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| | Socialist realism - Open Encyclopedia |
 | | The doctrines of socialist realism were most strongly enforced in the period immediately following World War II, but were somewhat relaxed after Stalin's death in 1953. | | | Gorky was also a major factor in the school's rapid rise, and his pamphlet, On Socialist Realism, essentially lays out the needs of Soviet art. | | | Socialist realism is a teleologically-oriented style of realistic art which has as its purpose the furtherance of the goals of Communism. |
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http://open-encyclopedia.com/Socialist_Realism
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| | AllRefer.com - socialist realism (Russian And Eastern European Literature) - Encyclopedia |
| | After the death of Stalin in 1953 some relaxation of strictures was evident, although socialist realism continued as the official doctrine. | | | The role of literature and art in Soviet society was redefined in 1932 when the newly created Union of Soviet Writers proclaimed socialist realism as compulsory literary practice. | | | Socialist realism has been widely condemned as stifling to artistic values. |
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http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/S/socreal.html
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| | socialist realism - Columbia Encyclopedia® article about socialist realism |
| | After the death of Stalin in 1953 some relaxation of strictures was evident, although socialist realism continued as the official doctrine. | | | As conceived by Stalin, Zhdanov, and Gorky, socialist realism prescribed a generally optimistic picture of socialist reality and of the development of the Communist revolution. | | | Socialist realism has been widely condemned as stifling to artistic values. |
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http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/socialist+realism
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| | socialist realism - Columbia Encyclopedia® article about socialist realism |
| | After the death of Stalin in 1953 some relaxation of strictures was evident, although socialist realism continued as the official doctrine. | | | The role of literature and art in Soviet society was redefined in 1932 when the newly created Union of Soviet Writers proclaimed socialist realism as compulsory literary practice. | | | As conceived by Stalin, Zhdanov, and Gorky, socialist realism prescribed a generally optimistic picture of socialist reality and of the development of the Communist revolution. |
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http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/socialist+realism
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| | Socialist realist - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Socialist realist |
| | Socialist realism became the official doctrine in the USSR in 1932 when Stalin's repressive government issued a decree ‘On the Reconstruction of Literary and Art Organizations’. | | | Among the other countries to which socialist realism spread was China, where it became the norm in painting in the 1950s. | | | Socialist realism is not to be confused with social realism, art that realistically depicts subjects of social concern. |
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http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Socialist+realist
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| | socialist realism - Columbia Encyclopedia® article about socialist realism |
| | After the death of Stalin in 1953 some relaxation of strictures was evident, although socialist realism continued as the official doctrine. | | | As conceived by Stalin, Zhdanov, and Gorky, socialist realism prescribed a generally optimistic picture of socialist reality and of the development of the Communist revolution. | | | Socialist realism has been widely condemned as stifling to artistic values. |
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http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/socialist+realism
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| | socialist realism - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about socialist realism |
| | Socialist realism became the official doctrine in the USSR in 1932 when Stalin's repressive government issued a decree ‘On the Reconstruction of Literary and Art Organizations’. | | | Socialist realism is not to be confused with social realism, art that realistically depicts subjects of social concern. | | | After the death of Stalin in 1953, the official line became less harsh, but personal expression still remained difficult and dangerous (in 1974 a show of unofficial art in a field near Moscow was broken up with bulldozers and water-cannon), and socialist realism remained technically in force until the break-up of the USSR in 1991. |
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http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/socialist%20realism
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| | Ukraine: Introduction |
| | Socialist realism mandated that all artists and writers glorify the Soviet regime and its goal of attaining communism. | | | In 1918 a Bolshevik (Communist) government was established in Ukraine, and in 1922 the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) was one of the four founding republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). | | | However, the Communist Party was Ukraine's only legal party until its constitutional monopoly was abolished in 1990. |
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http://ukraine.uazone.net/article1.html
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| | Opening Full Session of the National Roundtable Negotiations |
| | In our opinion, apart from the political realism of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, these results were due to the social organizations and movements present and the constructive efforts of the evolving parties. | | | Our aim is to enable Hungarian citizens to decide who, which political forces they commission to exercise power during the periods extending from elections to elections. | | | Instead of being governed by decree Hungary needs consensus law; the rule of law is the most important feature of the constitutional state. |
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http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/news/19991105/13jun89.htm
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| | Socialist Realism in Laos |
| | With Socialist Realism established as the sole legitimate art form in both the Soviet Union and China, it followed naturally that the genre was introduced first to North Vietnam after the French withdrawal of 1954, and then throughout the remainder of that country following the communist victory in 1975. | | | As a consequence, when the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Socialist Realism's rigid and restrictive style became an artistic straitjacket for a vast region stretching from the Adriatic to the South China Sea, dominating the cultural life of almost half mankind. | | | Those standards comprise the art form known as Socialist Realism, and from 1975 until very recently, the government of the Lao PDR adhered closely to the style. |
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http://www.cpamedia.com/articles/20021125_01
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| | Socialist Realism |
| | Socialist realism was unique only in that it was the sole official method of the state. | | | Socialist realism was declared the reigning method of Soviet literature at The First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers in August, 1934. | | | Socialist realism was best characterized by the watch words accessibility (dostupnost'), the spirit of the people (narodnost'), and the spirit of the party (partiinost'). |
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http://www.soviethistory.org/index.php?action=L2&SubjectID=1934socrealism&Year=1934
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| | Dawes: "Realism, Surrealism, Socialist Realism and Neruda's 'Guided Spontaneity'" |
| | So, for instance, Lukács charges Socialist realism with "formal, empty, bureaucratic 'optimism' expressed in certain works that appear at first sight to be socialist, but are in actual fact dead, devoid of ideas, and useless and ineffectual both from the standpoint of aesthetics and from that of propaganda" (235). | | | After all, the 1917 revolution was the first socialist revolution in the world and the hopes for socialism on an international scale, until the purges of the 1930s at least, were to be found in the USSR. | | | In this context he maintains that spontaneity, be it in its avant-gardist or Socialist realist variants, is consciousness in its embryonic form, so it is necessarily a partial view of the social totality limited by the recording of immediacy (219). |
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http://www.eserver.org/clogic/2002/dawes.html
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| | SovLit.com - Soviet Literature Links |
| | Soviet Realism and the American Western : A comparison of Soviet works of Socialist Realism and the American cowboy western frontier novel. | | | Vasili AKSYONOV, Vasili BYKOV, Andrei VOZNESENSKY, Ivan DRATCH, Yevgeni YEVTUSHENKO, Yuri KAZAKOV, Justinas MARCINKEVICIUS, and Anatoli PRISTAVKIN respond to a questionnaire circulated in 1962 by the magazine Voprosi Literaturi (Problems of Literature). |
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http://www.sovlit.com/sovlinks.html
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| | The Writers' Congress |
| | Zhdanov emphasized that socialist realism was the official style of Soviet culture, and that the goal of all art was "to depict reality in its revolutionary development." All artists, he decreed, were to be "engineers of the human soul." | | | Boris Pasternak, who chaired one of the sessions of the Congress, was elected to the Union Board along with Mikhail Zoshchenko, Boris Pilniak, Mikhail Privshin, and Il'ia Ehrenburg. | | | Viktor Shklovskii, the great Formalist critic who would soon be silenced, noted that if Dostoevskii had attended the Congress, the delegates would naturally have condemned him as a traitor. |
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http://www.soviethistory.org/index.php?action=L2&SubjectID=1934writers&Year=1934
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| | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | The union supported Communist Party policies and was the defender and interpreter of the single Soviet literary method, Socialist Realism. | | | Overview of this intelligence organization of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republic. | | | Overview of the Library of Congress Soviet Archives Exhibit. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9105999?tocId=9105999
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| | Definition of socialist |
| | , socialistic -- of or relating to or promoting or practicing socialism; "socialist theory"; "socialist realism"; "a socialist party" | | | Socialist Party of the United States of America | | | -- advocating or following the socialist principles; "socialistic government" |
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http://www.dictionarydefinition.net/socialist.html
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| | Revolution of 1991 (from UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia |
| | From 1932 to the mid-1980s socialist realism was the sole criterion for measuring literary, artistic, and musical works in the Soviet Union and its Communist satellites in Eastern Europe. | | | More from Britannica on "Revolution of 1991 (from UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS)"... | | | council that was the primary unit of government in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and that officially performed both legislative and executive functions at the all-union, republic, province, city, district, and village levels. |
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http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-209269?ct=
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| | Socialist countries (from social service) -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | From 1932 to the mid-1980s socialist realism was the sole criterion for measuring literary, artistic, and musical works in the Soviet Union and its Communist satellites in Eastern Europe. | | | It is as difficult to make generalizations about social welfare in socialist countries as it is in the case of the democratic societies referred to above. | | | This officially sanctioned theory and method of composition called for the didactic use of art to develop social consciousness in an evolving socialist state. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-38990?tocId=38990
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| | Gary M. Oppenheim -- The Sotsgorod Project: First Socialist Cities |
| | has argued convincingly, however, that these architects and planners were explicitly following the leads and examples of Russian Socialist Realism. These planners were all employed by their states’ central governments, and just as the state political officers followed policy initiatives that came from Moscow, the architects addressed similar concerns in their own work. | | | [1] This section draws heavily on Anders Åman’s “First Socialist Cities” chapter, from his book, Architecture and Ideology in Eastern Europe During the Stalin Era. My work differs from his in my focus on foreign and especially western connections and influences, as well as my attention to more recent developments in the settlements. | | | When construction on the first First Socialist City outside the USSR began in 1947, it was at the prompting of the Soviet government |
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http://lcnl.wisc.edu/people/gary/sotsgorod/FirstSocialistCities.shtml
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| | The Soviet Novel and the Western |
| | The era of Socialist Realism ran from about 1929, when the term was coined, to the Thaw of 1956; Geoffrey O'Brien (1981, 137-142) places the golden age of the paperback between 1929 and 1958. | | | The novel ends as the hero takes leave of his company to return with his newfound wife to his farm in California and | | | L'Amour, published 105 books in over 200 million copies, is the only American novelist to have received both the Congressional Gold Medal and Presidential Medal of Freedom, and was similarly close to members of the American politico-intellectual establishment, such as the former Librarian of Congress, Daniel J. Boorstin and Ronald Reagan. |
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http://www.echonyc.com/~goldfarb/sovwest.htm
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| | Definition of socialist |
| | , socialistic -- of or relating to or promoting or practicing socialism; "socialist theory"; "socialist realism"; "a socialist party" | | | Socialist Party of the United States of America | | | -- advocating or following the socialist principles; "socialistic government" |
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http://www.dictionarydefinition.net/socialist.html
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| | Jennifer Homans, The New Repbublic, on Maya Plisetskaya |
| | In 1948, when Zhdanov issued his infamous decrees reasserting Socialist Realism and condemning artists from Akhmatova to Shostakovich, Plisetskaya's career also came to a screeching halt. | | | She was named "Hero of Socialist Labor" in 1985, and last year Vladimir Putin gave her Russia's highest civil honor, the medal for service to the Russian state, second degree. | | | She had stood against Mikhail Fokine, Tamara Karsavina, and the "revolutionary" vanguard at the Maryinsky in 1905, and she had been a strong supporter of Lunacharsky after the revolution. |
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http://www.yale.edu/annals/Reviews/review_texts/Homans_on_Plisetskaya_The_New_Republic_11.02.01.htm
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| | Totalitarian Art, Sculpture, Kerbel - Johnson's Russia List 6-15-03 |
| | Soviet realism was usually political dogma gussied up in artists' garb, and overwrought figures of muscled laborers, heroic soldiers and godlike Lenins seem almost comical in an era when Marxism rests in history's dustbin. | | | SOME of his work would be dismissed today as hopelessly kitschy. | | | Kerbel, meanwhile, honed his artistic skills designing and painting camouflage for Soviet battleships, including one in which he sailed to Britain and back. |
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http://www.cdi.org/russia/Johnson/7222-11.cfm
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| | Cultural retrenchment (from Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | From 1932 to the mid-1980s socialist realism was the sole criterion for measuring literary, artistic, and musical works in the Soviet Union and its Communist satellites in Eastern Europe. | | | council that was the primary unit of government in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and that officially performed both legislative and executive functions at the all-union, republic, province, city, district, and village levels. | | | This officially sanctioned theory and method of composition called for the didactic use of art to develop social consciousness in an evolving socialist state. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-42072
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| | SocioSite: FAMOUS SOCIOLOGISTS |
| | The site contains bibliographic and archival materials concerning Antonio Gramsci's profile and thought, the history of Italian labour and socialist movements, the history of the Italian communist party. | | | Review of Roy Bhaskar (ed.) A Meeting of Minds: Socialists discuss philosophy - towards a new symposium (London: Socialist Society, 1991). | | | Presented by the Centre for Critical Realism (CCR). |
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http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/sociosite/topics/sociologists.html
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| | Dawes: "Realism, Surrealism, Socialist Realism and Neruda's 'Guided Spontaneity'" |
| | So, for instance, Lukács charges Socialist realism with "formal, empty, bureaucratic 'optimism' expressed in certain works that appear at first sight to be socialist, but are in actual fact dead, devoid of ideas, and useless and ineffectual both from the standpoint of aesthetics and from that of propaganda" (235). | | | Socialist realism became one of the dominant aesthetic currents in the 1930s because it associated itself with the USSR's destiny. | | | Although Neruda was affected by late surrealism and socialist realism and established his independence from both of them, his poetry showed signs of being more swayed by realism, or what I would call his "dialectical realism". |
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http://eserver.org:16080/clogic/2002/dawes.html
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| | Socialist realism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Andrei Sinyavsky writing as Abram Tertz, The Trial Begins and On Socialist Realism, University of California Press, 1982, trade paperback, 219 pages, | | | Socialist realism, designed and approved by Nikolay Bukharin, Maxim Gorky and Andrei Zhdanov, held that successful art depicts and glorifies the proletariat's struggle toward socialist progress. | | | In practice, socialist realism demanded close adherence to party doctrine, and has often been criticized as detrimental to the creation of true, unfettered art - or as being little more than a means to censor artistic expression. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Realism
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| | Art Journal: Concerning Socialist Realism: Recent Publications on Russian Art. - Review - book review |
| | Bown also refutes Boris Groys's recent interpretation of socialist realism as an extension of the artistic practices of the Russian avant-garde, arguing that "it is simply wrong to claim that the Bolshevik 'aestheticisation of politics,' or any tendency to evaluate political decisions in terms of 'aesthetic consequences' originated with the avant-garde artists" (xiii). | | | When socialist realism was imposed on Russian artists and writers in the early 1930s, a special committee headed by Joseph Stalin carefully crafted its definition. | | | Bown leans toward the broader definition of socialist realism provided by the painter Aleksandr Gerasimov in a 1939 speech: "an art 'realistic in form and socialist in content'" (141), which has its strength in being concise, but opens room for all kinds of generalizations. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0425/is_4_58/ai_59552693
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