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| | MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Todor Zhivkov |
 | | Zhivkov served as president from 1971 to 1989, when he was ousted in a coup and subsequently convicted, in 1992, of embezzlement, corruption, and abuse of power. | | | Todor Zhivkov joined the Young Communist League in the 1920s, became party secretary of the Sofia district of the Bulgarian Communist Party in 1934, and rose steadily through party ranks until he became prime minister of Bulgaria in 1962. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/media_461519684_761556147_-1_1/Todor_Zhivkov.html
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| | Zhivkov was one of the 19 former statesmen and politicians defendant in Case No.3 from 1992 which was constituted for the distribution of credits and grant aids to third world communist parties, movements and states. | | | Zhivkov was defendant in four cases, sentenced in one of them, but later acquitted, and there were other cases which were not moved to court while he was alive. | | | In September 1992, Zhivkov was sentenced to reimburse the state with 21 million leva-plus and to seven years in prison after he was found guilty of defrauding the state by illegally giving away houses, cars, establishment and sustenance allowances. |
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http://www.b-info.com/places/Bulgaria/news/98-08/aug06a.bta
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| | Bulgaria - GOVERNMENT |
| | Zhivkov, who began his political career in the party youth organization and worked his way to the party Central Committee in 1948, became party chief when Chervenkov resigned that position in 1954. | | | ON NOVEMBER 10, 1989, after thirty-five years as undisputed leader, Todor Zhivkov resigned his positions as head of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) and head of state of Bulgaria. | | | Although speculation grew that Zhivkov had become a figurehead or was preparing to resign, in the late 1980s he was still able to divide the power of his rivals and avoid naming a single successor. |
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http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/bulgaria/GOVERNMENT.html
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| | Todor Zhivkov's Personal Records And The Cold War History |
| | After the country’s new Constitution was passed by the National Assembly in May 1971, Todor Zhivkov was elected to the supreme post of “Chairman of the State Council,” a post created for him personally. | | | Throughout the 35 years of Todor Zhivkov’s reign as head of the Bulgarian Communist party, government and state, he established personal contacts with a large number of foreign heads of state and political leaders. | | | At the same time, the archival documentation confirms Zhivkov’s claim that Bulgarian foreign policy had always been managed under his strict personal control and that Mladenov (despite serving 18 years in the position of foreign minister) was predominantly just a executor of the decisions made by the BCP Secretary General’s office. |
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http://imos.96plus.net/imos_en/baev_en.htm
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| | Todor Zhivkov, 1911-1998 |
| | From 1962 to 1971 Zhivkov served as premier of Bulgaria and in the latter year was elected president of the State Council formed by Bulgaria's new constitution. | | | Zhivkov was convicted of embezzlement in 1992 and sentenced to seven years' imprisonment. | | | He was allowed to serve his sentence under house arrest on account of his failing health, and in 1998 he was reinstated as a member of the Communist Party's successor organization, the Socialist Party. |
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http://www.historyguide.org/europe/zhivkov.html
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| | Handley Bulgarian Political Development, 1989-2003 |
| | On 21 February 1996, the Bulgarian Constitutional Court voided the sentences against Zhivkov and Balev and dismissed the case. | | | On 9 November 1989, General Dobri Dzhurov, the long-serving Bulgarian minister of defense, with support from Georgi Antanasov, the premier, and Andrei Lukanov, the minister for foreign economic relations, orchestrated the end of the thirty-five-year reign of Todor Zhivkov as Bulgaria& head of state and as general secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP). | | | On 16 November, Mladenov convinced the Central Committee to remove Zhivkov and his four supporters from the politburo and to place Zhivkov and his second-in-command, Milko Balev, under house arrest in order for an investigation to determine if the two men should be charged for any criminal activity while they held office (Thompson 2002, 443). |
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http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/archives_roll/2003_07-09/handley_bulgaria/handley_bulgaria.html
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| | videofact |
| | At that time Zhivkov was also very upset with another problem - the rise of the Bulgarian dissident movement " Declaration 78 " (Zhelu Zhelev, who later became Bulgaria's first democratically chosen President, was one of the dissidents influenced by Mr. | | | Zhelu Zhelev made a state visit to Great Britain in 1991. | | | The order was given to Interior Minister Dimitar Stoyanov. |
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http://www.videofact.com/english/defectors_33_en.html
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| | Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact |
| | Statement of the Bulgarian Head of State (Todor Zhivkov) at the WP Leaders' Meeting in Crimea | | | BCP Politburo Resolution and Information on the Conversation of the Bulgarian Head of State (Todor Zhivkov) with the Secretary General of the CC CPSU (Leonid I. Brezhnev) in Crimea (7 August 1981) | | | BCP Politburo Resolution and Information on Conversation of the Bulgarian Head of State (Todor Zhivkov) with the Secretary General of the CC CPSU (Leonid I. Brezhnev) in Crimea (7 August 1980) |
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http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/collections/coll_16.htm
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| | Leonid Brezhnev - Todor Zhivkov Crimean meeting, 7 August 1981 |
| | About the meeting in Crimea of Todor Zhivkov, Secretary General of the CC BCP and Chairman of the State Council of the PRB, and Leonid Brezhnev, Secretary General of the CC CPSU and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR | | | ZHIVKOV: There is nobody in Poland to take the lead and to initiate the struggle against the counter-revolution… Now PUWP has to act decisively and firmly. | | | ZHIVKOV: Yes, you said this as early as at the meeting in Moscow and you were absolutely right… The so-called course of "renovation" is actually a course of capitulation. |
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http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/documents/collection_16/docs/8-engl.htm
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| | Zhivkov, Todor Hristo |
| | In 1990 he was charged with embezzlement during his time in office and in 1992 sentenced to seven years under house arrest. | | | As BCP first secretary, Zhivkov became the dominant political figure in Bulgaria after the death of Vulko Chervenkov in 1956. | | | After the war, he was elected to the national assembly and soon promoted into the BCP secretariat and politburo. |
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0018940.html
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| | [ RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY ] |
| | A week after the fateful Central Committee meeting, Bulgaria's Communist-dominated parliament voted unanimously to oust Zhivkov as head of state and elect Mladenov as the new president. | | | Zhivkov supporters were removed from the Central Committee, the Politburo, and the State Council. | | | Zhivkov was stripped of his post as Communist Party secretary-general by the Central Committee on November 10, 1989 -- just one day after the fall of the Berlin Wall. |
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http://www.rferl.org/specials/communism/10years/bulgaria1.asp
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| | BBC News Europe Bulgaria's ex-communist leader dies |
| | Brain complications, which were the result of long-standing diabetes and old age, led to a coma and eventual death, a hospital statement said. | | | Mr Zhivkov was admitted to hospital on July 8th, but his condition continued to deteriorate. | | | The Socialist party has asked for a state funeral for the former president, but the authorities have not commented on the proposal. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/europe/newsid_146000/146406.stm
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| | History in photos: commemorating 14 years since November 10, 1989 - News news |
| | ON November 10, 1989, at 18.00, the Bulgarian National Radio broke the news that Bulgaria's communist leader Todor Zhivkov had submitted his resignation (Zhikov is shown under the umbrella in picture 1 before his resignation). | | | He received gratitude for 33 years of "devoted work and service to the party and the people" and was replaced by fellow party member Petar Mladenov. | | | There was no one to hold the umbrella for him on that date, nor later when between December 11-13 Zhivkov and his closest associates were expelled from the party for "gross perversions." |
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http://www.sofiaecho.com/article/history-in-photos-commemorating-14-years-since-november-10-1989/id_8400/catid_5
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| | Judit Fischer: HUNGARIAN PUBLICATIONS ON THE HISTORY OF LATIN-AMERICA IN THE COLD WAR ERA, Cold War History Research ... |
| | V shvatka s oktopoda:”Vtoriyat tsentur” v borbata protiv zhivkovitsite, 1965-1968 [In a battle with the octopus: The “second center” in the struggle against the Zhivkov’s regime], Sofia, 1993, 196 p. | | | Todor Zhivkov-putyat kum vlastta: politika I ikonomika v Bulgaria, 1953-1964 [Todor Zhivkov – the road to power: Policy and Economy in Bulgaria], Sofia, 2000, 281 p. | | | Na slovoto ti upovavah-:prezhiviana tragichna istoriia na edin osuden v pretsesa srushtu evangelskite pastori 1948-1949 [I trusted your word… A survived tragic history of a convicted at the trial against the Protestant priests], Sofia 1993, 182 p. |
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http://www.coldwar.hu/html/en/bibliographies/bulgaria.html
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| | The Commander Started Following in the Todor Zhivkov's Footsteps - Standart / Стандaрт |
| | Ivan Kostov has long been following in Todor Zhivkov's footsteps. | | | After being a PM for 4 years, and after so many scandalous privatization deals, there is nothing which Kostov could be accused of except for a case 11 years ago from which he took nothing. | | | And this helped that the enormous external loan, which we are still paying even today, and whose payment in full will take long, and the repressions over political opponents, and the forceful change of the names of the Bulgarian Muslims, and the dishonour of the state's sovereignty, all these be forgotten. |
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http://www.standartnews.com/archive/2003/01/14/english/opinion
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| | Time International: DIED. TODOR ZHIVKOV.(Brief Article)(Obituary)@ HighBeam Research |
| | The longest-serving Soviet-bloc strongman paid fealty to the Kremlin for 35 years, but his subservience ultimately led... | | | TODOR ZHIVKOV, 86, former Bulgarian despot, whose Stalinist style of suppression included expelling 310,000 ethnic Turks and throwing some 200,000 political opponents into gulags; in Sofia. | | | Search for more information on HighBeam Research for. |
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http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:21064945&refid=ip_almanac_hf
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| | Zhivkov, Todor on Encyclopedia.com |
| | ZHIVKOV, TODOR [Zhivkov, Todor], 1911-98, Bulgarian political leader. | | | Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP); Mikhail Gorbachev, Politbureau member and Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party; Todor Zhivkov, Secretary General of the BCP and State Council President; Army General Dobri Djourov, Politbureau member of the BCP | | | On Nov. 10, 1989, Zhivkov was ousted from the presidency following a revolt against him within the Communist party that was backed by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, and his supporters in the politburo were purged. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/Z/Zhivkov.asp
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| | Bulgaria.com - History, Rulers of Bulgaria - Todor Zhivkov |
| | By 1951 Todor Zhivkov had become a member of the Politbureau and three years later was elected First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party. | | | Vulko Chervenkov, then Number One in the party and the state, underestimated Zhivkov's abilities and his prospects for career in the party. | | | Through his performance at the conference which was to remove Chervenkov from the helm, Zhivkov did away with all obstacles to his total power for more than three decades. |
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http://www.bulgaria.com/history/rulers/zhivkov.html
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| | Botevgrad and Pravets - Todor Zhivkov - Hotel Near |
| | Todor Zhivkov, Bulgaria's last and longest-serving Communist leader, was born into a peasant family in 1911 and was a minor party functionary before emerging as Mayor of Sofia after World War II. | | | He was accordingly arrested on a charge of "embezzling state funds" and sentenced to seven years' imprisonment - although he continued to lead a comfortable, if somewhat restricted, existence under house arrest in Sofia. | | | Zhivkov was never a great ideologist: most of his political innovations were designed to wrongfoot opponents rather than introduce real social change. |
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http://www.hotelnear.com/1381/1395/4192g/Bulgaria-Botevgrad_and_Pravets-Todor_Zhivkov.html
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| | Press Review BULGARIA\PRESS REVIEW\AUGUST 7, 1998 DEATH OF BULGARIA'S FORMER CHIEF OF STATE TODOR ZHIVKOV Bulgaria's former head of state Todor Zhivkov (b. | | | "The death of Todor Zhivkov marks the final end of the communist era," President Peter Stoyanov is quoted as saying in the national dailies. | | | Both "Troud" and "24 Chassa" draw a link between the news of the currency reform and Todor Zhivkov's death. |
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http://www.b-info.com/places/Bulgaria/news/98-08/aug07d.bta
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| | National Review: Back to Bulgaria: after the grim days of Todor Zhivkov, Bulgaria is now an improbably cheerful venue ... |
| | Indeed Zhivkov, after his fall, said clearly that for years he and his colleagues had lost all real belief in the system. | | | I had spoken with Markov, who had earlier been the white hope of Communist literature, a year or two before his death, and he told me that he knew himself to be in particularly bad odor because of his firsthand accounts of Zhivkov over the BBC. | | | These included his telling how Zhivkov, his host at the former royal chalet at Cham-koria, had said to him in awed tones, "Tonight you will sleep in the bed of a king!" |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n1_v46/ai_14809424
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| | BBC News Europe Bulgaria's Zhivkov in intensive care |
| | The reports said Mr Zhivkov, who is eighty-six and suffers from diabetes, was admitted to hospital at the beginning of the week. | | | Mr Zhivkov ruled Bulgaria for thirty-five years before he was toppled in 1989. | | | Reports from Bulgaria say the former communist leader, Todor Zhivkov, is in intensive care after being taken ill with heart and blood problems. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/world/europe/93576.stm
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| | WHKMLA : History of Bulgaria, 1969-1989 |
| | TODOR ZHIVKOV, party head since 1954, was to stay in office until the very last days of Communist rule, continuously loyal to Soviet policy. | | | Relations with the west have been improved by a treaty with the FRG in 1973 and by Zhivkov's visit of the Vatican in 1975. | | | Needless to say, the economy showed no significant improvement, except for the black sea tourism, which also attracted western tourists (and be it relatives of GDR or Hungarian citizens using the opportunity for family reunions). |
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http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/balkans/bulgaria196989.html
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| | Recalling ‘the changes’ - Features news |
| | He was forced to resign on November 10 1989 by fellow communist officials after mass demonstrations. | | | Todor Zhivkov was ruler of Bulgaria for 35 years, making him the longest-serving leader of any of the nations of the Eastern bloc. | | | The next day, it had already been removed by officials. |
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http://www.sofiaecho.com/article/recalling-the-changes/id_12726/catid_29
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| | IALHI News Service: Bulgaria and the Cold War |
| | Documents from Todor Zhivkov's Personal Records." Containing never-before published documents from the personal archive of Bulgaria's former Communist dictator Todor Zhivkov, Eastern Europe's longest serving Stalinist leader, the collection covers the entire period of Zhivkov's reign from his election as Communist party leader in 1954 through the collapse of communism in Bulgaria in 1989. | | | The CD-ROM contains more than 700 pages of documents (most in both Bulgarian and English) of previously unknown stenographic notes of Todor Zhivkov's conversations and correspondence with over 30 foreign state and political leaders from all five continents spanning over three decades. | | | The Cold War International History Project and its Bulgarian partner, the Cold War Research Group-Bulgaria, are pleased to announce the publication of a new CD-ROM on "Bulgaria and the Cold War. |
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http://www.ialhi.org/news/i0303_3.html
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| | Botevgrad and Pravets - Destination Guide - Hotel Near |
| | When Zhivkov made a much-publicized visit to his home town in May 1995 (despite being ostensibly under house arrest in Sofia at the time), he was given an emotional welcome by thousands of locals, many of whom were in tears. | | | Although his modest childhood home is no longer open to the public, other visitable aspects of the Zhivkov legacy will prove more lasting: most importantly, the holiday complex and artificial lake on the town's western outskirts. | | | Complete with tennis courts, restaurants, boating, waterskiing facilities and fishing opportunities, this is a popular stopoff for travellers - fringed by the mountains of the Etropolska planina to the south, it's quite an idyllic spot. |
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http://www.hotelnear.com/1381/1395/4191g/Bulgaria-Botevgrad_and_Pravets-Destination_Guide.html
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| | Zhivkov (1965) Todor Zhivkov: Speeches, reports, articles, 1942-1959 |
| | Zhivkov (1965) Todor Zhivkov: Speeches, reports, articles, 1942-1959 | | | To view the the latter's ratings, click on Chapters/Papers/Articles in the STATISTICS box, select a publication from the list that appears, and then click on either Quality or Interest in that publication's STATISTICS box. |
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http://www.getcited.org/?PUB=102402193&showStat=Ratings
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| | The Resume of James I. Deutsch |
| | “Citizen Zhivkov: The Media Resurrection of a Bulgarian Communist Leader,” International Association of Media in History Conference, 15 July 1999, University of Leeds, United Kingdom. | | | “Todor Zhivkov,” in Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators, ed. |
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http://home.gwu.edu/~deutsch
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| | Home : Rate Todor Zhivkov (1911-1998) Memoirs |
| | Please rate the link Todor Zhivkov (1911-1998) Memoirs between one and ten, with ten being tops. | | | You can post your questions, suggestions, ideas, news on Slavophilia Bulletin Board Join Slavophilia Forums |
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http://www.slavophilia.com/cgi-bin/links/rate.cgi?ID=2000
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| | Sofia News Agency - Search Forum |
| | The Chileans should be kissing Pinochet's feet for bringing them out of the South American "banana republic" model and putting them on a path of economic stability that is by far the best in South America. | | | No, I AM Todor Zhivkov, AND I WANT MY YACHT BACK!!! | | | What will be your favourite source of information in 2006? |
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http://www.novinite.com/search_forum.php?search_in=name&thequery=Zhivkov
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| | King Boris and Todor Zhivkov Alive again in a Serial - Standart / Стандaрт |
| | King Boris and Todor Zhivkov are the main personages in 'Patriarchate' - the new film of seven series that will be televised on the Bulgarian National Televsion (BNT). | | | The Author: 20th Century Ruined The Sterner Sex | | | King Boris and Todor Zhivkov Alive again in a Serial |
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http://www.standartnews.com/archive/2004/09/14/english/arts
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http://www.acs.bg/Tolerance_museum/9_3/museum/Diliana/Diliana.doc
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