom.com/lang-policy.htm (8900 words)



Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Soviet Union was a federation of Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR).
One republic, Karelo-Finnish SSR, was disbanded in 1956.
At that time, republics were technically independent from one another but their governments acted in closely coordinated confederation, as directed by the CPSU leadership.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union (5179 words)



Anthems of 15 Union republics

The anthem of Turkmenb> SSR was used in the independent Turkmenistan until 1997, with unchanged lyrics.
All of the former SSRs (Soviet Socialist Republics) are represented, along with the famous USSR anthem which was banished for a time under Boris Yeltsin but now (with new lyrics) lives again as the anthem of the Russian Federation.
In contrast, the anthems of the Soviet Central Asian Republics are close in musical spirit to the score of any of Cecil B. DeMille’s blockbuster Hollywood costume dramas.

http://www.hymn.ru/15-union-republics/index-en.html (1215 words)

Topic: Turkmen <b>SSR<

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