|
| |
| | Movements, Misleaders and the Role of Revolutionaries: Spartacist Anti-LRP Polemics Backfire |
 | | In fact, the Spartacists have made a big deal out of the fact that they defended U.S. court decisions to integrate schools and called on judges to extend busing for integration to suburban schools. | | | Readers of PR may remember that in 1994, when Democratic Party liberals decided to participate in a protest against the Ku Klux Klan in Illinois, Spartacist praise was positively effusive. | | | In the imperialist countries it leads to criminal abstention from the class struggle; in the "third world" it leads to a repulsive indifference to the persecution and struggles of the oppressed. |
|
http://www.lrp-cofi.org/PR/SLPR67.html
(4293 words)
|
|
| |
| | International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Lyndon LaRouche who would later become prominent fascist leader of the LaRouche movement was briefly a member of the Revolutionary Tendency and the Spartacist League. | | | Sect appeal Scott McLemee of Salon on the entertainment value of the 1996 split in the ICL. | | | The most prominent section of the ICL is in the United States, and there are smaller sections in Mexico, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Africa, Australia, Greece and the United Kingdom. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Spartacist_Tendency
(1871 words)
|
|
| |
| | Overthrow.com |
| | They have had to contend with the repressive implications of the shift to the right in the United States as well as with the existence of a new variety of oppositional social and political movements. | | | It does so noncritically and it specifically supported the FDR's decision to call for an unconditional dialogue with the government of El Salvador.[32] The Spartacists rejected any negotiations and attacked "bourgeois politicians" in the FDR for trying to sell out the revolution through negotiations. | | | Moreover, the Spartacist position on Cuba was not received well within the Left in the United States. |
|
http://www.overthrow.com/lsn/news.asp?articleID=407
(6601 words)
|
|
| |
| | Communism Research Wiki: Spartacist League |
| | In 1968, Geoff White would resign from the Spartacist League over their attitude towards the Peace and Freedom Party, a radical third-party intended as an alternative to the Democrats and Republicans. | | | The Spartacist League initially had two main concentrations - the New York branch, led by James Robertson, and the Bay Area branch, led by Geoff White. | | | The Spartacist League was founded in 1964 after being expelled from the Socialist Workers Party. |
|
http://www.yardley.ca/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?Spartacist_League
(384 words)
|
|
| |
| | Communism Research Wiki: Internationalist Group |
| | Norden was charged with breaking the party's monopoly on its members' political activity - in other words, he acted on his own. | | | New York Spartacist member Marjorie Stamberg was expelled for the same reason. | | | The Spartacist League claimed the Liga Quarta-Internacionalista had failed to publish a newspaper or build a Trotskyist party; the truth, of course, is bitterly contested. |
|
http://www.yardley.ca/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?Internationalist_Group
(239 words)
|
|
| |
| | Internationalist Group -- Reforge the Fourth International! |
| | Imperialist war criminals are about to launch an Armageddon on the Tigris and Euphrates. | | | After the ritual debate and rubber-stamp approval from Congress, there will be a similar charade in the United Nations. | | | The Internationalist Group and League for the Fourth International denounce this act of naked state terrorism. |
|
http://www.internationalist.org
(2035 words)
|
|
| |
| | Editorials |
| | And, in the cases above, they acted this way even though the FSP was attempting to support work the Spartacists headed up. | | | The point of being a revolutionary is to change the world, not to isolate one’s self from it in "sectarian purity" (Cannon again). | | | The Spartacist League knows the FSP well enough to realize this is rubbish, but it serves their purpose: to condemn every other socialist group as "fake leftists," 99 percent of the time for the sin of reformism. |
|
http://www.socialism.com/fsarticles/vol23no1/Editorials.html
(726 words)
|
|
| |
| | BULLETIN OF THE EXTERNAL TENDENCY OF THE iSt No. 4 |
| | On Monday, 3 December when the Executive Board of Local 10 was faced with a federal injunction, the united front did indeed split. | | | This too was ruled out of order and the motion to scuttle the boycott passed with Keylor, Gow and two others opposed. | | | In the old days one of the stories oft recounted in the SL to illustrate the limitless bureaucratism and all-round unpleasantness of life in the Workers League was how Wohlforth had once expelled several of his members because he had been made to sleep on a couch when visiting their branch. |
|
http://www.bolshevik.org/ETB/ETB4/ETB4.htm
(18991 words)
|
|
| |
| | ICL 'Anti-American' Baits IG |
| | They only want to “give peace a chance” to accomplish the same aims as the war unleashed by U.S. president Bush and his deputy sheriff, British prime minister Tony Blair. | | | In the Vietnam War in the 1960s and early ’70s, the Afghanistan war and Central American civil wars of the 1980s and the Persian Gulf War of 1990-91, the SL/ICL called for defeat of U.S. imperialism and stood on the side of the countries and insurgencies Washington was attacking. | | | Compare the SL’s recent articles with the Spartacist supplement (July 1971) titled “Against NPAC Pop Fronts: For Class Action Against the War”. |
|
http://www.internationalist.org/iclantiamericanbaits.html
(3270 words)
|
|
| |
| | Spartacist League versus Trotskyism |
| | You ought to investigate the history of LaRouche and the National Caucus of Labor Committees. | | | But a few years ago they applauded the middle class subway rider in New York who became terrified of some black hooligans, pulled out a gun and shot four of them right on the train. | | | I fully appreciate the fact that you are searching for a true Marxist revolutionary movement. |
|
http://www.mit.edu/people/fjk/essays/spartacist.html
(544 words)
|
|
| |
| | Marxists Writers Archive |
| | Main exponent of “Council Communism&; and opponent of idea of Revolution being led by a political party. | | | Karl Liebknecht did that openly from the rostrum of parliament (the Reichstag) [of which he was a deputy – he was the only member of government to do so]." Assassinated by the German military. | | | Originally close collaborator of Lenin, split with him in 1093 and became leading Left Menshevik and critic of Bolshevism. |
|
http://www.marxists.org/archive/index.htm
(2038 words)
|
|
| |
| | We Are Trotskyists And We Know How To Rap |
| | This is an extraordinary example of what new age ideologists call the Hundreth Monkey effect. | | | However, it was clear throught he documentation, that the Spartacists had essentially abandoned a working class focus, and here and there had actually taken up the orientation and slogans of their Stalinist and New Left opponents... | | | We are willing to judge them by their own Marxist/Leninist/ Trotskyist standards. |
|
http://www.angelfire.com/ca/gentrotsky
(2731 words)
|
|
| |
| | 1919 - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia |
| | January 1 - Edsel Ford succeeds his father as head of the Ford Motor Company | | | February 1 - The first Miss America is crowned (New York City). | | | January 25 - The League of Nations is founded |
|
http://encyclopedia.learnthis.info/1/19/1919.html
(1189 words)
|
|
| |
| | SL Rejects Calls for Labor Strikes Against U.S. War Moves |
| | Shortly after, Alaska senator Ernest Gruening began speaking at anti-war protests. | | | Spartacist CC members argue in Boston against calling for labor strikes because you have to be “serious” about it. | | | Outside the New York forum another long-time SL cadre argued that Spartacist had not called for labor strikes against the Vietnam War at first, because it would not have had “resonance” then. |
|
http://www.internationalist.org/laborstrikes005.html
(1622 words)
|
|
| |
| | Spartacist League Trotskyists on China: a Maoist Review |
| | (Available from the Spartacist Publishing Company, Box 1377 GPO, New York, NY 10116) | | | They wrote: "the Chinese government signed on to a declaration of the 'peaceful coexistence' pledging ' non-interference' in the affairs of the neocolonial bourgeois states." "The most disastrous fruits of China's non-aggression pact with the bourgeois nationalists were seen in Indonesia in 1965. | | | The Spartacist upholds the typical Trotskyist line that China is a deformed workers state: something that is not capitalism but is also not socialism. |
|
http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/wim/wyl/trots/spartschina.html
(3887 words)
|
|
| |
| | American Red Groups |
| | See the number of votes the Socialist Party has received in Presidential elections. | | | League of Revolutionaries for a New America: Founded in 1968 as the California Communist League by Nelson Peery and his supporters (former members of the Communist Party USA). | | | The SWP paper, The Militant, became one of the key papers of the American Left. |
|
http://reds.linefeed.org/groups.html
(6783 words)
|
|
| |
| | Spartacist League |
| | The Spartacist League or Spartakusbund was an extreme left-wing movement in Germany during and just after World War I. It was named after Spartacus, leader of the largest slave rebellion in the classical period. | | | This article is about the Spartacist League which existed in post- First World War Germany. | | | A League of Their Own Posters League of Gentlemen Posters League of Frightened Men, The Posters Major League Posters League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, The Posters Justice League (Television) Posters Justice League (Comic Book) Posters |
|
http://www.serebella.com/encyclopedia/article-Spartacist_League.html
(813 words)
|
|
| |
| | P4 I. The Spartacist League and the trade unions |
| | This paragraph reveals the diametrically opposed social and political tendencies embodied in the Spartacist League, on the one hand, and, on the other, the International Committee and the Socialist Equality Party in the United States. | | | This is of a piece with its defense of a national program for the working class. | | | Spartacist writes: "But let us imagine what would have happened if organized labor had sought to organize New York City's working people and appealed to the dispossessed population of New York's ghettos and barrios to actively support the heavily minority and immigrant building workers". |
|
http://www.wsws.org/exhibits/slreply/part4-1.shtml
(7164 words)
|
|
| |
| | An Exchange witht the Spartacist League |
| | This letter was spurred by the new round of polemics between the SL and the League for the Revolutionary Party. | | | It is on this basis that Arabs and Jews, Christians and Druze can live side by side in a united Palestine in a Socialist Federation of the Mideast. | | | Our comrade in the Socialist Workers League of Palestine offers his take on the polemic. |
|
http://www.workersaction.org/Spartacist.html
(3221 words)
|
|
| |
| | Spartacist League defends "military support" for Hussein's tyranny |
| | Down with the two war parties!'' The Marxist-Lenininst Party replied to the Spartacist League in a three-part series. | | | To defend the Teamsters against government union-busters you have to politically support the corrupt sellout bureaucracy? | | | The Spartacist League calls for labor political strikes against the bipartisan imperialist war! |
|
http://home.flash.net/~comvoice/WAS9102SL.html
(631 words)
|
|
| |
| | Spartacist League statement |
| | Spartacist have their own version of schizophrenia Quite rightly they do not advocate a vote for the Labour Party, which they call New Labour, but rather advise people to vote for Arthur Scargill and his Socialist Labour Party. | | | In the general election the Spartacist League says no vote to Labour, which promises only to carry out more of the same racist, anti-working-class policies they have dished out over the past four years, and we say no vote to the Socialist Alliance whose campaign is subordinate to getting Labour re-elected. | | | This month Livingstone and Blair unleashed thousands of cops on May Day protesters in London, The Spartacist League says: Defend the May Day protesters! |
|
http://homepage.ntlworld.com/preptalk/Sparts.htm
(1597 words)
|
|
| |
| | No U.S./UN/EU Intervention in the Near East! U.S. Hands Off Iraq! : SF Indymedia |
| | Statement of the Spartacist League/U.S., 30 March 2002 | | | It is widely recognized that Bush’s recent turn to a diplomatic solution is purely in the service of a massive U.S. attack on Iraq. | | | The international working class must urgently rally to the defense of the Palestinian people against the Zionist military terror machine. |
|
http://sf.indymedia.org/print.php?id=120124
(931 words)
|
|
| |
| | Glossary of Organisations: Sp |
| | In January 1, 1919 the League became the Communist Party of Germany. | | | In April 1917, the Spartacists joined with the Independent Social-Democratic Party of Germany, but remained organisationally independent. | | | During the November revolution of 1918, the group became the Spartacus League, issuing their own programme (on December 14) and broke with the Independents. |
|
http://www.marxists.org.uk/glossary/orgs/s/p.htm
(202 words)
|
|
| |
| | International Communist League |
| | The origins of the ICL are in the Spartacist League/U.S., which began as the Revolutionary Tendency in the SWP and was bureaucratically expelled in 1963. | | | We also look to James P. Cannon, a leader of the early American Communist Party who was won to Trotskyism and went on to become a principal founder of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP), working in close collaboration with Leon Trotsky. | | | It is about the U.S. government lies of Saddam Hussein’s “weapons of mass destruction” that were a pretext for the bloody U.S. war and occupation of Iraq, which Miller and the Times shamelessly purveyed. |
|
http://www.spartacist.org
(303 words)
|
|
| |
| | trot list |
| | League for the Revolutionary Party Journal: Proletarian Revolution (US$7/8 issues, US$15/overseas. | | | (NOTE: Headquartered with the Spartacist League in New York). | | | INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST LEAGUE (Fourth Internationalist) Brief Description: Until recently, the International Spartacist Tendency, they orginate in an early sixties split in the US SWP and are orthodox Trotskyist in orientation, with a focus on party building and line struggle. |
|
http://www.leninism.org/pof/discuss-may97/trotlist.htm
(1974 words)
|
|
| |
| | Young Reds |
| | Young People's Socialist League: Founded in 1931 in New York City by Norman Thomas and the Socialist Party of America for the purpose of promoting the ideals of Democratic Socialism among the youth of Depression-era America. | | | Angered by what capitalism had done to the United States, many young adults joined YPSL. | | | Spartacus Youth Club: Founded in 1969 by the Spartacist League as the Revolutionary Marxist Caucus of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). |
|
http://reds.linefeed.org/youth.html
(1273 words)
|
|
| |
| | SALON Media Circus |
| | The Spartacists, who may best be termed "fundamentalist Trotskyists," have a flair for logic-chopping, and for mercilessly ridiculing their opponents, who are many. | | | It seems that a couple of years back, the Spartacists established fraternal ties with a group of Brazilian metalworkers. | | | In the friendliest possible way, the Spartacists encouraged the Brazilians to purge the cops from their union — until just about the time Norden and his dinner companions were expelled. |
|
http://www.salon.com/feb97/media/media970206.html
(1239 words)
|
|
| |
| | Pamphlets from the LRP and COFI |
| | A selection of articles from publications of the League for the Revolutionary Party on the Spartacist League and its politics. | | | League for the Revolutionary Party versus the Spartacist League | | | Complete transcript of the Debate between the League for the Revolutionary Party and the Spartacist League |
|
http://www.lrp-cofi.org/pamphlets.html
(233 words)
|
|
| |
| | Spartacist League/PDC Protest Crackdown on IndyMedia : LA IMC |
| | The Spartacist League, revolutionary Trotskyist party, and its fraternal political prisoner defense organization, the Partisan Defense Committee have protested the assaults on IndyMedia through their newspaper, Workers Vanguard. | | | Spartacist League/PDC Protest Crackdown on IndyMedia : LA IMC | | | Opinions are those of the contributors and are not necessarily endorsed by the Los Angeles Indpendent Media Center. |
|
http://la.indymedia.org/print.php?id=118588
(812 words)
|
|
| |
| | Peace Wars -college anti war groups battle each other. (loooooooooong) |
| | The Spartacist, however, will not be denied his sales pitch. | | | He snipes at rival socialist groups, derides Democrats as the "class enemy," and concludes his tirade with the expected hard sell for the Spartacist way of life: "Joining forces with the working class in the fight for proletarian revolution is the only way to end capitalist oppression." | | | Aside from one moment of comic relief ("The best hope for the women in Afghanistan was the Russian Army in 1917 -- I mean, 1979") his speech is more antagonistic than anti-war. |
|
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/fr/609891/posts
(905 words)
|
|
| |
| | Workers Vanguard |
| | Such is the “democracy” that the American imperialist state, already a prison house for the black population at home, declares it has brought to Iraq. | | | The extension of democratic rights to the rest of the population, and in particular to the oppressed black masses, has required massive social and class struggle and even civil war. | | | In the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, the Spartacist League took a side for the military defense of these countries against imperialist attack. |
|
http://www.icl-fi.org/english/wv
(3524 words)
|
|
| |
| | Trotskyist "Spartacist League"on MLP's refutation ofthe "Defend Iraq" slogan |
| | The unnamed chief culprit was the genuinely Trotskyist Spartacist League which uniquely and forthrightly defended Iraq against imperialist attack. | | | We took the MLP (and other left groups who flinched at defense of Iraq) to task in our article "Down With the Two War Parties!" in WV Nol. | | | Last fall the Spartacist League, in going after pseudo-socialists who refused to defend Iraq ("The Left and the Persian Gulf/Desperately Seeking Imperialist Doves," WV No. |
|
http://home.flash.net/~comvoice/WAS9104SL.html
(2914 words)
|
|
| |
| | commiewatch |
| | I suppose the IBT can be pleased with itself for getting the staff at Workers Vanguard headquarters in trouble with their supreme leader - apparently Robertson is not pleased that he was never informed of his editors' decisions to extract the Turd-laden 'P.S.' Look at this quote, from the Sparts' latest paper: | | | According to the IBT, twenty-five years ago, back in 1978, Spartacist League leader James Robertson purportedly called the Kurdish people not Kurds, but 'Turds'. | | | Comrade Robertson is a member of the Editorial Board and Spartacist League National Chairman, and was personally the target of the BT slander. |
|
http://yardley.blogspot.com/2003_08_01_yardley_archive.html
(4297 words)
|
|
| |
| | Reason: What Democracy Looks Like: Do protests matter? |
| | I watched one agitator for the Trotskyite Spartacist League inveigh briefly against Bush before launching into a long and venomous harangue against John Kerry and the Democratic Party, which was (she averred) sapping support for a truly revolutionary workers' party. | | | In light of public attitudes toward protesters, that may be a sound strategy. |
|
http://www.reason.com/links/links090804.shtml
(855 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | Although a supporter of the Spartacists, I will also point out the mistakes you made in response to the IBT. | | | International Bolshevik Tendency vs. Spartacist League/U.S. I stumbled across this interesting debate between International Bolshevik Tendency ("IBT") and Spartacist League/U.S. ("SL") that took place in the days after September 11. | | | Ah, that's why Marxists oppose terrorism ("it substitutes the acts of a tiny handful for the conscious activity of the working class"). |
|
http://www.oscarjr.us/archives/000176.html
(1642 words)
|
|
| |
| | Letter to Spartacist League |
| | We congratulate you for the Spartacist League's (SL) role in ensuring that the KKK provocation in New York City on 23 October was met by mass protest. | | | At the PDC rally, a couple of pro-socialist political opponents of the SL (Emily Woo Yamasaki of Radical Women and Roy Rollin of Staten Island's College Voice) were called on, but none of the SL's more serious competitors (i.e., the Internationalist Group, the League for the Revolutionary Party and ourselves) were permitted to speak. | | | A demonstration organized on a more inclusive, united-front basis that gave other groups the chance to take part in the planning and building of an anti-KKK rally might have helped undercut this sectarian response. |
|
http://www.bolshevik.org/Leaflets/SL_KKK.htm
(1537 words)
|
|
| |
| | Stalinism and the Spartacist League - An exchange on the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan |
| | The approach of the Spartacist League is to make a formal equation between the Soviet Union, the product of a mighty revolution and bitter civil war, and a puppet state set up the counterrevolutionary Soviet bureaucracy decades later. | | | in the form of a polemic against the political positions of the Spartacist League] | | | The Spartacist League is a middle class group whose political trajectory has taken it from Trotskyism to pro-Stalinism, because it has written off the possibility of a genuine revolutionary perspective. |
|
http://www.wsws.org/correspo/1998/july1998/afgh-j28.shtml
(580 words)
|
|
| |
| | Trotskyism |
| | Three smaller Trotskyist groups are the Spartacist League (see International Spartacist Tendency), the League for the Fifth International (in Great Britain consisting of Workers Power) and Socialist Alternative in Canada. |
|
http://www.wikiverse.org/trotskyism
(572 words)
|
|
| |
| | Globalization and the International Working Class: A Marxist Assessment |
| | According to Spartacist, the economic and political power of the nation-state remains undiminished. | | | The International Committee's statement painstakingly evaluates the bitter historical experiences of the working class with the trade unions and national liberation movements and with Stalinism as practiced in the former Soviet Union and China. | | | On this basis, it maintains that organizations based on a national perspective, including the trade unions and the national movements, provide the only viable perspective for the working class. |
|
http://dev.wsws.org/exhibits/slreply
(257 words)
|
|
| |
| | Rosa Luxemburg - Polish Marxist revolutionary |
| | 1916: With Karl Liebknecht, co-founder of the Spartacist league (Spartakusbund) within the German Social Democratic Party (SPD), in response to the SPD's failure to oppose nationalism and World War I | | | After the Bolshevik revolution, warned that Lenin's method of giving power to the party instead of the workers' organizations (soviets) would lead to undemocratic and bureaucratic results. | | | 1918: With Liebknecht, co-founder of the German Communist Party (KPD; Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands) based on principles of the Spartacist league |
|
http://www.deleonism.org/rosa-luxemburg-quotations.htm
(1276 words)
|
|
| |
| | Spartacist League: Genesis of Pabloism |
| | The destruction of the Fourth International by Pabloist revisionism, paralleled by organizational fracturing into numerous competing international blocs, necessitates unremitting struggle for its rebirth. | | | The following essay on the history of the Trotskyist movement after Trotsky appeared in Spartacist No. 21 (Fall 1972). | | | The American Socialist Workers Party and the European Pabloists travelled at different rates along different paths to revisionism, to converge in uneasy alliance in the early 1960's in an unprincipled "reunification," which has now broken down as the American SWP has completed the transition from Pabloist centrism to outright reformism. |
|
http://www.marxistsfr.cjb.net/history/etol/document/ibt/ibt06.htm
(7078 words)
|
|
| |
| | Marxism message, Re: Spartacist League |
| | Re: Spartacist League, Louis R Godena Tue 09 Jul 1996, 14:52 GMT | | | Re: Spartacist League, Ross James Swanston Thu 11 Jul 1996, 12:43 GMT | | | Re: Spartacist League, Louis N Proyect Tue 09 Jul 1996, 15:46 GMT |
|
http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/marxism/1996-07-11.034/msg00050.htm
(343 words)
|
|
| |
| | Louis Proyect: Reflections on the Nicaraguan Revolution |
| | If the big farms had been expropriated, it is assumed that the revolution would have been strengthened. | | | Virtually all the self-proclaimed "Marxist-Leninist" formations, from the Spartacist League to more influential groups like the ISO, believe that the revolution collapsed because it was not radical enough. | | | If the ruling class is worried that capitalism is being threatened in a place like Nicaragua, they generally know what they are talking about. |
|
http://www.counterpunch.org/proyect07272004.html
(2956 words)
|
|
| |
| | Spartacist League proclaims prostitution consensual |
| | In their Spring 2004 issue of "Women and Revolution" in The Spartacist, the Spartacist League features an article entitled: "Anti-Immigrant, Anti-Woman, Anti-Sex: U.S./UN Crusade Against 'Sex Trafficking.'" The Sparts correct criticism of the Bush administration's anti-immigrant motivation for fighting sex-trafficking can't make up for its pro-patriarchy line on sex. | | | As such the discussion of gender apart from the organization of work known as the mode of production is necessary as part of any elaboration of the fundamental contradiction of oppression that Mao spoke of." | | | Their analysis can be summarized with a quote from the article: "Kidnapping, debt bondage, sexual assault, beatings -- for any purpose -- are horrible crimes. |
|
http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/wim/wyl/trots/sparts.html
(2537 words)
|
|
| |
| | [cssn] Spartacist League/Spartacus Youth Club Forum: Defend the Palestinian People! |
| | [cssn] Spartacist League/Spartacus Youth Club Forum: Defend the Palestinian People! | | | Message-ID: <1019507874.3cc474a28bff4@cubmail.cc.columbia.edu> Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 16:37:54 -0400 (EDT) From: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit User-Agent: IMP/PHP IMAP webmail program 2.2.0-pre13 X-Originating-IP: 128.59.37.189 Sender: owner-cssn@columbia.edu Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Spartacist League/Spartacus Youth Club Forum Defend the Palestinian People! |
|
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cssn/cssn-list/2002/04/00232.html
(448 words)
|
|
|
