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| | Simple majority voting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Manipulability by voters is as such unobservable, but doesn’t constitute a problem with simple majority voting, since in a two option case, it is impossible to manipulate the result by voting strategically. | | | Simple majority voting also satisfies neutrality: if everyone reverses their vote, the result is reversed, a tie remains a tie. | | | Simple majority voting is a straightforward form of voting whereby the option with a simple majority of votes wins. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majority_voting
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| | WSSDA - FAQ's about the simple majority issue |
| | Changing the state constitution by allowing school levies and bonds to be approved by a simple majority of those voting (50% + 1). | | | We are proposing that the State Legislature allow the citizens of Washington to vote to change their own constitution, and thereby allow school levies or bonds to be approved by a simple majority of those voting (50%+1) at any election held on any of the six authorized election dates. | | | Many of those legislators may support the "simple majority" proposal, but only with stipulations designed to assure large voter turn-out; i.e., only at general elections or only when elections are conducted entirely by mail. |
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http://www.wssda.org/wssda/WebForms/En-Us/LegislativeAndGovernmentalIssues/SimpleMajorityFAQ.asp
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| | Mechanisms For Preventing Tyranny of the Majority in a Democracy |
| | In a system of electing the President by mere simple majority, a candidate or party could win by appealing to 51% of the voters united by some particular characteristic. | | | But with the membership being divided into two houses, with the Senate's having 100 members, and needing a majority of them, that means that, simply from the standpoint of voting alone (that is, not by causing procedural delays in voting, etc.) 51 Senators can block the majority rule or majority tyranny of 485 others. | | | If the founders had wanted simple majority rule with that number or proportion of total representatives, they would have set it up so there would currently be 535 members and just one chamber, and a majority vote of 268 would carry any measure. |
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http://www.garlikov.com/philosophy/majorityrule.htm
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| | Budget Gridlock: Rival Views on 2/3 Vote -- The Case for a Super Majority |
| | Some of those who support a simple-majority vote on the budget have argued that a compromise voting arrangement could be implemented, with a simple majority for the budget and a two-thirds majority for tax bills. | | | The most dangerous of these proposals are those seeking to reduce the number of votes required to pass the budget to a simple majority. | | | Each year, a two-thirds majority of legislators in both the Assembly and Senate must vote for the state's spending plan before the governor can sign it into law. |
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http://www.caltax.org/MEMBER/digest/oct98/oct98-6.htm
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| | Access Washington- State News Release |
| | OLYMPIA -- The state House of Representatives today affirmed its support for local schools by voting 73-25 to let voters decide whether a simple majority of voters should be able to pass school operating levies. | | | Schual-Berke, who has led the House fight for a public vote on the simple majority issue since 2002, thinks this may be the year when the question is finally submitted to state voters. | | | "For the first time in history, every Democrat and Republican on the House Education Committee is supporting the simple majority principle for school levies," said Schual-Berke. |
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http://access.wa.gov/leg/2005/Feb/n2005122_4182.aspx
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| | Buchanan: Collected Works, Buchanan and Tullock, The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy, Chapter 11: Library of Economics and Liberty |
| | We see that the results of simple majority voting in the model where full side payments are allowed differ in several essential respects from the results of this rule when such payments are not allowed. | | | The whole question of the relationship between the operation of simple majority voting rules and the "efficiency" in resource usage, within the context of the game-theory models, can best be discussed in terms of the constructions of modern welfare economics. | | | This difference between these two majority-rule models, however, will not affect the individual constitutional evaluation of majority voting as a means of making political decisions. |
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http://www.econlib.org/library/Buchanan/buchCv3c11.html
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| | Simple majority voting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Manipulability by voters is as such unobservable, but doesn’t constitute a problem with simple majority voting, since in a two option case, it is impossible to manipulate the result by voting strategically. | | | Simple majority voting also satisfies neutrality: if everyone reverses their vote, the result is reversed, a tie remains a tie. | | | Secondly, simple majority voting satisfies anonymity: it assigns the same value to two lists that are permutations of one another. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majority_voting
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| | Council members question legislative objectives (February 02, 2001) |
| | When is a simple majority enough to reflect the will of the voter? | | | What you really have to ask here is, 'Is the simple majority fair to the other 49 percent?'" he concluded. | | | We pass all of our legislation with a simple majority, and I don't think this should be any different." |
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http://www.mv-voice.com/morgue/2001/2001_02_02.legg2.html
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| | Supermajority - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Cardinal A in this case has a simple two-thirds majority. | | | A supermajority or a qualified majority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level or type of support which exceeds a simple majority in order to have effect. | | | The United States Constitution requires a supermajority of two-thirds of both houses of Congress to propose a Congress-driven constitutional amendment; it also requires a three-quarters supermajority of state legislatures for final adoption of any constitutional amendment, as well as a two-thirds supermajority to pass a bill over the president's veto. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermajority
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| | Matthias Messner - Research |
| | First, we analyze more general voting rules that govern the constitutional election (for example, changing the status quo majority rule may itself require a supermajority). | | | In this paper, we develop a simple yet powerful positive model where the majority rule governing future elections is itself chosen in an election. | | | We characterize the set of majority rules which are stable with respect to the initial voting rule. |
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http://www.econ.upf.es/~messner/research.html
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| | 31. Oktober 1996 |
| | The idea of double majority voting is also that the norms of democratic legitimacy are plain for all to see: this is indeed the case, but it is obtained at the expense of obscuring the real power which states acquire through their voting rights. | | | As in other cases the norm requiring a simple majority of states is invoked explicitly. | | | Voting strengths of member states in the European Council now have a long tradition of being determined in the treaties by “weighted votes”, which deliberately underplay the “demographic weight”, in terms of population, of the largest states and progressively overweight smaller states. |
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http://www.ihs.ac.at/sections/press/press_releases/articles/y1999s2/00_06eurengl.htm
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| | URBANA CODE OF ORDINANCES: Sec. 2-30. Voting procedures. |
| | (1) If the city council contains an even-number of aldermen/alderwomen then holding office, then a majority of the city council shall be the simple majority of the members of the city council including the mayor; | | | (2) If the city council contains an odd-number of aldermen/alderwomen then holding office, then a majority of the city council shall be the simple majority of aldermen/alderwomen, excluding the mayor; | | | The passage of any resolution or motion not within the above description shall require the "yes" or "aye" vote of a majority of those members of the council present and voting when a vote on the measure is taken. |
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http://www.city.urbana.il.us/urbana/city_code/10202010.HTM
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| | PA DeMolay Resources - Parliamentary Procedure |
| | A simple majority is one more than half the voting members. | | | Example 2: A simple majority is required to pass Motion B. There are 12 voting members. | | | Example 1: A 2/3 majority is required to pass Motion A in a group with 70 voting members present. |
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http://www.pademolay.org/resource/parliamentary/majority.html
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| | BBC NEWS In Depth Euro-glossary Qualified majority voting |
| | The reason for the qualified majority, rather than a simple 50%, means that at least half the population of the EU and half the member states must be in favour of a motion to pass it. | | | The qualified majority means that 62 votes are needed to pass a proposal, rather than the normal majority of 44. | | | Under QMV, each member state is given a certain number of votes in the council, weighted according to its size and population. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/in_depth/europe/2000/nice_summit/nice_summit_glossary/1054052.stm
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| | jc_td.doc |
| | Simple because a majority holds a specific opinion does not necessitate that this particular opinion is justifiable through reason and logic. | | | This is clearly impossible under simple majority rule. | | | In the absence of unanimous consent, the controversy over the best voting scheme will continue indefinitely. |
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http://www.wfu.edu/~heckeljc/ecn225/papers/2002/jc_td.doc
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| | Decision making in the European Union |
| | Finally, the Amsterdam Treaty extends 'the areas where qualified majority voting is to be used for the adoption of acts by the Council, which will facilitate decision-making'. | | | Under Article 148 of the Treaty of Rome, Council decisions had to be by a simple majority, by a qualified majority or unanimously. | | | The member states will have a right of initiative alongside the Commission, and the Council will act unanimously during this period, eventually at the end, there will be move to qualified majority voting and codecision with the European Parliament. |
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http://law.ankara.edu.tr/~hdogan/essays/essay8.html
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| | Simple majority - encyclopedia article about Simple majority. |
| | A simple majority is the most common requirement in voting for a measure to pass, especially in deliberative bodies and small organizations. | | | In order for a proposition to be successful, a simple majority must agree to it. | | | For example, if an election had three candidates, who received 40%, 25%, and 35% of the vote, the candidate with 40% would have a plurality, but not a majority. |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Simple+majority
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| | CTV.ca - EU's longest summit ends with reform compromise - CTV News, Shows and Sports -- Canadian Television |
| | In the complex voting scheme, the qualified majority was set at 258 votes out of 342, with 89 votes required for a blocking minority -- equivalent to three large states and one small one. | | | The summit identified 29 new areas where member states would waive their veto rights in favour of qualified majority voting. | | | Any decision taken under treaty provisions on the basis of a proposal by the executive European Commission requires 258 votes from a simple majority of member states. |
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http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/1025828599879_21237799?hub=CTVNewsAt11&subhub=PrintStory
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| | 2002 Proxy Statement |
| | Boeing had 50 profitable years with simple-majority shareholder voting. | | | The Company could not, without violating Delaware law which governs the Company, permit adoption of any resolution by "simple majority vote" where such action is prohibited by law in the absence of a prior approval and recommendation by the Board of Directors. | | | The proposal purports to require that matters be subject to a "simple majority vote on all issues" without regard to the role of the Board of Directors. |
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http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/financial/finreports/annual/02proxy/item11.html
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| | Lords Hansard text for 27 Apr 1998 (180427-27) |
| | Here, perhaps to the surprise of the noble Lord, Lord Moynihan, we have sympathy with the view that qualified majority voting should not just be randomly extended as a simple way out of the problems of trying to get agreement on difficult issues. | | | It is essential, if the European Union is to work, that member states have an area which they regard rightly as their own, where the principle of subsidiarity is fully recognised, and where member states also work with one another within those areas on the basis of co-operation and not of qualified majority voting. | | | We were prepared to accept qualified majority voting for the single market; and then we drew the line at almost every other area of qualified majority voting because we did not want it, we just wanted the single market. |
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http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo980427/text/80427-27.htm
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| | Referendum - encyclopedia article about Referendum. |
| | If a majority of those voting, as well as separate majorities in each of a majority of states, vote in favour of the amendment, it is presented for Royal Assent, given in the Queen's name by the Governor-General. | | | Critics of the Borda count argue that it is particularly susceptible to tactical voting and to the tactical nomination of candidates, and that it may produce results that are opposed by a majority of voters. | | | However a referendum may also require the support of a super-majority A supermajority or a qualified majority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level or type of support which exceeds a simple majority in order to have effect. |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/referendum
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| | ALTERNATIVE VOTING SYSTEMS |
| | Because no candidate has a simple majority of q = ll first-place votes, the lowest first-choice candidate, d, is eliminated on the first round, and class IV's 3 second-place votes go to c, giving c 8 votes. | | | Bills to implement approval voting have been introduced in some state legislatures in the United States; in l987, a bill to mandate approval voting in certain statewide elections passed the Senate but not the House in North Dakota. | | | If each voter has six votes to cast for as many as six candidates, and if each of the l00 voters in the minority casts three votes each for only two candidates, these voters can ensure the election of these two candidates no matter what the 200 voters in the majority do. |
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http://bcn.boulder.co.us/government/approvalvote/altvote.html
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| | F A I R V O T E -- the Center for Voting and Democracy |
| | Instant runoff voting is a winner-take-all, constitutionally protected, voting system that ensures a winning candidate will receive an absolute majority of votes rather than a simple plurality. | | | Manufactured Majority - Where a single party wins less than 50 per cent of the valid votes, but an absolute majority of the parliamentary seats. | | | A in which a second election is held if no candidate achieves an absolute majority of votes in the first election. |
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http://www.fairvote.org/library/geog/congress?page=955
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| | Section By-laws |
| | Unless otherwise provided in these Bylaws, a simple majority of the members voting on a position to be filled in an election shall determine the outcome, as it shall for all referenda which are submitted for a vote. | | | A. These By-Laws may only be amended by a two-thirds favorable majority vote of those voting at a Section Business Meeting, provided this action is subsequently confirmed by a favorable majority vote of those voting in a mail ballot of the Section membership. | | | If, through a combination of circumstances, both the Chair-Elect and Chair positions fall vacant simultaneously, so that the above procedures are unavailing, the Section Council shall fill both positions on an Acting basis by majority vote for the remainder of the term of these offices. |
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http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/groups/mathsoc/bylaws.htm
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| | Budget Gridlock: Rival Views on 2/3 Vote -- The Case for a Super Majority |
| | Some of those who support a simple-majority vote on the budget have argued that a compromise voting arrangement could be implemented, with a simple majority for the budget and a two-thirds majority for tax bills. | | | Each year, a two-thirds majority of legislators in both the Assembly and Senate must vote for the state's spending plan before the governor can sign it into law. | | | In addition to the two-thirds majority vote requirement, the Legislature is also required by the state Constitution to pass the budget by June 15. |
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http://www.caltax.org/MEMBER/digest/oct98/oct98-6.htm
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| | UCSDGuardian - U.S. plurality voting system criticized by SF author |
| | Instant runoff voting seeks to elect candidates by creating a simple majority, by allowing the voters to rank the candidates in order of preference. | | | Under the current voting system, which is familiar to most Americans, the candidate who earns the largest percentage of the vote -- a plurality and not necessarily a majority -- wins the election. | | | Arguing that votes in U.S. elections do not entirely affect outcomes, author Steven Hill, during a talk on Feb. 18, advocated modifying the U.S. voting system, both to open more opportunities for third parties and to promote increased voter participation. |
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http://www.ucsdguardian.org/cgi-bin/print?param=news_2003_02_20_04
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| | VPEU.DOC |
| | Third, I discuss the implications of qualified majority voting in the Council for the difficulty of decisionmaking, for the weight of the Council vs. the parliament in decisionmaking, and for the importance of the judiciary and the bureaucracies in the EU. | | | Now with the simple qualified majority criterion (169/237) the number of winning coalitions is 2707/32768, while with the triple one, it is reduced to 2692/32768 (now the first three decimal points are identical). | | | In the first case the decision is made by congruent majorities in both chambers, in the second, unanimity in the upper house is required (along with a majority in the lower house). |
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http://www.polisci.ucla.edu/tsebelis/VPEU.DOC
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| | Ratifiers for Democracy |
| | If the governor voted against the bill, then a majority (50% plus one vote) of voting Ratifiers is needed to | | | pass into law or reject, by a simple majority. | | | This gives the legislature and the governor the ability together to override even a majority of ratifiers and |
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http://www.ratifiersfordemocracy.org/
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| | BBC NEWS VOTE2001 TALKING POINT Tactical voting - trick or treat? |
| | Tactical voting is a cynical attempt by a minority to overturn the wishes of the majority. | | | Tactical voting would be pointless if either the SDP-wing of the LDs became annihilated, leaving a real Liberal Party, or the current election system was replaced by a simple yes/no vote of confidence in the sitting MP at the dissolution. | | | This is the third General Election in which I will be voting tactically. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/vote2001/hi/english/talking_point/newsid_1338000/1338902.stm
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