|
| |
| | Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The main tasks of the congress were the election of the standing legislature, the Supreme Soviet, and the election of the chairman of the Supreme Soviet, who acted as head of state. | | | The Supreme Court supervised the lower courts and applied the law, as established by the Constitution or as interpreted by the Supreme Soviet. | | | The Supreme Soviet, which had an elected chairman who functioned as head of state, oversaw the Council of Ministers, which acted as the executive branch of the government. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet
|
|
| |
| | Glossary of Organisations: So |
| | These urban and rural soviets are grouped first in a volost congress, then in district congresses, then in the regional congresses, and lastly in the pan-Russian Congress of Soviets, made up of urban soviets' delegates (one for every 25,000 inhabitants) and of provincial congress delegates (one for every 125,000 inhabitants). | | | Formed by the Second Congress of Soviets, the first Council of People's Commissars was elected as the legislative body of the R.S.F.S.R. In addition to the legislative body of the R.S.F.S.R., the Congress also elected the Central Executive Committee of Soviets as the executive body of the government. | | | Soviets gained political power after the Bolshevik revolution, acting as the local executive bodies of government. |
|
http://www.marxists.org/glossary/orgs/s/o.htm
|
|
| |
| | History & Culture of Russia / Overview |
| | In the spring of 1989, the first open elections since 1917 were held, allowing voters a novel choice of more than one candidate for seats in the Congress of People's Deputies. | | | Restructuring began in earnest, with a vigorous housecleaning of the bureaucracy and a significant investigation into corruption. | | | In March of 1985, when Mikhail Gorbachev became general secretary, the need for reforms was pressing. |
|
http://www.interknowledge.com/russia/rushis07.htm
|
|
| |
| | The Avalon Project : Nazi-Soviet Relations 1939-1941 |
| | The Reich Foreign Minister to the German Ambassador in the Soviet (Schulenburg) September 9, 1939 | | | The Reich Foreign Minister to the German Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Schulenburg) : August 14, 1939 | | | The Reich Foreign Minister to the German Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Schulenburg) : August 3, 1939 |
|
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/nazsov/nazsov.htm
|
|
| |
| | At Cold War's End: US Intelligence on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 1989-1991 |
| | Boris Yel'tsin elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Republic. | | | The USSR did not formally rescind the communist party's monopoly of power until March 1990, but that was a culmination of a trend that began in 1989. | | | It had some 560 adherents in the Supreme Soviet, and, in alliance with the Communist delegates, represented the overwhelming majority (700 plus) of members of parliament. |
|
http://www.cia.gov/csi/books/19335/art-1.html
|
|
| |
| | Documents Related to the Cold War |
| | Nikolai Novikov, Soviet Ambassador in Washington, Telegram, September 1946 | | | Statement, dated May 3, 1949, by President Harry S. Truman upon acceding to General Lucius Clay's request to be discharged from service in the U.S. Military Government in Germany, following the agreement to lift the Berlin blockade. | | | Telegram, dated October 27, 1948, by Congressman Preston E. Peden to President Harry S. Truman, urging Truman to act in removing the Berlin blockade and sending supplies into occupied Berlin. |
|
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/coldwar.htm
|
|
| |
| | Modern History Sourcebook: Stalin's Purges, 1935 |
| | The exposed members of this organization were sentenced by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. to the supreme penalty - to be shot. | | | The main lesson which the Party organizations had to draw from the trials of the persons implicated in the foul murder of S. Kirov was that they must put an end to their own political blindness and political heedlessness, and must increase their vigilance and the vigilance of all Party members.... | | | The testimony of the members of this counter-revolutionary group showed that they were connected with representatives of foreign capitalist states and were receiving funds from them. |
|
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1936purges.html
|
|
| |
| | Soviet Archives Exhibit |
| | It represents a new Russia, willing and anxious under its first democratically elected president, Boris Yeltsin, to affirm the core democratic value of open access to information. | | | This Library of Congress Soviet Archives exhibition is important for what it represents, what it contains, and what it suggests. | | | This exhibit illustrates both the domestic and the foreign policy of Soviet rule. |
|
http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/soviet.exhibit/soviet.archive.html
|
|
| |
| | Living History: The Soviet Experience in World War Two - The Eisenhower Institute, Washington, D.C. |
| | Even General Eisenhower, no stranger to war-damaged towns and cities, was appalled by the extent of depopulation and wrote in his memoir: | | | The Soviets captured about 90,000 German soldiers at Stalingrad alone and less than 5,000 made it back to Germany after the war. | | | The Germans captured more than 3,500,000 Soviet soldiers during their invasion and sent them all to slave labor camps where most eventually died from malnutrition or unattended disease. |
|
http://eisenhowerinstitute.org/programs/livinghistory/SovietExperienceww2.htm
|
|
| |
| | Soviet Jewry Movement |
| | And in its early years, the Jewish Defense League, headed by Meir Kahane, used to follow and harass Soviet diplomats stationed in the United States. | | | The protest movement on behalf of Soviet Jewry, which spread throughout the United States and other Jewish communities during the 1960s and 1970s, was in large measure a response to the Holocaust. | | | SOURCES AND FURTHER READINGS: William Orbach, The American Movement to Aid Soviet Jews. |
|
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Human_Rights/sjmove.html
|
|
| |
| | Modern History Sourcebook: The Brezhnev Doctrine, 1968 |
| | Discharging their internationalist duty toward the fraternal peoples of Czechoslovakia and defending their own socialist gains, the U.S.S.R. and the other socialist states had to act decisively and they did act against the antisocialist forces in Czechoslovakia. | | | It was in November 1968, speaking before Polish workers, that Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev gave the following justification. | | | We cannot ignore the assertions, held in some places, that the actions of the five socialist countries run counter to the MarxistLeninist principle of sovereignty and the rights of nations to selfdetermination. |
|
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1968brezhnev.html
|
|
| |
| | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Overview of the Library of Congress Soviet Archives Exhibit. | | | Contains an article that traces the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States of America. | | | the major political party of Russia and the Soviet Union from the Russian Revolution of October 1917 to 1991. |
|
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9105999?tocId=9105999
|
|
| |
| | soviet on Encyclopedia.com |
| | In Russia the soviets remained the basic political units, forming a hierarchy from rural councils to the Supreme Soviet, the highest legislative body in the USSR. | | | At the first all-Russian soviet congress (June, 1917), the Socialist Revolutionaries had 285 deputies, the Mensheviks 248, the Bolsheviks only 105. | | | Under the first Soviet constitution only the local soviets were elected by direct suffrage. |
|
http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/s1/soviet.asp
|
|
| |
| | Russian Posters |
| | Experiments in society ended, and all forms of expression were mobilized to serve the state. | | | Although his detailed, allegorical style was traditional, his imagery reflected the rhetoric of a new age. | | | They attacked the enemies of the State both within and without, always portraying the Soviet Union as the champion of peace and social justice. |
|
http://www.internationalposter.com/ru-text.cfm
|
|
| |
| | Great Soviet Encyclopedia |
| | himself persecuted for his rejection of Soviet dogmatism. | | | days, it's the breakaway states of the former Soviet Union that... | | | In Interview, Walesa Reflects on 25 Years Ago |
|
http://www.wikiverse.org/great-soviet-encyclopedia
|
|
| |
| | Soviet Submarines |
| | Unlike the United States, the Soviet Union continued to build diesel-electric submarines throughout the Cold War. | | | This Soviet Charlie-class SSGN in the South China Sea was photographed from the air in 1974. | | | Because the names of individual Soviet submarines are seldom known abroad, the usual practice is to refer to them only as a member of a submarine class. |
|
http://americanhistory.si.edu/subs/const/anatomy/sovietsubs
|
|
| |
| | Soviet Union |
| | This finial was used in the Soviet Union. | | | In 1936-1946 the soviet state emblem had 11 ribbons (without estonian, latvian, lithuanian and moldavian) | | | The state emblem of the Soviet Union (corresponding to a coat of arms) had the Earth superimposed by the hammer and sicle. |
|
http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su.html
|
|
| |
| | MILNET: The Former Soviet Union |
| | Late in 1993 to early 1994 timeframe, the former USSR was thought to be likely reformed into a New Union known as the Commwealth of Independent States (CIS). | | | This loose organization does not seem to have much power and it appears the former states of the Soviet Union have gone their separate ways, many applying to become members of NATO. | | | New sections are being compiled based upon the new, emerging states of the former Soviet Union. |
|
http://www.milnet.com/soviet.htm
|
|
| |
| | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
| | Soviet industry was owned and managed by the state, and agricultural land was divided into state farms, | | | The Soviet Union was the first state to be based on Marxist | | | Russia, officially the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic (RSFSR), was only one of the constituent republics, but the terms “Russia,” the “USSR,” and the “Soviet Union” were often used interchangeably. |
|
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0850044.html
|
|
| |
| | Soviet Democide |
| | Mothers who came to police headquarters to inquire about their arrested sons could be taken outside and shot to help fill the quotas. | | | As an all-powerful state, the Soviet government attracted the most depraved people who then unleashed the worst depravity. | | | Millions were sent to the Gulags, Soviet concentration camps, where perhaps 20% of all prisoners died. |
|
http://www.freedomsnest.com/rummel_soviet.html
|
|
| |
| | UTR - Soviet |
| | Soviet is fighting their own cold war and slowly they are winning. | | | At the moment we talk to him Ruggiero and his band mates are in the middle of a nationwide tour to change all that. | | | As Soviet’s principal songwriter and go-to man Ruggiero is deadly serious about all things concerning his band. |
|
http://www.undertheradarmag.com/webonly/Soviet/soviet.html
|
|
| |
| | The Absolutely Weird Bookshelf, Soviet Science Fiction books |
| | Sort of a Soviet Edgar Rice Burroughs Mars-thing. | | | Here it was the 1920's, the age of Hugo the Rat and the pulps in America, and the Soviets were already putting out high-quality product.......... | | | Strugatsky, Arkady and Boris The Ugly Swans Macmillan, New York 1979 Trade paper, 1st US, near F. Coflict between repressive government and the reviled outcasts who represent a new order. |
|
http://www.strangewords.com/weirdbooks/ussr.html
|
|
| |
| | August 23, 1939 - Nazis and Soviets Sign Pact |
| | Above -- Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov signs the Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact while German Foreign Minister Von Ribbentrop and Soviet leader Stalin look on under a portrait of Lenin, August 23, 1939. | | | In the event of a territorial and political rearrangement of the areas belonging to the Polish State, the spheres of influence of Germany and the U.S.S.R. shall be bounded approximately by the line of the rivers Narev, Vistula and San. | | | The Government of the German Reich and The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
|
http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pact.htm
|
|
| |
| | Soviet-Empire.com - The Soviet T-34 Tank |
| | This however, was one simple idea that did not work terribly effectively in combat. | | | Dog mines did have some success, but once their dangerous drawbacks were realised they were not used after 1942. | | | Some reports on the Soviet Army after 1945 still contained references to dog mines however, and there were also reports of dog mines as having been used by the Viet Minh (fighting in Indo-China) in the late 1940s. |
|
http://www.soviet-empire.com/arsenal/army/anti-tank/dog_mine.php
|
|
| |
| | Great Soviet Encyclopedia Details, Meaning Great Soviet Encyclopedia Article and Explanation Guide |
| | This is an Article on Great Soviet Encyclopedia. | | | For example, while in the first edition the philosopher William James is described respectfully and pragmatism is criticized, in the second edition he is characterized as "an American reactionary philosopher and psychologist, ideologue of the imperialist bourgeoisie...." | | | According to Maurice Hindus, an American writer who traveled extensively in the Soviet Union and wrote a number of books on Soviet life, the first edition of the Encyclopedia is far superior to the second edition, the second edition being biased and incomplete. |
|
http://www.e-paranoids.com/g/gr/great_soviet_encyclopedia.html
|
|
| |
| | The Peace Encyclopedia: Socialism |
| | Although Stalin said that anti-Semitism was the most dangerous sequel of cannibalism, his name will remain associated with an absurd variety of anti-Semitism born in certain socialist countries under the new name of anti-Zionism...a sad, ridiculous, reactionary, and very dangerous phenomenon. | | | Note the date; this publication, the official organ of the Union of Czechoslovak Journalists, was still (to its cost) faithful to the milder line inaugurated in January 1968, before the Soviet invasion. |
|
http://www.yahoodi.com/peace/socialism.html
|
|
| |
| | The Chairman Smiles - Introduction |
| | The Soviet posters chronicle the Revolution of 1917, the following civil war and the attempts to build a new society, the Five Year Plans of the 1930s and Joseph Stalin's dictatorship. | | | The former Soviet Union, Cuba, and China: three countries where posters played an important political role and received a large amount of artistic attention. | | | This presentation is built around digitized images of 145 posters: 33 from the Soviet Union, 33 from Cuba, and 79 from China. |
|
http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman
|
|
| |
| | Gigbite - Band Reviews - Soviet |
| | Soviet is a leading contender for one of the year's best new synth-pop bands. | | | After an era of silent hedonism and Levi's, grown men in shorts, we have sluggishly entered a new age. | | | Soviet has been described as "Dressed in red shirts with white ties and matching belts, they resembled a mixture of Flock Of Seagulls and the Thompson Twins. |
|
http://www.stormpages.com/supportbands/soviet.html
|
|
| |
| | InfoUkes: Ukrainian History -- World War II in Ukraine |
| | Ivan Andreyevich Hryhorovich and Vasyl Fedorovich Fedoruk of Orelets, Sniatyn raion of Ivano Frankivsk, were arrested November 1940, tried by the Military Tribunal of the 12 th Army in Kiev, on March 27, 1941 and executed by the Soviet government. | | | This article is dedicated to the memory of three relatives in Ukraine I never saw. | | | This may finally provide a more accurate picture than has been possible with existing sources. |
|
http://www.infoukes.com/history/ww2
|
|
| |
| | Soviet Scientists Planned “Invulnerable” Military HQ on the Moon — Paper - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM |
| | According to him, the Soviet project was “tens of times” more expensive than the Apollo project of the United States which cost $34 billion. | | | In the days of the Cold War Soviet commanders and their best scientists were working on a project to build military headquarters on the Moon, the Novaya Gazeta weekly reports. | | | Yegorov said that the Soviet Union had planned to put two spaceships into orbit and assemble them into a single station that would fly to the Moon. |
|
http://www.mosnews.com/news/2004/09/20/moonbase.shtml
|
|
| |
| | BookBag@theLogBook.com The Encyclopedia Of Soviet Spacecraft |
| | The author doesn't present his politics anywhere in the book, and that's a relief, because more space can be devoted to the interesting stuff. | | | This book ends with tantalizing hints that the Soviets may be working on a close copy of the U.S. space shuttle, and the most recent accomplishment noted is the launch of the Mir space station. | | | In some cases, though, the mission details and even the physical details of the craft are still conjecture, despite the author's best efforts, due to the secretive nature of the Soviet space program at the time. |
|
http://www.thelogbook.com/read/q3-04/cccp.htm
|
|
| |
| | History & Culture of Russia / Overview |
| | This shift has not resulted in a simple vilification of everything Soviet or a naive embrace of all that preceded it, but it has spurred an unprecedented effort to regain the ancient Russian national heritage. | | | Churches are being restored all across the country, great Russian writers and artists whose works were banned are once again being honored, and the individual character of ancient cities and communities is once again becoming established. | | | ith the dissolution of the Soviet Union there has been an enormous resurgence of interest in Russia's pre-Soviet past, as well as a great deal of debate and reconsideration of the Soviet era itself. |
|
http://www.interknowledge.com/russia/rushis01.htm
|
|
| |
| | Opus // Music // Soviet - We Are Eyes, We Are Builders |
| | New York's Soviet was definite dark horse at this year's Cornerstone Festival, and I just happened to catch them. | | | Feel free to use anything you want, but please ask first and give credit where credit is due. | | | Dressed in red shirts with white ties and matching belts, they resembled a mixture of Flock Of Seagulls and the Thompson Twins. |
|
http://www.opuszine.com/music/review.html?reviewID=411
|
|
| |
| | The Moscow Times - Daily News on Business, Politics and Culture in Russia and the CIS |
| | In his turbulent career, dissident author Andrei Sinyavsky made plenty of enemies in the Soviet establishment -- and among his fellow liberal intellectuals as well. | | | It is often forgotten how important translators are for the popularity and readability of works by foreign authors. | | | Stalin's failure to predict Hitler's 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union was a classic mistake of 20th-century intelligence: the projection of one's own values upon an opponent. |
|
http://www.themoscowtimes.com
|
|
| |
| | Museum of Soviet Calculators |
| | Unless indicated to the contrary, permission is granted for private non-commercial use of images and text. | | | This tour arrow, and the title bar tour arrow on each page, will take you on a guided tour through the major parts of this site, including all Soviet manufactured machines. | | | The content of Museum of Soviet Calculators (on the Web) is copyright © 1997- Andrew Davie and contributors. |
|
http://www.taswegian.com/MOSCOW/soviet.html
|
|
| |
| | Onno van Rijen's Shostakovich & Other Soviet Composers Page |
| | Alla Pavlova, born in 1952, is one of those Russian composers who had their musical education under the Soviet system. | | | Pavlova’s flowering as a composer has been taking place in a totally different world, especially in her case, as she has been living in New York since 1990. | | | This does NOT imply that these composers are/were in favour of the Soviet regime. |
|
http://home.wanadoo.nl/ovar
|
|
| |
| | Soviet: We Are Eyes, We Are Builders - PopMatters Music Review |
| | Having patiently existed in various permutations since 1995, this year marks the reissue of the rare 2001 debut from the fivesome (who have been dubbed by some as the most significant electro-pop band post-Fischerspooner), and damn it, their poised to succeed! | | | When the time comes for the world (outside of downtown Manhattan and Brooklyn, preferably on radio) to recognize this music, Soviet will be leading the way, a veritable juggernaut, an electro-sensation. | | | There's absolutely nothing wrong with paying homage to musical eras gone by -- and creators of the best music have an absolute awareness for what made their sound possible. |
|
http://www.popmatters.com/music/reviews/s/soviet-weare.shtml
|
|
| |
| | History of the Soviet Union |
| | It is funded by a HEFCE Teaching Fellowship awarded to Professor Acton and is being carried out by Dr King, who took his doctorate at UEA and is a specialist in Soviet history. | | | Dr Mike Bowker and Dr Tony Kemp-Welch in the School of Social and Economic Studies provide additional expertise in Russian politics and international relations. | | | What the site does is to integrate the Internet material directly into our key Russian history units: the year-long 'Russian Revolution Special Subject' (Level III) and, in Semester II, 'The History of the Soviet Union, 1917-1991' (Level II) and 'Gorbachev and the Break-Up of the USSR' (MA). |
|
http://www.uea.ac.uk/his/webcours/russia/welcome
|
|
| |
| | Soviet Posters |
| | Brylov, The giants of the Five Year Plan, 1933 | | | Deni, Capital: I will crush Soviet Russia in my fist!!! | | | What the October Revolution has given to working and peasant women, 1920 |
|
http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/sovintro.html
|
|
| |
| | CIA Assessments of the Soviet Union: The Record Versus the Charges |
| | ``Charges that CIA did not see and report the economic decline, societal deterioration, and political destabilization that ultimately resulted in the breakup of the Soviet Union simply are contradicted by the record.'' | | | CIA Assessments of the Soviet Union: The Record Versus the Charges |
|
http://www.odci.gov/csi/monograph/russia/3496toc.html
|
|
| |
| | V.Bukovsky, Soviet Archive |
| | Ideology and Politics of Soviet Communist Party (KPSS) | | | Chronological List of All Documents with section cross-references (in Russian) | | | Structure of "Soviet Archive" done by Leonid Chernikhov |
|
http://psi.ece.jhu.edu/%7Ekaplan/IRUSS/BUK/GBARC/buk.html
|
|
| |
| | Evekiss.com marriage and dating Russian, Ukrainian women |
| | Our service provides a cost effective supportive way to meet and date women looking for love and marriage from Eastern European Countries, the Ukraine, Russia and former Soviet Union. | | | All services for our girls are FREE and your letter tokens pay for translation and internet connection which are expensive for girls in the countries evekiss.com covers. | | | Girls on our site are REAL and we are in contact with them by phone all the time !!! |
|
http://www.evekiss.com
|
|
| |
| | World War I, The Post-War Soviet / U.S. Agreement on Food Shipments to Russia |
| | I am enclosing the text of the Agreement with "Ara" [American Relief Administration] on organizing food shipments to Russia. | | | World War I, The Post-War Soviet / U.S. Agreement on Food Shipments to Russia | | | The Post-War Soviet / U.S. Agreement on Food Shipments to Russia |
|
http://www.lib.byu.edu/%7Erdh/wwi/1918p/russfood.html
|
|
| |
| | Tinman Records Music Reviews |
| | Your favorite Hudson Rover dwelling thunder lizards are back with a remix collection of material from the bands entire back catalogue. | | | Crocodile Shop must have been stockpiling remixes for years by such talented artists as Think Tank, Collide, Android Lust, Urania, Battery, Ish, SMP, and I, Parasite to assemble for "Soviet". | | | These thirteen tracks disassemble, warp, pervert, and shatter conventional remix CD's with a mixture of jackhammer percussion, pulsating basslines, sundry synthesizers and pitchshifted vocals. |
|
http://www.sonic-boom.com/review/crocodile.shop-6.html
|
|
|
