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| Â | Levellers Historical Information |
 | | Levellers believed all men were born free and equal and possessed natural rights that resided in the individual, not the government. | | | The Levellers were an informal alliance of agitators and pamphleteers who came together during the English Civil War (1642-1648) to demand constitutional reform and equal rights under the law. |
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http://www.levellers.org/lev.htm
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| Â | The Levellers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In February the "Grandees" (senior officers) ban petitions to Parliament by soldiers. | | | , at the St Mary's Church, Putney, in the county of Surrey, started on October 28, 1647 and lasted into November, took place between other factions of the New Model Army and the Levellers, whose supporters were elected from each regiment of the army to participate. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levellers
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| Â | "Leveller" Thinkers |
| | He ordered the execution of King Charles I, defeated the Levellers and went on to establish a dictatorship known as the Protectorate which lasted until his death in 1658. | | | It has often been the case that political crises have stimulated breakthrough thinking about liberty. | | | Many of his daring demands for criminal justice reform came true, too. |
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http://www.libertystory.net/LSTHINKLEVELLERS.htm
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| Â | The Levellers: Overton, Walwyn |
| | But the Independents had not abolished tithes and excise taxes or removed certain hated monopoly privileges, and they had not made many of the judicial and military reforms the Levellers demanded; so it was not enough for the Levellers. | | | Moreover – and here is perhaps the opening of the door to eventual anarchism after all – each person is himself, individually, both able and duty-bound to judge for himself what counsels, commands, and corrections are lawful. | | | Andrew Sharp argues recently that the Levellers were seen indeed as anarchists because they stood against the deeply seated view at the time that subordination, not equality, is the way of nature. |
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http://www.thoemmes.com/political/levellers_intro.htm
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| Â | Peter Linebaugh: Levelling and 9/11 |
| | Walwyn the Leveller said, "take a Cobler from his seat, or a Butcher from his Shop and let him hear the case." "No conviction but upon two or more sufficient grown witnesses," thus removing the hidden mainspring of the American criminal justice machine, the snitch. | | | The first is popular sovereignty or "the supreme authority of the people" contrasting with the judicial sovereignty of Bush where Rehnquist designated him President despite the scandal of the Florida balloting. | | | The Founders might accept Leveller formulations of liberty of individuals (Bill of Rights), but not against enclosure. |
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http://www.counterpunch.org/linebaugh0907.html
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| Â | The World Turned Upside Down |
| | The Levellers, too, have reappeared at odd moments, for instance in the 1974 coup d'etat by the "Captains of April" who overthrew the Salazar/Caetano dictatorship in Portugal and conceded independence to Mozambique, Angola, and Guinea Bissau (the last major European colonies in Africa and Asia). | | | That the people of England, being at this day very unequally distributed by counties, cities, and boroughs, for the election of their deputies in Parliament, ought to be more indifferently proportioned, according to the number of inhabitants... | | | This "levelling" or egalitarian tendency had a long history in England. |
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http://www.strecorsoc.org/world.html
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| Â | English Dissenters: Levellers |
| | This action ushered in the smaller Rump Parliament (1648-53) assumed to be more favorable to a program of general reform. | | | John Wildman was a university graduate with a legal education. | | | Cromwell needed to assert his own political resolve to the existing power structure to maintain his own position as Lord Protector. |
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http://www.exlibris.org/nonconform/engdis/levellers.html
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| Â | Communalism (4) (Rexroth) |
| | Then in 1652 he published, with a preface submitting it to Cromwell, his plan for a new commonwealth — The Law of Freedom in a Platform or True Magistracy Restored. | | | [ The Law of Freedom in a Platform or True Magistracy Restored, 1652] | | | [ The Law of Freedom in a Platform or True Magistracy Restored ] |
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http://www.bopsecrets.org/rexroth/communalism4.htm
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| Â | The Levellers and the Diggers Index |
| | The Law of Freedom in a Platform - Winstanley's considered 1652 utopia - The Digger ideas reach their synthesis here as Winstanley spells out clearly his vision for a commonwealth with all things held in common and his own peculiar systems of justice etc. | | | Cromwell introduces temporary democracy to the parliamentary army through the election of agitators from each regiment to sit on the main army council | | | He details his criticism here and, as is almost taken for granted in civil war pamphlets, managed to get his ideas printed on a liberated back-street printing press. |
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http://www.bilderberg.org/land/
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| Â | Christopher Hill - Gerard Winstanley |
| | Levellers thought that Parliament's victory over the King in the civil war ought to lead to the establishment of political democracy. | | | We're talking about 1649, just after the trial and execution of Charles I, with one of Wigan's MPs (who Winstanley may have known) as one of the judges in the trial. | | | The House of Lords had just been abolished. |
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http://www.kingston.ac.uk/cusp/Lectures/Hill.htm
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| Â | OzConstInfo - Limited Legislative Power |
| | If the former part of the alternative be true, then a legislative act, contrary to the Constitution, is not law: if the latter part be true, then written Constitutions are absurd attempts, on the part of the people, to limit a power, in its own nature illimitable. | | | The Constitution is either a superior paramount law, unchangeable by ordinary means, or it is on a level with ordinary legislative acts, and, like other acts, is alterable when the legislature shall please to alter it. | | | The Levellers kept on arguing, their civilian leaders were arrested on charges of sedition, and some of them in the army mutinied and were shot at Burford Church. |
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http://ozconstinfo.freehomepage.com/bookofrules/histlimlegpower.html
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| Â | The Levellers |
| | Every person in England hath as clear a right to elect his own representative as the greatest person in England. | | | Lilburne was tried first and after a jury refused to convict him the other Levellers were released on 8th November. | | | In the debate he argued: "that every man that is to live under a government ought first by his own consent be put himself under that government." |
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http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/STUlevellers.htm
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| Â | Gerrard Winstanley - Index |
| | A Letter To The Lord Fairfax And His Councell Of War | | | True help for the poor through ending private land ownership | | | Setting out the vision for a true 'Commonwealth' |
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http://melior.univ-montp3.fr/ra_forum/en/people/winstanley_g
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| Â | Milton and Radical Sects |
| | "Selected Works of the Levellers." The Constitution Society. | | | Developing his "Leveller" ideas in speeches and print (1640s-50s), he was ordered into exile for criticizing Parliament, and imprisoned until his death after his unauthorized return. | | | John Lilburne, the leading and most prolific Leveller, was imprisoned for writing against the Church of England, released when Cromwell interceded for him in the House of Commons, served as a lieutenant in the parliamentarian army, but resigned in protest when Presbyterianism was made the state religion. |
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http://www.tcnj.edu/~graham/RadicalSects.htm
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| Â | The Diggers (True Levellers) |
| | the abandonment of private property rights - was too radical a step for the Levellers, who were attempting to negotiate a political settlement within the existing social order. | | | Winstanley attempted to put into practice his ideals for a utopian communistic society, but the Surrey Diggers were persecuted by local landowners and clergymen. | | | They were associated with the political Levellers but Lilburne and other spokesmen were at pains to deny the connection. |
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http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/glossary/diggers.htm
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| Â | True Blue - Rev Hammer Site - Other Writings - Levellers Day |
| | This was the 350th Anniversary of the execution of the three Leveller soldiers who were shot as an example to the 340 who had rebelled and taken part in the famous mutiny during the Civil War. | | | Oliver Cromwell had them all imprisoned in Burford Church overnight and carried out his brutal sentence the following morning. | | | Children from the Woodcraft folk mingled with Jugglers, Musicians, Politicians and the odd Vicar. |
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http://www.ne-ne.de/revhammer/writings-levellers.html
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| Â | SA 20 Wenzer |
| | This change is to be effected gradually by educated instructors and small groups of thinkers, for virtue and "true wisdom is best adapted to a slow, unvarying, incessant progress." An objective reason that recognizes the good, a virtue that pursues the truth and a benevolence that rises above self-interest: together these will bring universal justice. | | | Social reform and personal transformation will come of the application of immutable laws heretofore used in the natural sciences. | | | The fifteenth-century radical Hussites, known as the Taborites, imagined a millennial future free of private property, human laws and all mundane authority: a brotherhood of all mankind subject only to the divine precepts of the Lord. |
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http://www.socialanarchism.org/sa20/20wenzer.html
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| Â | The Diggers |
| | Winstanley, however, true to his convictions remained and complained about the treatment which they received. | | | Fairfax duly arrived with his troops, and interviewed Winstanley and another prominent member of the the True Levellers, William Everard[?]. | | | Opponents insultingly called them the Diggers because they advocated an agrarian return to the land. |
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http://www.eurofreehost.com/th/The_Diggers.html
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| Â | DEFINITIONS - A... |
| | Inspired by the leadership of Gerard Winstanley and William Everard, the Diggers formed communal settlements, dug and sowed common land in several English counties (1649-50), vigorously maintaining that the earth was a common treasury. | | | Within Mahayana, it is disputed whether inanimate appearances also possess the buddha-nature in this way. | | | In the Vedas, that sense had not been developed. |
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http://www.hoosier.net/~okolicko/definitions.html
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| Â | Eduard Bernstein: Cromwell and Communism (9. "True" Levellers) |
| | Moreover, and this was probably the decisive factor, the most energetic members of the peasantry were serving in the Army, where meanwhile a crushing blow had been inflicted on the Levellers. | | | This last independent work issuing from the “true Levellers”; is also an important and interesting document in the history of Socialism. | | | How were the poor country-people to know that “eternal justice” in the seventeenth century meant the overthrow of divine right and the enthronement of the right of property? |
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http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bernstein/works/1895/cromwell/09-communism.htm
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| Â | The World Turned Upside Down |
| | January 1, 1650 - A New yeers Gift Sent To The Parliament and Armie | | | April 20, 1649 - The First Digger Manifesto: " The True Levellers Standard Advanced: Or, The State of Community Opened, and Presented to the Sons of Men." | | | Levellers and Diggers - I think the tune for Thatcherites would fit these lyrics. |
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http://www.web.net/~smorton/Billy_Bragg/The_World_Turned_Upside_Down.html
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| Â | The True Levellers Standard Advanced by Gerrard Winstanley |
| | True freedom lies where a man receives his nourishment and preservation, and that is in the use of the earth. | | | The great searching of heart in these days is to find out where true freedom lies, that the commonwealth of England might be established in peace. | | | Others say, ‘It is true freedom to have ministers to preach, and for people to hear whom they will, without being restrained or compelled from or to any form of worship’. |
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http://www.marx.org/reference/archive/winstanley/1652/law-freedom/ch01.htm
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| Â | English Dissenters: Diggers |
| | Winstanley's radical vision of a new society died a quite death in Surrey, but his writings and their message did not. | | | The True Leveller Standard Advanced, or the State of Community opened and presented to the Sons of Man. By William Everard, Iohn Palmer, Iohn South, Iohn Courton. | | | The declaration and standard of the levellers of England, delivered in a speech to His Excellency the Lord Gen. Fairfax, on Friday last at White-Hall, by Mr. |
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http://www.exlibris.org/nonconform/engdis/diggers.html
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| Â | Thomas Hobbes -- Moral and Politcal Philosophy [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] |
| | (For instance, ‘the Levellers’ called for much greater equality in terms of wealth and political rights; ‘the Diggers,’ more radical still, fought for the abolition of wage labor.) Civil war meant that the country became militarily divided. | | | And all these divisions cut across one another: for example, the army of the republican challenger, Cromwell, was the main home of the Levellers, yet Cromwell in turn would act to destroy their power within the army’s ranks. | | | Nonetheless, this does not mean that Hobbes was able to reach a level of ‘scientific’ certainty in his judgments that had been lacking in all previous reflection on morals and politics. |
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http://www.iep.utm.edu/h/hobmoral.htm
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| Â | [No title] |
| | H.N. Brailsford, The Levellers and the English Revolution (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1961), 662. | | | In an earlier work, Winstanley wrote that "[h]e that preaches from the book and not from the anointing is no true minister but a hireling that preaches only to get a temporal living."61 In another early work, Winstanley gave fuller expression to his criticism: | | | Secondly, then their writings is [sic] not the Spirit; but a report or declaration of that law and testimony which was within them."67 |
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http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/journals/EH/EH33/suther33.html
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| Â | HIS211 Levellers and Diggers |
| | Where was this clause debated with the leaders of the New Model Army? | | | 1) Complete the title of the Levellers' proposal for a new constitution: An Agreement...' | | | 2) John Lilburne, leader of the Levellers, was sometimes known as: |
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http://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/j.p.boulton/his211levellerquiz.htm
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| Â | The Levellers Vindicated: Salisbury mutiny to Burford. Original pamphlet from 1649. The true story of Cromwell's ... |
| | The folloing night Cromwell was treated to a slap-up banquet and awarded an honorary degree at Magdalen [scumbag] College Oxford. | | | We beleeve, he that now judgeth otherwise, will at the length, it may be, when it is too late, finde himself as much deceived, as he that lost his head against his own Palace gate. | | | These champions of democracy sprang up with a positive vision for life after the civil war, they were The Levellers |
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http://www.tlio.demon.co.uk/case.htm
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| Â | The Green Internet |
| | This is also now true on the internet. | | | This is frequently true in the printing of `glossy brochures’. | | | Depending on ones perspective on politics, I think it is obvious that people will split between those with the opinion that the `public will’ be expressed through democracy and those who believe that the `vested interests’ in maintaining the status quo are so strong as to render the political process impotent. |
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http://tash.gn.apc.org/green-internet_ntu4.htm
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| Â | Marxism and Anarchism |
| | The English Revolution was also the scene of revolutionary struggles by the predecessors of the modern revolutionaries: the Diggers and the Levellers. | | | The English Revolution of 1640-48, in which Oliver Cromwell built the New Model Army, decapitated Charles II and laid the basis for the constitutional monarchy under which the bourgeoisie could develop its industry and trade without the fetters of feudalism | | | ¤ True Levellers Standard Advanced, by Gerrard Winstanley (1649). |
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http://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/
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| Â | The True Levellers Standard Advanced by Gerrard Winstanley |
| | All slaveries and oppressions which have been brought upon mankind by kings, lords of manors, lawyers and landlords and the divining clergy, are all cast out again by this government, if it be right in power as well as in name. | | | Government is a wise and free ordering of the earth and the manners of mankind by observation of particular laws or rules, so that all the inhabitants may live peaceably in plenty and freedom in the land where they are born and bred. | | | So that true government is a right ordering of all actions, giving to every action and thing its due weight and measure, and this prevents confusion. |
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http://www.marx.org/reference/archive/winstanley/1652/law-freedom/ch02.htm
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| Â | Amazon.co.uk: Music: One Way of Life |
| | They appeal to all different age groups and generations! | | | This album is a perfect for chillin out and if u love rock, indie, metal or anything wiv a similar sound u r sure to love the levellers, who r best described as Britains best acoustic punk band!! | | | So not the best collection of Levellers songs by any means, a better collection would be the 'Best Live: Headlights White Lines and Black Tar Rivers' and the recent studio LP 'Green Blade Rising' plus a few other songs. |
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http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0000243IY
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| Â | English Diggers |
| | The Diggers also called themselves True Levelers, but their communism was denounced by the leaders of the Levelers. | | | Oliver Cromwell, the Commonwealth, and the Protectorate (1649-60); the Stuart Restoration (1660) under Charles II (1660-85) and James II (1685-88); the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and end of crown rule without Parliament | | | The Diggers themselves abjured the use of force. |
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http://www.diggers.org/english_diggers.htm
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| Â | The Putney Debates |
| | God will have his work done; it may be, we think we are the only instruments that God hath in his hands. | | | But though this be true, yet the general end and equity of engagements I must regard, and that is the preserving right betwixt men, the not doing of wrong or hurt by men; one to another. | | | I would know whether the chief thing in the Agreement, (By this title, a favourite with the Levellers, Wildman designates the proposals submitted in the name of the Agents). |
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http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~muss/webstuff/putney.htm
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| Â | The Levellers Page |
| | Anyway my dad went to pick up the tickets from oxford and was informed that it was only 18’s and over and as I’m only 14 and so I couldn’t go. | | | Anyway we phoned on the fiddle and asked them to tell us a gig that was closer to our home and on the fiddle said "Oxford" which wasn’t true the closest was Cambridge (only a couple of 100 miles difference - never mind). | | | There are a few very little gigs that the levellers are doing at the moment that are v’ very small, and they are at various venues around England. |
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http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/parade/jp16/leveller.htm
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| Â | Winstanley |
| | A truly stunning and hauntingly beautiful film, telling the little-known story of Gerrard Winstanley and the Diggers, a short-lived radical movement that emerged during the British Civil Wars/Revolution in the late 1640s. | | | that we may work in righteousness, and lay the foundation of making the earth a common treasury for all, both rich and poor (Gerrard Winstanley, 'The True Levellers' Standard Advanced') | | | The True Levellers' Standard Advanced at The World Turned Upside Down (among other documents at this site, see URL below) |
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http://www.earlymodernweb.org.uk/film/winstan.htm
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| Â | levellers interview |
| | a band with an opinion is a very rare commodity these days in fact neither of us could think of a single band around at the moment who tackle politics small or large,in their songs as overtly as the levellers.. | | | so far the best success for these is the excellent electric soft parade who are friends with the levellers and were due to play the fayre as well. | | | Fat Boy slim likes the levellers and to this day the fat boy doesn't realise that the track was made by the levellers. |
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http://www.ireallylovemusic.co.uk/interviews/levellers_interview.html
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| Â | lnews.html |
| | In true Levellers style, the band are back on the road again in September, when they return for 14 UK dates after playing a string of Summer European festivals. | | | Recorded in the grandeur of the Empress Ballroom, Blackpool in February of this year, the video was mixed live and directed by top music video man Gavin Taylor, who was also responsible for U2's acclaimed "Under a Blood Red Sky". | | | A live video of the same title will also be released on the same day through Warner Vision. |
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http://www.ping.be/~germeys/lnews.html
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| Â | Levellers tabs :: complete, accurate & free |
| | You should also check our Levellers discography and CD reviews here. | | | Please use the links below to submit missing tabs. | | | Welcome to our growing collection of Levellers bass and guitar tabs. |
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http://www.fretplay.com/tabs/l/levellers
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