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Topic: Third Republic

Ads by Google      French Third Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The French Third Republic, (in French, La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) (1870/75-10 July 1940) was the governing body of France between the Second French Empire and the Fourth Republic. When France was finally liberated, few called for the restoration of the Third Republic, and a Constituent Assembly was established in 1946 to draft a constitution for a successor, established as the Fourth Republic that December. The Third Republic survived the First World War, having found allies to support it against Germany. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Third_Republic   (1153 words)      France: Third Republic (1870-1940) (The President of the Republic shall be elected by the Senate and the Chamber.) The Wallon amendment was adopted by one vote of majority (353/352). The executive power should be exercised by the President of the Republic, irresponsible, elected for seven years by the Congress (Deputies and Senators). After the disaster of Sedan (2 September 1870) and the capitulation of the Emperor and the whole French army, the Republic was proclaimed in Paris without violence on 4 September 1870. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr_third.html   (2473 words)      Marie-Edme-Patrice-Maurice, count de Mac-Mahon --  Encyclopædia Britannica During his presidency the Third Republic took shape, the new constitutional laws of 1875 were adopted, and important precedents were established affecting the relationship between executive and legislative powers. French diplomat and economist Maurice Couve de Murville served a record term as foreign minister, from 1958 to 1968. The Arab pirate Barbarossa besieged and captured the place in 1535, and in 1558 it was sacked by corsairs. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9049594   (725 words)      Stuart Basten The education reforms of the French Third Republic were based on the concept of consolidation of the state – which by its bourgeois nature, is consolidation of the bourgeoisie. The education reforms of the French Third Republic (1870-1914) were undoubtedly successful in terms of consolidation and giving the impression of social reform. As the study of the French Third Republic is most comfortably dealt with in terms of events and “affairs”, perhaps it is useful to single out a particular instance which reflects the attitude of the Republic and their true motives. http://www.brooklynonline.com/mybrooklyn/basten   (3002 words)      CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Louis-Adolphe Thiers French statesman and historian, first president of the Third French Republic, b. After having supported anti-religious liberalism under the Restoration and the monarchy of July, he supported the Catholic claims under the Second Republic, and during his old age under the Third Republic he assisted the anti-clerical parties. After having contributed by his historical works to the prestige of Napoleon I and by his vote to the election of the future Napoleon III to the presidency of the Republic, he became the adversary of the Empire. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14635b.htm   (789 words)      French Third Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia France's longest lasting régime since before the 1789 revolution, the Third Republic was consigned to the history books, as unloved at the end as it had been when first created seventy years earlier. When France was finally liberated, few called for the restoration of the Third Republic, and a Constituent Assembly was established in 1946 to draft a constitution for a successor, established as the Fourth Republic that December. The French Third Republic, (in French, Troisième Republique, sometimes written as IIIème Republique) (1870/75-10 July 1940) was the governing body of France between the Second French Empire and the Fourth Republic. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Third_Republic   (789 words)      A History of the French Senate: The Third Republic 1870–1940 Volume One examines the place of the Senate in the Third Republic, from its uncertain beginnings to its presence at the forefront of political life in the 1930s, a prominence that would cost the Senate dear after the Liberation. This two-part study uncovers the French Senate and examines its evolution from keystone of the compromise that created the Republic in 1875 to its consecration as the chambre de la décentralisation in 2003. We are ushered into the world of local notables, wielding influence as a result of family connection, property or liberal profession, who acted as a counterbalance to the mass politics of the Republic, as exemplified by the socialist and communist parties. http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=6274&pc=9   (1065 words)      Albert, 4e duke de Broglie --  Encyclopædia Britannica French statesman and man of letters who served twice as head of the government during the early crucial years of the Third French Republic but failed to prepare the way for the return of a king. (born 1960), second son and third child of England's Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip, duke of Edinburgh; born in Buckingham Palace, London; full name, Andrew Albert Christian Edward; was taught at home until 1968 when he went to Heatherdown Preparatory School; attended Gordonstoun school in Scotland and Lakefield College School in Ontario; military training at... French politician, diplomat, and, from 1835 to 1836, prime minister, who throughout his life campaigned against reactionary forces. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9016583?tocId=9016583   (754 words)      BBC - h2g2 - The Rise of the French Third Republic For these reasons, by 1914, the French Third Republic enjoyed widespread support from the French public, and the country was ready for war with Germany. With MacMahon as President and Broglie as Prime Minister, the 'Republic of Dukes' was formed. The President of the Republic is elected by the plurality of votes cast by the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies united as a National Assembly. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A658000   (2495 words)      The new constitution of the Polish Republic, Pigulki No. 24, March 31, 1998 The new constitution of the Polish Republic, Pigulki No. 24, March 31, 1998 For example, article 4 ("the supreme power in the Polish Republic belongs to the Nation") satisfies the political right, but since the Nation is undefined, constitutional scholars conclude (to the left's content) that the concept means "political community" and thus all the citizens. In article 60, however, the right of equal access to public service is reserved for the Polish citizens enjoying full public rights (going in the opposite direction, article 19 states that the Polish Republic takes "special care of the veterans of freedom fights, and especially the disabled veterans"). http://www.lodz.pdi.net/pigulki/issue24/p24constitution.html   (2495 words)      Czech Republic - Encyclopedia of Political Information According its constitution the Czech Republic is a parliamentary democracy, whose head of state is a president, indirectly elected every five years by the parliament. The republic borders Poland to the north, Germany to the northwest and west, Austria to the south, and Slovakia to the east. The majority of the inhabitants of the Czech Republic (95%) are ethnically Czech and speak Czech, a member of the Slavic languages. http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/Czech_Republic.htm   (2495 words)      Second Polish Republic - Hotels Travel References The Second Polish Republic, whose borders were fixed in 1921, had an area of 388.6 thousand sq. The same day, the Temporary Peoples Government of the Republic of Poland was created under Ignacy Daszynski. A third of these were national minorities (10% Jews, 17% Ukrainians and Belorussians, 5% Germans, and 1% percent Lithuanians, Russians and Czechs). http://www.reservation-hotels.voyagenow.com/travel-references/en/wikipedia/s/se/second_polish_republic.html   (2495 words)      The Third French Republic Marie François Sadi Carnot became President of the Republic. The general election held (1877) in virtue of the constitution showed that France was now in favor of a parliamentary republic. It was about this time that republican institutions seemed to be in danger by the extraordinary popular support which General Boulanger secured for a moment and which seemed to be along the pathway which in France led to a dictatorship. http://www.oldandsold.com/articles35/modern-europe-27.shtml   (2442 words)      France: Third Republic (1870-1940) (The President of the Republic shall be elected by the Senate and the Chamber.) The Wallon amendment was adopted by one vote of majority (353/352). The executive power should be exercised by the President of the Republic, irresponsible, elected for seven years by the Congress (Deputies and Senators). There was a royalist majority at the Chamber of Deputees, the President of the Republic was the old royalist Marshal Mac Mahon, and the government was led by the monarchist Duke of Broglie. http://www.fotw.net/flags/fr_third.html   (2442 words)      Encyclopedia4U - History of France - Encyclopedia Article Swiftly replacing the existing constitution with one strengthening the powers of the presidency, he became the elected president in December of that year, inaugurating France's Fifth Republic. Despite the conclusion of a Concordat between France and the Papacy (1516), granting the crown unrivalled power in senior ecclesiastical appointments, France was deeply affected by the Protestant Reformation's attempt to break the unity of Roman Catholic Europe. Nazi Germany occupied three fifth of France's territory leaving the rest to the new Vichy collaboration government established on July 10, 1940 under Henri Philippe Pétain. http://www.encyclopedia4u.com/h/history-of-france.html   (2442 words)      Weimar Republic - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch The Republic's first Reichspräsident ("Reich President"), Friedrich Ebert of the MSPD, signed the new German constitution into law on August 11, 1919. By the Great Depression of the 1930s, the institution of the Republic as such was blamed by many for the economic problems; this is apparent in the election results where the political parties that wanted to disband the Republic altogether on both the right and the left wings made a democratic majority in Parliament impossible. That it caused many to identify the Republic with cuts in social spending and extremely liberal economics is probably safe to say; whether there were alternatives to this policy at the time the Great Depression had reached its full impact is a different question. http://encyclopedia.worldsearch.com/weimar_republic.htm   (2442 words)      A message from Professor Longin Pastusiak, Speaker of the Senate of the Polish Republic, delivered on May 3rd, 2004, A message from Professor Longin Pastusiak, Speaker of the Senate of the Polish Republic, delivered on May 3rd, 2004, A message from Professor Longin Pastusiak, Speaker of the Senate of the Polish Republic, delivered on May 3 In entering the European Community, Poland is joined by its closest neighbours and, with them, by our compatriots in Latvia, Lithuania and the Czech Republic, by Poles in Slovakia and Estonia. http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5eng/wydarz/040502.htm   (2442 words)      POLISH POLITICS IN THE THIRD REPUBLIC - Eastern Europe Program - Center For Strategic & International Studies POLISH POLITICS IN THE THIRD REPUBLIC - Eastern Europe Program - Center For Strategic & International Studies Third, the communist leadership realized that without some major new deal there could be a bloody confrontation with society in which Warsaw could no longer count on Moscow's political support and military intervention. After years of acrimonious debate, in May 1997, 57% of the Polish electorate voted in a referendum for a new constitution that limited presidential powers. http://www.csis.org/ee/Presentations/020607.htm   (2442 words)      Weimar Republic and Third Reich Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg is elected as President of the Republic, following the death of Ebert. The Treaty, drafted by Britain, France, and the United States, is imposed on the protesting German government. The Dawes Plan eases Germany's reparations obligations and leads to an influx of American loans. http://dmorgan.web.wesleyan.edu/materials/weimar.htm   (2442 words)      Central European Civil-Military Relations and NATO Expansion - Chapter IV The third stage commenced with the 9 December 1990 presidential elections which brought Lech Walesa to the presidency and the appointment of Jan Bielecki as the second non-communist prime minister in January 1991. The newly created 100-seat Senate was to serve as a higher deliberative body with veto power over the Sejm (though a two-thirds vote of the Sejm could override the Senate's veto) and, together with the Sejm, to elect the president for a six-year term. Third, with the apparent intention of enhancing the president's role in state affairs, Walesa reorganized the 200 people employed in the Office of the President into four secretariats and expanded its political department. http://www.resdal.org/Archivo/cecm-cap4.htm   (2442 words)      Voivodships of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A voivodship (in Polish województwo) is a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland since the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voivodships_of_Poland   (2442 words)      The Early Third Republic However, with this vote was born the French Third Republic. It said: "The president of the Republic is elected by absolute majority vote of the Senate and Chamber sitting as the National Assembly. In a Republic, the only blueprint was something called a Constitution which was a purely fabricated document that the writers hoped would work. http://www.pvchico.org/~bsilva/projects/france/third_republic/early_third_republic.htm   (2442 words)      President Moskal speech in the Polish Senate From the outset, I cannot refrain from mentioning the fact that in the history of the Third Republic, this is the first discussion between representatives of the leading Polonia organizations with the government of Poland dealing with the fundamental topic of our mutual relations. The issue of Polish-American taxation is still determined by an agreement between the authorities of the Polish Peoples' Republic and the government of the United States, signed in Washington on October 8, 1974. Our correspondence with the Chancellor of the German Federal Republic -- Helmut Kohl -- at the end of 1993, and then hiring a German lawyer to file claims for compensation representing Poles living in America, former prisoners of Nazi camps, before the labor court in Berlin, preceded the later negotiations by several years. http://members.aol.com/poloniasfo/senate.htm   (2442 words)      ICL - Poland - Constitution We call upon all those who will apply this Constitution for the good of the Third Republic to do so paying respect to the inherent dignity of the person, his or her right to freedom, the obligation of solidarity with others, and respect for these principles as the unshakeable foundation of the Republic of Poland. The President of the Republic shall appoint the Council of Ministers so chosen and accept the oaths of office of its members. Hereby establish this Constitution of the Republic of Poland as the basic law for the State, based on respect for freedom and justice, cooperation between the public powers, social dialogue as well as on the principle of aiding in the strengthening the powers of citizens and their communities. http://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/pl00000_.html   (2442 words)      Hist-465.htm Sanford Elwitt, The Third Republic Defended: Bourgeois Reform in France, 1890-1914. Herman Lebovics, The Alliance of Iron and Wheat in the Third French Republic, 1860-1914. Brogan was a professor of political science at Cambridge University and this large (800pp) book still provides a very helpful introduction to the basic facts of the political history of the Third Republic -- although it is utterly out-of-date in terms of modern scholarship. http://www.umsl.edu/~hisshaus/Hist-465.htm   (4752 words)      France: Third Republic (1870-1940) - Presidential standards He supported the first president of the Third Republic Adolphe Thiers and was Minister of the Interior in 1871-1872. On 17 January 1913, Poincaré was elected President of the Republic by the Congress, and immediatly attempted to increase the power of the President. On 24 June 1894, President of the Republic Sadi-Carnot was murdered in Lyon by the Italian anarchist Caserio. http://www.fotw.net/flags/fr_thirp.html   (4752 words)      The new constitution of the Polish Republic, Pigulki No. 24, March 31, 1998 The new constitution of the Polish Republic, Pigulki No. 24, March 31, 1998 Third, a different kind of technopark should be introduced to enable Polish software production to be more competitive. However, the agreement does guarantee that Polish taxpayers are not stuck with the bill for educating people who prefer to work in California, Massachusetts, the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, France or elsewhere immediately after finishing school. http://www.lodz.pdi.net/pigulki/issue24/p24jumpstart.html   (4752 words)      The Fourth Republic in France between 1946 and 1958 It was in many ways a revival of the Third Republic which had ruled before the Second World War. France adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic on October 13, 1946. It was the period where they were under France's fourth republican constitution. http://www.bonjourlafrance.net/france-history/fourth-republic.htm   (4752 words)      Weimar Republic and Third Reich Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg is elected as President of the Republic, following the death of Ebert. A Soviet Republic in Bavaria is the most dramatic of a series of revolts and military conflicts during the spring between government troops and radical workers. The Empire collapses, the Kaiser abdicates, and a republic is proclaimed. http://dmorgan.web.wesleyan.edu/materials/weimar.htm   (4752 words)      A short history of France When France loses the French-German war, this leads in 1871 to the third French Republic, a republican parliamentary democracy. Throughout its seventy-year history, the Third Republic stumbles from crisis to crisis, from collapsing governments. This right-left "cohabitation" arrangement, which ended with Jospin's resignation following his defeat in the first round of the May 2002 presidential elections, is the longest lasting government in the history of the Fifth Republic. http://www.electionworld.org/history/france.htm   (924 words)

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