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| | A Desperate Democracy Disregarded - foreign intervention if the Spanish Civil War |
 | | The main reason, though, that the Spanish Republic lost the civil war of 1936-1939 was because the United States, Great Britain, and France remained neutral while Germany and Italy sent massive aid to the fascist rebellion. | | | The United States refrained from aiding the Spanish Republic for several reasons. | | | Hull greatly influenced President Franklin Roosevelt's decisions on foreign policy. |
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http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/spain/intervention.html
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| | Chapter 25: A History of Spain and Portugal, vol. 2 |
| | The climax came with the passage of the Republican constitution in the autumn of 1931. | | | When the writing of the Republican constitution was completed in December, Azaña's predecessor as prime minister, the Catholic moderate Alcalá Zamora, was elected to the presidency of the Republic. | | | The leading representative of Spanish conservatism was the new Catholic confederation, CEDA, led by a young law professer from Salamanca, José Ma. |
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http://libro.uca.edu/payne2/payne25.htm
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| | Twilight of New Spanish Texas |
| | Ripley was invited by Long's Supreme Council of the Republic of Texas to become President and ex-officio Commander in Chief of the armies and navies. | | | Texas was decimated during the death throes of the royal government and its successful attempts to repel illegal immigration, filibustering and independence movements. | | | In fall 1816, José Manuel Herrerra proclaimed a government on Galveston Island as part of the Mexican Republic and appointed Louis Michel Aury, a one-time associate of Simón Bolívar, as governor and naval chief. |
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http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/Spain3.htm
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| | bowen/spanish |
| | No fewer than ten different men held the office of Foreign Minister during the five years of the Republic, and many of the diplomatic posts remained in the hands of monarchist diplomats who had served the king and dictator Primo de Rivera in the decades before 1931. | | | Spain also gained one of ten seats on the Permanent Court of International Justice, elected in 1921 to serve until 1930. | | | Despite this engagement, when a rebellion erupted in 1936, led by General Francisco Franco, none of Spain& democratic partners supported the Republic’s requests for military and diplomatic support. |
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http://www.mille.org/publications/winter2001/Bowen.html
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| | Elections in the Dominican Republic |
| | The country is a presidential democratic republic, divided in 29 provinces and 1 district. | | | The Congreso de la República (Congress of the Republic) has two chambers. | | | The Cámara de Diputados (Chamber of Deputies) has 150 members, elected for a four year term by proportional representation in each of the provinces. |
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http://www.electionworld.org/dominicanrepublic.htm
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| | Spanish Civil War |
| | The Nationalists (the rightist opponents of the Second Republic government) soon took up arms against the Republicans (the antimonarchist supporters of the Second Republic). | | | From 1936-1939, a civil war raged in Spain between those loyal to the newly established Republican government and those who favored a conservative, militaristic system. | | | Throughout the autumn, the Nationalists won major battles, consolidated their power, and appointed Franco commander-in-chief and head of state. |
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http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/abouteleanor/q-and-a/glossary/spanish-civil-war.htm
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| | La Cucaracha Spanish Civil War 1936-1939 Site |
| | This is a scan of a painting his father, a former Republican soldier, had. | | | The fate of a Republican soldier after the Spanish Civil War. | | | He doesn`t believe in anything anymore, lost all his ideals, hopes and illusions seeing the leading democratic nations (US, GB and France) acting in favor of the Fascists against the Spanish Republic, Austria and Czechoslovakia. |
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http://www.lacucaracha.info/scw
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| | The Spanish Civil War: An Overview--by Cary Nelson |
| | Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War (Revised and enlarged edition, New York: Harper and Row, 1977). | | | Gabriel Jackson, A Concise History of the Spanish Civil War (New York: John Day, 1974). | | | They appealed to fascist dictatorships in Italy, Germany, and Portugal for assistance, and they soon began receiving both men and supplies from Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, and Antonio Salazar. |
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http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/scw/overview.htm
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| | Second Spanish Republic -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | The (Click link for more info and facts about Straperlo) Straperlo (A disgraceful event) scandal undermined the confidence in (A person who takes a position in the political center) centrist republican parties and led to (The phenomenon in which waves of light or other radiation are restricted in direction of vibration) polarization. | | | Only 36 years later, on Franco's death in 1975, did Spain revert to a royal head of state. | | | This led to a republican- (A political advocate of socialism) socialist government under (Click link for more info and facts about Manuel Azaña) Manuel Azaña. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/s/se/second_spanish_republic.htm
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| | Abe Lincoln Brigade |
| | They agreed to a nonintervention pact and the United States embargoed aid to the Spanish belligerents, policies intended to de-escalate the war but whose selective enforcement undermined the Republic. | | | Throughout the war, a vociferous political and cultural movement in America rallied to the Republic by raising money for medical aid and demanding an end to the embargo. | | | The Wound in the Heart: America and the Spanish Civil War. |
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http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/abe-brigade.html
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| | Spanish civil war. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
| | This traditional Spanish separatism asserted itself particularly in republican territory and hindered effective military organization. | | | The Basques too sided with the republicans to protect their local liberties. | | | See F. Borkenau, The Spanish Cockpit (1937); G. Orwell, Homage to Catalonia (1938); G. Brenan, The Spanish Labyrinth (1943); H. Thomas, The Spanish Civil War (1961); R. Rosenstone, Crusade of the Left (1969); R. Carr, ed., The Republic and the Civil War in Spain (1971); G. Jackson, The Spanish Republic and the Civil War (1965). |
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http://www.bartleby.com/65/sp/Spanciv.html
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| | Spanish-Republic Exiliates in World War II |
| | Homage to the Spanish Republicans victims of Mauthausen. | | | Spanish Republicans at forced labor in the quarry at Mauthausen. | | | Mauthausen survivors cheer the soldiers of the Second Armored Division of the U.S. Third Army one day after their actual liberation. |
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http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~chema/republica/exilio.en.html
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| | Long Live the Spanish Socialist Republic |
| | As a result the Spanish people were being defeated in one decisive battle after another with great losses. | | | It has been found that the bourgeois Republicans in the government have sabotaged every inch of the way. | | | This must inevitably mean civil war in French Morocco and the spreading of the entire war throughout the whole colonial world. |
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http://www.weisbord.org/LongLive.htm
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| | Spain: Maoist articles |
| | Hitchens' verbal flatulence about the Spanish Civil War is evidence of the beginning of his transition into a fifth columnist for the neo-cons at least three years ago. | | | Here is what Hitchens said about the Spanish Republican cause: | | | Only Stalin is accused of using the Spanish Re publicans for his own purposes. |
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http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/countries/spain/spcivwar1.html
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| | Working Class Women in the 1931-39 Spanish Republic |
| | In the 1931 Constitution, women won the right to vote, and also the right to be elected to any public office. | | | At that time its president was Dolores Ibarruri (more famously known as 'La Pasionaria'). | | | However, Stalinism in denying the perspective of a Spanish Socialist Revolution, subordinated all actions of the proletariat to the bourgeois democratic republic, and this had its practical consequences in the politics of the UMA. |
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http://www.marxist.com/women/wom_in_span_rep301.html
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| | Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939) |
| | No mention is made in Calvo and Grávalos 1983 to a yacht ensign during the Second Republic, a hypothesis would be the republican triband with a mural crown. | | | The Second Spanish Republic lasted from April 14th 1931 to July 18th 1936 (military uprising) or April 1st 1939 (republican defeat). | | | According to Tomás Rodríguez (Secretary of the SEV), the original Standard of the Republican Presidential Guard could be seen years ago at an exhibition about former president Manuel Azaña and was in deposit at the Moncloa Palace (seat of the Spanish Prime Minister), even if nowadays it seems to have disappeared from there... |
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http://lacucaracha.info/scw/flags/es-1931.html
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| | Texas Governor Accents Improving His Spanish [Free Republic] |
| | Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. | | | Perry and other candidates for statewide office next year said Spanish can be helpful to an elected official, but it is not a necessity. | | | David Sibley, R-Waco, who seeks the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor, has taken two Berlitz courses in Spanish and listens to Spanish-language tapes on long drives. |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3b3a59057a4e.htm
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| | Luis Monguió -- taught Spanish at UC Berkeley |
| | Professor Monguió served in the Spanish Diplomatic and Consular Service and as a private in the Spanish Civil War before moving to the United States in 1939 with his first wife, Helen Arnett Monguió, who died in 1977. | | | Professor Monguió, who died from pneumonia after a long battle with cancer, was a strict but well-loved professor who fought in two wars, the Spanish Civil War for the Army of the Spanish Republic and in World War II for the United States. | | | In 1957, he moved to UC Berkeley where he served as a professor of Spanish until he was forced to retire at the then compulsory retirement age of 67. |
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http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/08/01/BAGAVE104D1.DTL
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| | Level Three |
| | This module is taught through seminars and concentrates on the initial period of the war (July 1936 to May 1937), looking at the military coup of 18 July 1936, the Republican government's response, the outbreak of social revolution in Republican-held territory and the subsequent political struggle for control of the Republican war effort. | | | Helen Graham, The Spanish Republic at War, 1936-1939, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) | | | This module aims to introduce students to the advanced study of the Spanish Civil War - a period which was not only pivotal in the modern history of Spain but which also had a resonance far beyond national boundaries. |
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http://www.shef.ac.uk/history/current_students/undergraduate/modules/level_3/hst321.html
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| | A Moment in Time: Non-Intervention and the Spanish Republic |
| | To their surprise, the disparate factions that backed the Republic, mostly middle-class liberals, socialists, and Communists, aided by working class enthusiasm, vigorously united to resist the dismemberment of the constitutionally elected Republican government. | | | The anticipated quick campaign turned into a civil war that lasted three bloody years and would later seem a full-blown dress rehearsal for World War II. | | | The French, at first, wanted to support the Republic with arms but under intense British pressure, backed off. |
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http://ehistory.osu.edu/world/amit/display.cfm?amit_id=1221
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| | Dominican Republic article - Dominican Republic Spanish representative democracy Caribbean Hispaniola Haiti - ... |
| | Dominican culture is essentially Hispanic, and also has many African, Antilliean, and United States influences. | | | A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative, rule for much of the 20th century — most notably the thirty-two year reign of the military leader Rafael Leónidas Trujillo — lasted until 1961. | | | The country has had a history of changing ownership, with Spain, France, Haiti, Spain again, and the United States taking their turns at ruling Dominican territory amid attempts at independence and self rule. |
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http://www.what-means.com/encyclopedia/Dominican_Republic
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| | Spanish Translation - Translate Spanish Language Translator |
| | In 1640, under Philip IV, the centralist policy of the Count-Duke of Olivares provoked wars in Portugal and Catalonia: Portugal became an independent kingdom again and Catalonia enjoyed some years of French-supported independence, but was quickly returned to the Spanish Crown. | | | Following the victory of the nationalist forces in 1939, General Francisco Franco ruled a nation exhausted politically and economically until his death in 1975. | | | It was only after this war ended and a new dynasty (the French Bourbons) was installed that a centralized Spanish state was established. |
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http://www.translation-services-usa.com/languages/spanish.shtml
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| | The Nation, 01/06/1945 - Future of the Spanish Republic by Negrin, Juan |
| | ...Since as long ago as July, 1936, the government of the Spanish Republic has considered itself without interruption in a state of war with the Axis powers... | | | ...They offered their lives, these Spanish Republicans, and won undying glory at Narvik, in Syria, at Bir Hacheim, in Tunisia, in Normandy, at Paris, with the guerrillas of the French maqws, on the steppes ef Russia, in a. | | | ...for they could handcuff the will of our people and block the peaceful transition from praetorian tyranny to the legal regime of liberty, toleraace, and democracy that -was 'established by -the constitution voted into being by the Spanish people in 1951... |
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http://www.nationarchive.com/Summaries/v160i0001_06.htm
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| | SPANISH REVOLUTION OF 1936 |
| | The CNT's U.S. representative, Spanish-born Maximiliano Olay--veteran of anarchist labor struggles in Cuba and among immigrant cigar-makers in Tampa, Florida, and for many years a leading figure of Chicago's Free Society Group--moved to New York and opened an office for propaganda on lower Fifth Avenue. | | | Manuel Sanroma's site on the Spanish Civil War. | | | The first U.S. study of the Spanish Revolution was Trotskyist Felix Morrow's pamphlet Civil War in Spain (September 1936), followed a little over a year later by his full-length Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Spain. |
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http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/spain-overview.html
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| | Independent Online Edition > Obituaries : app1 |
| | Arriving in Barcelona early in September 1936, less than two months after Franco's putsch against Spain's elected government, Marshall first enlisted with the anti-Fascist militia in Catalonia. | | | David Ronald Marshall, political activist, poet, joiner and civil servant: born Middlesbrough, Yorkshire 27 March 1916; married 1939 Joyce Ritson (died 1975; one son, one daughter); died London 19 October 2005. | | | David Marshall was one of the small band of British volunteers who took up arms to defend Madrid during the early days of the 1936-39 Spanish Civil War. |
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http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article321361.ece
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| | History |
| | The Peninsular War and the Constitution of 1812 | | | The Rise and Fall of the Spanish Empire |
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http://www.sispain.org/english/history
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| | Second Spanish Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Second Spanish Republic (1931 – 1939) was the second and last period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people. | | | Spanish nationalists later pointed at this as an indication that left-wing republicans only supported democracy when they won elections, thus justifying a similar approach from the right. | | | The Second Republic began on 14 April 1931 after the abdication of King Alfonso XIII, following local and municipal elections in which republican candidates won the majority of votes in urban areas. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic
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| | Background on the Spanish Civil War |
| | Spanish Site for History of the Civil War | | | Francoist Repression During the Spanish Civil War 1936-1939 | | | With References to the Spanish Civil War and appeasement policies of Chamberlin. |
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http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/9820/spain4.html
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| | International Paintings and Sculpture Elegy to the Spanish Republic |
| | Lorca was killed a year later, in 1936, by the Fascists at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. | | | It was in the early 1950s that Motherwell began to use the generic title Elegy to the Spanish Republic to mark this significant body of his work. | | | Motherwell's Elegies to the Spanish Republic is a collective title that describes a body of work that occupied the artist for over forty years from the late 1940s to his death in 1991. |
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http://www.nga.gov.au/International/Catalogue/Detail.cfm?IRN=187644&BioArtistIRN=22859&MnuID=SRCH&GalID=ALL
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| | The Spanish Republic at War 1936—1939 - Cambridge University Press |
| | Building the war effort, building the state for total war, September 1936 — February 1937; 4. | | | This is a new and comprehensive analysis of the forces of the Spanish left - interpreted broadly - during the civil war of 1936—9, and the first of its kind for more than thirty years. | | | The Spanish Republic at War 1936—1939 - Cambridge University Press |
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http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/print.asp?isbn=0521453143&print=y
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| | Powell's Books - The Ebro 1938: Death Knell of the Spanish Republic by Chris Henry |
| | The Yom Kippur War 1973 (2: The Sinai | | | The last major Republican offensive of the Spanish Civil war, the Battle of the Ebro was a vitally important episode in the Spanish conflict and, although ultimately a Republican defeat it proved a severe setback for the Nationalist forces under General Francesco Franco. | | | Ultimately however it was probably the death knell of the Republic; their armies lost vast amounts of men and materials and they were left incapable of defending their remaining territory effectively. |
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http://www.powells.com/biblio?isbn=0275982777
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| | Second Spanish Republic : 2nd Spanish republic |
| | Azaña's government ended in February, 1939 and the Republic ended the same day that General Franco and his troops took Madrid (April 1st, 1939) A dictatorship called in Spanish Franquismo was established, lasting from 1939 - 1975. | | | The Republic suffered a terrible crisis when General Francisco Franco attempted a coup on July 18th, 1936, the date when the Spanish Civil War began. | | | The Second Spanish Republic (1931 - 1939) was the second period of Spanish history in which the power and state was dominated by the people. |
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http://www.termsdefined.net/2n/2nd-spanish-republic.html
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| | Robert Motherwell |
| | At the end of the war, which the northern states won, many people gained their freedom with the abolishment of slavery. | | | This ended many of the liberties that existed under the Spanish Republic mentioned in Motherwell's title. | | | Motherwell created more than one hundred paintings referring to the Spanish Civil War, which took place from 1936 to 1939 (the #34 in the title tells us that this work is the thirty-fourth one that he did). |
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http://www.albrightknox.org/ArtStart/sMotherwell.html
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| | Spanish Civil War |
| | Spanish Civil War index from Canadian Forces College | | | Spanish Civil War maps from World War II maps of the Animated Atlas Project and Glyn Harris | | | The object of the bombardment was seemingly the demoralisation of the civil population and the destruction of the cradle of the Basque race." However, Hugh Thomas in his 1961 book The Spanish Civil War, and Phillip Knightley in his 1975 book The First Casualty, argue that it was bombed for tactical military objectives. |
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http://history.acusd.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/Prelude07.html
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| | Guggenheim Collection - Artist - Motherwell - Elegy to the Spanish Republic No. 110 |
| | About the Elegies, Motherwell said, “After a period of painting them, I discovered Black as one of my subjects—and with black, the contrasting white, a sense of life and death which to me is quite Spanish. | | | Robert Motherwell was only 21 years old when the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936, but its atrocities made an indelible impression on him, and he later devoted a series of more than 200 paintings to the theme. | | | The dialectical nature of life itself is expressed through the stark juxtaposition of black against white, which reverberates in the contrasting ovoid and rectilinear slab forms. |
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http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/artist_work_md_116_1.html
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| | The Spanish Civil War Board Game |
| | This is a 3-6 player scenario pitting three unaligned forces against each other for control of both Spain and Portugal. | | | The Spanish Civil War is 2-6 player territorial strategy game. | | | In the historical scenario the Spanish Nationalists and the German/Italian support forces face off against the Spanish Republican forces and their Soviet allies along with the volunteer brigades. |
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http://www.guildofblades.com/empires/spanish.html
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| | Second Spanish Republic |
| | Agitation then increased for the restoration of the Constitution. | | | In January 1930, Spanish dictator Primo De Riverra, who had been supported by the Spanish King, resigned. |
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http://www.multied.com/Europe/2ndSpanRep.html
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| | Spanish Language Schools Dominican Republic |
| | This way you can be fully confident about any course you choose through ABT. | | | Spanish Language Schools in Dominican Republic by location | | | Spanish Language Schools in Dominican Republic by Type of Course |
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http://www.spanish-language.org/spanish_in_dominican_republic.htm
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| | Spanish language schools in Dominican Republic. - LINKS-ABROAD.COM |
| | The school is built in a typical caribbean style with a roof of palmtree leaves and has its own beach-bar (HECTOR's Bar - Restaurant). | | | Spanish language school in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. | | | The program has enabled students from many U.S. colleges and universities to participate in study abroad electives in the Dominican Republic sponsor. |
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http://www.links-abroad.com/dominican.htm
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| | OUP: Catholicism in the Second Spanish Republic: Vincent |
| | This original and important new analysis throws new light on the origins of the Spanish Civil War and on the controversies over who bore ultimate responsibility for the conflict. | | | Mary Vincent examines this crucial period in Spanish history, focusing on Salamaca, the home province of the leader of the principal confessional party. | | | The brief political history of the republic was characterized by the rapid polarization of right and left - a process in which religion played a crucial role. |
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http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-820613-5
(369 words)
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| | Spanish Travel - Phrases, Pictures, & Books |
| | For political and human rights links from Columbia U. click here. | | | That's because the Spanish ruled for about 200 years, ending in 1968. | | | Are you bored with trying to memorize Spanish verbs? |
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http://www.spanish.bz/travel.htm
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| | Robert Motherwell - Grandfathers and Influences |
| | While the Elegies represent the central chapter in Motherwell's work, they stand out from other work in his oeuvre by the almost exclusive use of back and white, in contrast to the richer palette of his other paintings and collages. | | | After many experiments in these abstract illuminations, the pattern emerged of black vertical and oval shapes against a white backdrop. | | | Though a relatively small part of Motherwell's total output, the Spanish Elegiesare the best known works of Motherwell's career and constitute one of the most poignant meditations of modern art on a political theme since Picasso's Guernica. |
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http://www.abstract-art.com/abstraction/l2_Grnfthrs_fldr/g036_motherwell_elegy57.html
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| | Dominican Republic News & Travel Information Service |
| | Only Eulogio Santaella, representing the promoting company, and three members of the Senate Finance Commission, who are in charge of studying the contract signed with the government, were present. | | | Juan Marichal, the San Francisco Giants Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher, traveled with the Ministry of Tourism delegation to participate in the Incentive Travel and Meeting Executives Show (ITME) held at the McCormick Place Convention Center in Chicago. | | | In November, a visit is expected by the Spanish representatives of the project promoter, including architect Ricardo Bofill. |
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http://www.dr1.com/index.html
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| | Programming Tutorials - Books : Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939 |
| | The Spanish Labyrinth : An Account of the Social and Political Background of the Spanish Civil War (Canto) | | | Books : Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939 | | | Originally published in 1965, it remains the classic center-left interpretation of the Republic and Civil War. |
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http://www.programmertutorials.com/ItemId/0691007578
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