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| | Romanian Revolution of 1989 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Even after the Berlin Wall fell and Ceauşescu's southern comrade, Bulgarian leader Todor Zhivkov, was replaced in November 1989, Ceauşescu ignored the threat to his position as the last old-style communist leader in Eastern Europe. | | | The question of a possible resignation arose again on 17 December 1989, when Ceauşescu assembled the CPEx (Political Executive Council) to decide upon the necessary measures to crush the Timişoara uprising. | | | In May 1990, partly due to the National Salvation Front's use of the media and of the partly preserved Communist Party infrastructure to silence the democratic opposition, Ion Iliescu became Romania's first democratically elected president with a majority of 85%. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Revolution_of_1989
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| | Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Commenced as a civil war between Parliament and King, culminating in the execution of Charles I and the establishment of a republican Protectorate. | | | Failed republican revolutions against British rule in Canada. | | | Failed anarchist revolution against both Bolshevism and the White movement. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions
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| | Ion Iliescu - |
| | He argued that, since he was also a PSD candidate for the 2004-2008 Romanian Senate (the upper chamber of the Parliament), he had the right to campaign for his supporting party, thus increasing the doubt that his actions as President had been marked by a conflict of interest. | | | Ion Iliescu (born March 3, 1930) is a Romanian politician. | | | Iliescu is accused by his opponents of having held three terms in office (four, counting the one between December 1989 and June 1990), although the Constitution, adopted in 1991, during his first mandate (1990-1992), was not to allow it. |
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http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/Ion_Iliescu
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| | Untitled Document |
| | Article 88 of the Romanian Constitution stipulates the right and the duty of the President for presenting messages in front of the Parliament. | | | We have built together the institutions of a democratic state, of the rule of law and those were confirmed by the Romanian Constitution in 1991. | | | It was an act of great courage and dignity of the Romanian nation. |
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http://www.nato.int/romania/speechion27oct.htm
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| | Institute for Healthcare Improvement: Improving Maternal and Child Health in Rural Romania |
| | Literacy and numeracy classes are run for the Romanian children and for those with special needs who are not included in the school system. | | | The "orphans" were not without parents but were the children born as a consequence of his policies. | | | In his bid to increase the working population, President Ceausescu made contraception and abortion unlawful. |
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http://www.ihi.org/IHI/Topics/Improvement/ImprovementMethods/ImprovementStories/ImprovementinRuralRomania.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | What is significant in the case of the Romanian Revolution is that we have not just one, but several “whistleblowers” who worked in the former Securitate, and in two cases served in the USLA, who have admitted that components of the USLA were the hub of the December 1989 “terrorist” actions. | | | When it comes to the question of Nicolae having been tortured prior to his death, Ratesh in 1991 notably stated that this version was “attributed to an official of the Romanian Ministry of the Interior”—i.e. | | | The Securitate chief for Sibiu County, Theodor Petrisor, wrote in April 1991: “On Monday, 18 December 1989, upon the order of the [Militia’s] Inspector General, I activated the antiterrorist intervention group. |
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http://homepage.mac.com/khallbobo/RichardHall/pubs/checkmate040405.doc
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| | Central Europe Review - Romanian News Review |
| | With the Romanian parliamentary and presidential elections rapidly approaching, Costea has asked that the Paris High Court to issue a distraint order against both the Party for Social Democracy in Romania and its leader Ion Iliescu. | | | Adrian Costea, the businessman at the centre of investigations by French magistrates into criminal activities which caused a major scandal in Romanian political circles earlier this year, has himself sought legal redress. | | | Ilascu has been held prisoner in the breakaway Moldovan province of Dnestre under death sentence since 1992. |
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http://www.ce-review.org/00/34/romanianews34.html
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| | The December Revolt and the Coup D'Etat - 1989: Romanian Security And Intelligence Organizations |
| | The Romanian Minister of Internal Affairs in early December 1989 was Tudor Postelnicu, previously chief of the Securitate. | | | Officers and men from the Fifth Directorate, which numbered approximately 500, became the backbone of the pro-Ceausescu forces during the revolution. | | | According to incomplete official estimates issued after the revolution, the total number of employees in the State Security Department was 14,259 as of 22 December 1989, including 8,159 officers, 5,105 warrant and noncommissioned officers, and 984 'civilian' personnel. |
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http://www.ceausescu.org/ceausescu_texts/revolution/december_revolt_organizatii.htm
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| | 10/28/97 - 'Mad Forest' identifies with different people - IDS Online, Theater |
| | She returns from America after the Revolution with a different perspective, and the second act reveals more about her past. | | | The snippets of scenes from the first act begin to make sense in the larger text of the play as the second act progresses. | | | Each relates his or her experiences of the Revolution through a series of monologues, from a Securitate member who believes in law and order (graduate student Timothy Hanna) to a girl student who accounts the Revolution in a jubilant manner (sophomore Emily Hoover). |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~ids/archives/1028mad.html
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| | Ceausescu and Chess |
| | He was the head of state from 1965 to 1989. | | | In 1965, at the age of 47, Ceausescu succeeded Stalinist hard-liner Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej as head of Communist Party and head of Romanian state. | | | He is notorious today for being the sole communist leader in the midst of the 1989 revolutions to refuse concessions to the reformers. |
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http://www.romanianchess.org/magazin/ceausescu.html
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| | menniu |
| | The Constitution marked Romania's transition towards a democratic and social state of law, wherein the dignity of man, the freedoms and rights of the citizens, the free development of human personality represent paramount values and are therefore guaranteed. | | | In the context of the newly gained freedom through the Romanian revolution of 1989, the Constituent Assembly voted the Romanian Constitution in 1991. | | | Despite numerous difficulties the People's Advocate is becoming established in Romanian society, and is perceived by Romanian citizens as an institution of hope, an institution to which they frequently refer and in which they start to gain more and more confidence. |
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http://www.avp.ro/bvenprez.html
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| | diploweb.com Geopolitics - Romania: the revolution of december 1989,by Catherine Durandin |
| | Mihai Botez after having been a fellow in the United States at the Kennan Center in 1987-1988, and then a lecturer at The University of California at Berkeley, became in 1990 the Romanian Ambassador at the United Nations and then in Washington. | | | It was another bad analysis which led the Soviet to not understand, in November-December 1989, the extraordinary work of Chancellor Helmut Kohn (1982-1998) - with the total support of Washington. | | | The President of the United States saw in 1989, the moment to play the "Gorbachev card.", the opportunity to back him up, to support him, and to push him. |
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http://www.diploweb.com/english/romania/durandin1.htm
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| | The Epoch Times Account of Chinese Terror Strikes a Chord in Romania |
| | This break in the Romanian government’s monopoly of information helped the people of Timosoara realize there was an alternative to Ceaceascu and communism. | | | It is not a matter of revenge, but we need to be truthful” said Timisoara’s Mayor Gheorghe Ciuhandu, the first speaker at the seminar and an active participant in the 1989 revolution. | | | The citizens of Timosoara helped ignite the whirlwind Romanian revolution of 1989 that lead in a mere matter of days to the toppling of Ceaucescu, the communist dictator who had ruled the country with an iron fist for twenty-four years. |
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http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-10-19/33499.html
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| | Anniversary of a Revolution |
| | Ceausescu defiantly denounces the political changes sweeping across Eastern Europe at the 14th Congress of the Romanian Communist Party. | | | None of the 3308 members vote against his re-election. | | | This was the watershed of the Revolution - differentiating it from previous demonstartions such as strikes in the Jiu valley and the 1987 roits in Brasov. |
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http://www.enzia.com/Pages/Rev3.html
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| | Bucharest - City of Revolution |
| | His message was not lost when Romanian delegates gathered at Alba Iulia, where he declared the union of the provinces in 1599, on 1 December 1918 to call for the unification of Transylvania, Banat, Crisana and Maramures with the Romanian state. | | | This prince of Walachia briefly united the Romanian provinces of Walachia, Moldova & Transylvania in 1600, before being murdered by his Austrian enemies on 9 August 1601. | | | To the Romanians of today, perhaps the most important political leader is Michael the Brave (Mihai Vitezul), the leader of the first unified Romanian state in history. |
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http://weecheng.com/europe/1995/romania3.htm
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| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: Golaniad |
| | The Golaniad started in April 1990, before the election of 20 May, 1990, which were the first election after the Romanian Revolution of 1989. | | | In the Romanian press, the protests following the 2004 Ukrainian presidential elections were compared with the Romanian "Golaniad". | | | It was initiated by students and professors at the University of Bucharest. |
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http://pedia.nodeworks.com/G/GO/GOL/Golaniad
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| | News from December 21 |
| | Reverting to the question addressed to the President of Romania by a media person the President said that the situation was the result of a Parliamentary decision ; provisional measures were adopted to cover the entire period until a new CA would be nominated and then assigned. | | | The event is organized by the Presidency of Romania, the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, the Cabinet and the Secretariate of State for Issues and Problems of the Revolutionaries of December 1989. | | | The President of Romania said he met the representatives of all social strata and sectors during his stay at Timisoara. |
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http://www.ici.ro/romania/en/stiri/arh2001/e_dec21.html
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| | Media in Romania |
| | Asked of the state of Romanian media in 2000, Mr. | | | Then, Cornel Ciomazga became the President of the Association of European Journalists, Romanian branch. | | | Read the interview with Cornel Ciomazga, President of the Association of European Journalists, Romanian Branch. |
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http://butan.freeservers.com/media.html
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| | EFL Teaching in Romania |
| | Every fall, the issue of the FL to be studied in elementary schools | | | However, shortly after World War I, English emerged as one of the subjects in the Romanian college and school curricula. | | | At first, it was taught in college only. |
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http://www.tesolgreece.com/nl/72/7201.html
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| | BUCHAREST DAILY NEWS |
| | There is room in the cooperation between Jordan and Romania for an in-depth exploitation of the investment potential of these the two countries, stated Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs Mihai Razvan Ungureanu on the occation of his official visit to Jordan last October. | | | According to Minister Ungureanu, the Jordainan market is open for the Romanian offer of energy services, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, furniture and textiles. | | | Appearing to decline constantly after the 1989 Romanian Revolution that ousted communism, bilateral economic relations returned to an ascending trend in the last two years but the trade potential is still generous. |
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http://www.daily-news.ro/article_detail.php?idarticle=20629
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| | Untitled |
| | After 1989, the privatisation process started on the basis of the Decree Law nº 42/1990 and Land Law nº18/1991. | | | The hurried upland distribution carried out separately by each county (judetz) had the effect that the number of landowners was multiplied by almost 2,000. | | | Before the 1989 revolution, agricultural property was divided as follows: |
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http://www.fao.org/sd/2002/TCPROM2801/fao_tcp_document.htm
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| | Romania |
| | The Minister of Health told us we were the first foreigners in his office. | | | The television stations are running non-stop all of the gory details of the capture and military trial, including the sentencing and firing squad death, of the late dictator Nicolai Ceaucescu. | | | The Undersecretary of Health and his assistant over the orphanages, were brought to the USA and visited Vanderbilt, Cornell and Arkansas Children's hospitals and cooperative agreements with Cornell and University Of Arkansas medical schools were instituted. |
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http://www.partnersinprogress.org/romania.shtml
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| | Transatlantic Information Exchange System [TIES] |
| | Hussein was raised in the farming village of Tikrit by his widowed mother, started some law studies in Cairo and finished them later on in Baghdad… law unfortunately never applied under his governance. | | | Romanians did Romanian revolution; US soldiers did Iraq 'revolution' | | | And last but not least he and his wife Elena were executed on Christmas Day, 1989… the day Christ was born the dictator had to die ! |
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http://www.tiesweb.org/dialogues/incorrect/archives/grama.php3
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| | Reflections - Late December, 1989 |
| | Shel Horowitz reflects on his personal connection to the 1989 Romanian Revolution. | | | Digression #2: In Israel, in Sfat, we passed the Chernobyl synagogue and were taken in for Shabbas dinner by Chassidic vegetarians who lived in an all Chassidic housing project that looked just like Co-op City. | | | They spoke no English and invited us back to a wedding feast for a cousin we'd never heard of. |
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http://www.frugalfun.com/prose.html
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| | Romania Revolution 1989 |
| | Romanian Revolution 1989 [December 20-31, 1989] Following the indiscriminate killing of protestors by government security forces in Timisoara (Temesvar) (December 20-22), President Ceausescu fled Bucharest as fighting broke out between security forces and the opposition, which was supported by elements of the army. | | | Ceausescu was captured (December 23), tried, convicted of genocide and gross abuses of power, and executed with his wife (December 25). | | | Police fired on demonstrators at Bucharest (December 21), and armed insurrection began (December 22), which immediately became a nationwide civil war, with the army joining the revolution and quickly defeating government internal security forces. |
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http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/romeo/romania1989.htm
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| | Ceausescu's Trial - transcript Romanian Revolution December 1989 Timisoara Romania |
| | Defendant, if you had no accounts in Switzerland, will you sign a statement confirming that the money that may be in Switzerland should be transferred to the Romanian state, the State Bank. | | | Now the counsel for the defense, who was appointed by the court, asks whether Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu know the aforementioned facts -- that he is no longer president, that she has lost all official functions. | | | CEAUSESCU: I repeat: I am the president of Romania and the commander in chief of the Romanian army. |
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http://www.timisoara.com/timisoara/rev/trialscript.html
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| | Transitions Online: The Myth Factory |
| | The revolution was, rather, the coming together of a number of elements, two of the most important being the alienation of political elites from the government (and, perforce, identification with the Communist Party and the state) and the economic deprivation that had produced so much common suffering. | | | Siani-Davies shows that Securitate units did not play a significant role in the repression after the overthrow of Ceausescu. | | | The second myth, closely allied to the first, is that of the "Securitate terrorists," those individuals and groups who remained loyal to Ceausescu and attempted to repress the revolution even after his execution. |
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http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/article.tpl?IdLanguage=1&IdPublication=4&NrIssue=146&NrSection=2&NrArticle=15347
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| | Talk:Romanian Revolution of 1989 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This page was last modified 01:08, 8 April 2006. | | | There is no question that after the fact, both claimed to be on the side of the revolution. | | | The discussion at Talk:Romanian Revolution of 1989/Archive 1#Terrorists also raises some interesting matters we haven't fully explored in the article; someone may want to write a section on the controversy over who the "terrorists" were (or if there were none at all and it was just a matter of confusion). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Romanian_Revolution_of_1989
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| | Romanian Revolution in Bucharest |
| | This company of Securitate-Militie, lead by a Major-Sargeant (with his back in front of us), was deployed from Baneasa Barracks, where I was also a conscript between September 1988 and June 1989. | | | December 21, 1989 marked the beginning of the popular uprising in Bucharest, later known as the Romanian Revolution. | | | A Romanian equivalent of the KGB, or of the Stasi, it had several sections and wings, including the Secret Service with several divisions, Ceausescu' "black suits", a foreign intelligence wing, but also a regular army wing that was taking conscripts. |
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http://mepopa.com/rev.htm
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| | The Virginia Quarterly Review » Book Notes |
| | The revolution stemmed from an attempt to evict a dissident clergyman from his residence in the town of Timisoara. | | | The Romanian revolution became the first national revolution in which television played a prominent role. | | | The Romanian Revolution of December 1989, by Peter Siani-Davies. |
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http://www.vqronline.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/9165?PHPSESSID=2c03d822dd019ecba408a58e880c286b
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| | Loredana-073 |
| | He is considered to be one of the most important contemporary Romanian writers, who made his name known, during his life (1936 – 1996) on almost all continents. | | | Alone among poets, he put his own particular mark on Romanian literature, struggling with political prejudices, with the limits of the Romanian language, with critics and with his own limitations as a writer. | | | People who had never read his work disliked him. |
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http://www.niederngasse.com/Departments/C_and_C/loredana_073.html
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| | Romanian 'moles' helped French hostage release - World - theage.com.au |
| | The Romanian newspaper Averea quoted a local secret service agent as saying President Traian Basescu had appealed to an Arab network, cultivated by former communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu, for help after three Romanian reporters were taken hostage near Baghdad in March. | | | But she has remained tight-lipped when asked about the Romanian journalists who claimed to have been held with her. | | | Aubenas, a 44-year-old senior correspondent for the Liberation newspaper, was released with Hanun on Saturday after five months in captivity. |
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http://www.theage.com.au/news/World/Romanian-moles-helped-French-hostage-release/2005/06/15/1118645845414.html
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| | IISH - Today in 1989 : 23 December - Romanian Revolution |
| | The revolution had been kindled half-way December with insurrections led by the Hungarian minorities in Timisoara and Arad. | | | In these two towns communist authorities were forced to leave even before the Ceausescu's had fled the capital in a heli and were arrested on 22 December. | | | The Dutch ambassador in Romania, Coen Stork, in December 1989 collected materials from the dissident movement on the spot and donated these to the IISH. |
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http://www.iisg.nl/today/en/23-12.php
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| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: Snagov |
| | The first record of it is in a document dated 1408 from the court of Mircea cel Batran. | | | In 2002, the Romanian government decided to build a Disneyland-style park named "Dracula Park" in Snagov, but the project's future appears to be uncertain as of 2004. | | | Nowadays, it is a popular holiday resort and many villas were built on the shores of the lake, especially after the Romanian Revolution of 1989. |
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http://pedia.nodeworks.com/S/SN/SNA/Snagov
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| | About Us |
| | Dumitru participates as a founding member and is elected Vice President (over a two year period) of the Romanian National Association of Complementary Therapies. | | | This system is still in use in that department. | | | The Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Romanian Public Health Institute organized the International Heart Day. |
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http://www.vitalitate.com/despre_noi1.htm
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| | Bill Clinton to visit Romania - Wikinews |
| | Bill Clinton, the former President of the United States of America, will make a visit to Romania on May 21, to participate as the keynote speaker at the BeyondBorders 2005 conference in Bucharest. | | | He was the first US president to visit Romania since the Romanian Revolution of 1989 that overthrew the Communist regime. | | | Clinton's previous visit to Romania was in July 11, 1997, when he visited the country to promote political and military integration around the time of the NATO Summit. |
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http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton_to_visit_Romania
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| | 16-22 December 1989 Revolution Memorial Association in Timisoara |
| | · Document basis (memories, declarations of the revolution victims, court documents such as sentences, etc); | | | President of the 16-22 December 1989 Revolution Memorial Association in Timisoara | | | 16-22 December 1989 Revolution Memorial Association in Timisoara |
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http://www.infotim.ro/memorial89/amr/amren.htm
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| | The Bridge of Sighs: Composition Notes |
| | This work, called Tzara's Monocle, was my attempt at a sprawling epic which concerned the Romanian Revolution of 1989. | | | I wrote the first third in Boston, received my degree, and was then awarded a Fulbright grant to go to Romania and research the rest of the book. | | | The story, which moved along nicely at times, was suddenly stopped in its tracks so various characters could give lectures on Romania, communism, Romanians, and the infamous Ceausescu family. |
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http://www.olensteinhauer.com/books/bridge/bridgenotes.html
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| | Human Rights |
| | The Romanian constitution in1991 was the guarantee of a further free and democratic country. | | | At 10 years after the Romanian Revolution in 1989, Romania is on its way towards the integration in European Union. | | | Progress towards EU integration has certainly been made. |
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http://butan.freeservers.com/human.html
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| | The APAD Weblog |
| | Ian Parry was a photojournalist who died whilst on assignment for the Sunday Times during the Romanian revolution in 1989. | | | The Scholarship was set up by his friends and family in order to build something positive from such a tragic death. |
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http://www.aphotoaday.org/news/past/000682.html
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| | svet umetnosti |
| | This year you held an exhibition with the group SubReal in the Romanian pavilion at the Venice Biennale. | | | In fact this revolution opened the history of TV revolutions and wars. | | | You were the first director of the Romanian Soros Center for Contemporary Arts. |
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http://www.ljudmila.org/scca/worldofart/99/99calinintang.htm
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| | Transmitter - April 2000 - News Odyssey No More |
| | She was CNN’s principal anchor and vice president in charge of the New York Bureau, appearing regularly as anchor of "Newswatch," "Inside Politics" and "Prime News," and was a member of CNN's political anchor team in 1980-88. | | | During her career at NBC News, she became the first woman to win a national Emmy Award for anchoring an evening newscast during the Romanian Revolution in 1989. |
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http://www.umcom.org/transmitter/apr2000/NO_nomore.htm
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| | Central Europe Review - Film: Videograms of a Revolution |
| | Rather than interweaving government and popular culture into the social fabric in order to promote general welfare, the inheritors of the 1917 revolution fell to technological breakdown, factional non-elected governments, and paranoia, stagnating into tyranny. | | | He denounces the lies of the fallen government, for whom he and so many others had sacrificed so much; a government that had divided Romanians from each other and from Hungarians and Germans. | | | While the montagists' films were often meticulously planned re-enactments, Farocki and Ujica's work consists of found-footage, assembled and intercut with rather awkward titles to gradually reveal the course of history. |
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http://www.ce-review.org/99/17/kinoeye17_privett.html
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| | Book Shop: The Romanian Revolution of December 1989 |
| | The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was the most spectacularly violent and remains today the most controversial of all the East European upheavals of that year. | | | Despite (or perhaps because of) the media attention the revolution received, it remains shrouded in mystery. | | | Historic mosques come under attack by mobs protesting unrest in Kosovo; politicians and Orthodox leaders try to calm the crowds. |
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http://www.tol.cz/look/store/article.tpl?IdLanguage=1&IdPublication=11&NrIssue=1&NrSection=1&NrArticle=13817
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| | Story of a Young Romanian Woman Disabled by Political Violence |
| | That same year I was selected to be part of the National Committee for organizing the ten-year Anniversary of the Romanian Revolution in 1989, and was chosen to give a speech to the Romanian Parliament. | | | I became paraplegic in December 22, 1989, when there was a big revolution in Romania. | | | I am presently a student at the American English Institute (AEI), University of Oregon, where I received a scholarship. |
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http://www.disabilityworld.org/04-05_03/violence/ioan.shtml
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| | The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health |
| | He stated that those activities subverted the authority of the State and were not scientific according to the communist philosophy based on the dialectical materialism of Marx. | | | The Romanian Association of Hypnosis and Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy (RAHCP) was officially founded in 2000 around the infrastructure of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca. | | | After the Romanian Anticommunist Revolution of 1989 and our move towards democracy, the universities reinstated programs in psychology. |
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http://www.psychotherapy.ro/content/view/35/78
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| | The Lift Foundation |
| | For many Romanian parents, the only alternative to starvation was to abandon their children to state run institutions that were appallingly ill equipped to handle the tens of thousands of youngsters in urgent need of care. | | | Yet Romanians continue their struggle today to overcome a disastrous and demoralizing social and economic legacy that still counts children and families as its most tragic victims. | | | Ceausescu's exploitation of his own people began with a policy of forced urbanization that destroyed hundreds of rural villages and relocated thousands of peasants into Soviet style apartment blocks. |
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http://www.liftfoundation.org/background.cfm
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| | Foreign Affairs - Book Review - The Romanian Revolution of December 1989 - Peter Siani-Davies |
| | Unlike the "velvet revolutions" that preceded it elsewhere in Eastern Europe, this one was bloody and chaotic, because a self-deluded leader had not lost his nerve in using force. | | | If revolution, in its purest form, involves the unplanned and unguided explosion of a population that has had it not just with a leader but also with an entire system, then the events of December 1989 in Romania qualify. | | | Siani-Davies has reconstructed the rush of events during these three revolutionary weeks literally hour by hour. |
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http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20050901fabook84549/peter-siani-davies/the-romanian-revolution-of-december-1989.html
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