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| | List_of_leaders_of_the_Soviet_Union |
 | | Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR | | | The " Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet " was the equivalent of President of the state while " Chairman of the Council of Ministers " and "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars" were equivalent to Premier or Prime Minister. | | | The post of General Secretary was created in April 1922 but did not come to signify the party leader or leader of the country until after Stalin won the struggle with Trotsky to succeed Lenin. |
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http://q-basic.xodox.de/Leaders_of_post-Soviet_independent_states
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| | History of post-Soviet Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Soviet-era Central Bank was still subordinate to the conservative Supreme Soviet as opposed to the presidency. | | | On January 2, 1992, Yeltsinâacting as his own prime ministerâenacted the most wrenching components of economic reform by decree, thereby circumventing the Supreme Soviet and Congress of People's Deputies, which had been elected in June 1991, before the dissolution of the USSR. | | | In the meantime, Yeltsin co-opted a large segment of the electorate by appointing Lebed to the posts of national security adviser and secretary of the Security Council. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_post-communist_Russia
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| | Russian Peace-keeping Forces in the Post-Soviet Area |
| | The participation of Soviet officers in UN operations as observers did not contradict this approach, since international organizations were assigned the role of a force containing imperialist states and their aggressive aspirations. | | | On II December, the Georgian Supreme Soviet dissolved the Southern Ossetian autonomous region and adopted a law on Extraordinary Situations. | | | As a result of their efforts, the Heads of the Supreme Soviets of Georgia and Russia - Gamsakhurdia and Yeltsin - signed the protocol for the settlement of the Southern Ossetian situation at the border of the two republics in March 1991. |
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http://www.memo.ru/hr/hotpoints/peace/peacekeep.htm
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| | 186166.txt |
| | This section begins with a history of the shadow economy and privatization during the late Soviet years and in post-Soviet Ukraine, and then moves to an analysis of organized crime and patterns of corruption in independent Ukraine. | | | Still, in the last decades of Soviet power, judges felt even greater dependency upon their two vertical masters: the Ministry of Justice and the higher courts. | | | Subsequent Soviet leaders expanded the role of the Procuracy in public affairs, partly to counter the secret police in succession struggles, but also to develop "socialist legality." Shoring up public confidence in the state and ensuring greater predictability in economic relations were important regime goals, and the Procuracy played a critical role in their achievement. |
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http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/nij/186166.txt
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| | Leaders of post-Soviet independent states - definition of Leaders of post-Soviet independent states in Encyclopedia |
| | Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR | | | The "Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet" was the equivalent of President of the state while "Chairman of the Council of Ministers" and "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars" were equivalent to Premier or Prime Minister. | | | The post of General Secretary was created in April 1922 but did not come to signify the party leader or leader of the country until after Stalin won the struggle with Trotsky to succeed Lenin. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Leaders_of_post-Soviet_independent_states
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| | In Defense of the Russian Revolution: A Reply to the Post-Soviet School of Historical Falsification |
| | In June 1917 the elections to the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets produced 283 Socialist-Revolutionary delegates, 248 Menshevik delegates and only 105 Bolshevik delegates. | | | In The Soviet Tragedy, Martin Malia proclaims that the collapse of the Soviet Union arose inexorably from the socialist aspirations of the Russian Revolution. | | | But his general identification of the Soviet Union with socialism is central to his thesis that the end of the USSR, and with it, the close of the "short" twentieth century, represents the end of socialism itself. |
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http://www.wsws.org/history/1995/apr1995/idrr.shtml
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| | soviet - encyclopedia article about soviet. |
| | The main tasks of the congress were the election of the standing legislature, the Supreme Soviet, and the election of the chairman of the Supreme Soviet, who acted as head of state. | | | The Supreme Court supervised the lower courts and applied the law, as established by the Constitution or as interpreted by the Supreme Soviet. | | | The Supreme Soviet, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the chairman of the Supreme Soviet, and the Council of Ministers had substantial authority to enact laws, decrees, resolutions, and orders binding on the population. |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Soviet
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| | Post-Soviet states - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The issue of dynastical succession has been another element affecting the politics of some post-Soviet States, with Ilham Aliyev following up on the presidency of his father (Heydar Aliyev) in Azerbaijan, and theories about the children of other leaders in Central Asia also being groomed for succession. | | | Post-Soviet states are subject to various developments in geography, history, politics, economy, and culture in the post-Soviet era, the time after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in the period following Communist Party rule. | | | The three Baltic states have not sought membership to any of these post-Soviet organizations, seeking and achieving membership in the European Union and NATO instead (only their electricity and rail systems remain closely connected with former soviet organisations). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_states
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| | Soviet and post-Soviet technology |
| | Soldiers and the Soviet State: Civil-Military Relations From Brezhnev to Gorbachev (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990). | | | Revolution in the Factory: The Birth of the Soviet Textile Industry, 1917-1920 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990). | | | Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies, 1718-1990 (Annapolis: Putnam Aeronautical Naval Inst. |
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http://web.mit.edu/slava/guide/Biblio/6.htm
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| | NCSJ - Post-Soviet States Respond to Anti-Semitism |
| | We came to Warsaw with four members of the United States Congress because we thought it was very important for us to be here to underscore the work of the OSCE in fighting anti-Semitism. | | | It was also an opportunity to talk about the events efforts by governmental bodies, non-governmental institutions, civil society groups and OSCE member states, as well as recommendations [that] have been developed in the field dealing with anti-Semitism. | | | Back in the 1980s, I used to visit the Soviet Union and its republics and meet with Jewish refuseniks and other people who were being persecuted, and advocated on their behalf with the officials of the government. |
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http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/101403Roundtable.shtml
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| | List of leaders of the Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR | | | The post of General Secretary was created in April 1922 but did not come to signify the party leader or leader of the country until after Stalin won the struggle with Trotsky to succeed Lenin. | | | In practice, the leader of the Communist Party used to occupy another position, which led to confusion in the West as to what is the number one person in the USSR: Lenin, Stalin, Malenkov and Khrushchev preferred the post of the premier, while Brezhnev and the successors preferred that of the president. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union/Leaders
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| | H-Net Review: Steven T. Duke on Nation-Building in the Post-Soviet Borderlands: The Politics of National Identities |
| | Graham Smith's essay on the Baltic states actually covers only Estonia and Latvia; Lithuania is excluded based on the incorrect assumption that because independent Lithuania granted citizenship to all individuals resident in the country at the time of independence, ethnic concerns and relations have been solved. | | | Smith challenges the notion that the Soviet Union was a simple federation or an empire; instead, he believes the USSR was a "federal colonial" polity because "the particular nature of the Soviet federation ensured that nation-building took place at both the ethnorepublic and all-union levels" (p. | | | Thanks to their resistance under Poland-Lithuania, the independence of the Cossack Hetmanate of the eighteenth century, the formation of independent states in 1917-18, and their resistance to Bolshevik conquest, both nations could rightly claim the independence they gained in 1991 was not a fluke but the result of firmly rooted historical developments. |
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http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=4768938630445
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| | Georgian president determined to destroy the 'empire of post-Soviet states' - PRAVDA.Ru |
| | Saakashvili refers to post-Soviet states as an empire, but it is a separate question to talk about. | | | Kazakhstan is said to become the next country of the Commonwealth of Independent States to experience another national revolution. | | | The president of the most important republic of the former Soviet Union did not pay any attention to that aspect, though. |
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http://english.pravda.ru/printed.html?news_id=15196
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| | Post-Soviet Women - Cambridge University Press |
| | Victims and agents: gender in post-Soviet states Mary Buckley; Part I. Women in the russian Federation: 2. | | | This volume is the first to take a systematic look at the position of women in the post-Soviet states of the former USSR. | | | Women Outside Russia in Newly Independent States: 11. |
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http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521563208
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| | Soviet and post-Soviet technology |
| | Soldiers and the Soviet State: Civil-Military Relations From Brezhnev to Gorbachev (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990). | | | Revolution in the Factory: The Birth of the Soviet Textile Industry, 1917-1920 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990). | | | The Soviet SST: The Technopolitics of Tupolev-144 (New York: Orion, 1989). |
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http://web.mit.edu/slava/guide/Biblio/6.htm
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| | Leadership - encyclopedia article about Leadership. |
| | Compare the separation of powers (legislative, judicial and executive) formalised (for example) in the constitution of the United States of America. | | | Leaders of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada) | | | Heads of state may operate at cross-purposes with heads of government. |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/leadership
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| | Peacekeeping in the Former Soviet Union: Lessons for Africa - Building stability in Africa, Challenges for the new millennium - Monograph No 46, February 2000 |
| | This was preceded by a pro-independence referendum in the Ukraine, the second largest republic, and by independence declarations adopted by parliaments in all other Soviet states. | | | The immediate cause of the conflicts in the post-Soviet space was the end of the USSR which, as the 20th century incarnation of the historical Russian empire, had kept much of the conflict potential among the hundred-plus ethnic groups over which it ruled under a tight lid. | | | The foreign ministry was busy promoting new friendly ties with the West, while Russia did not even have diplomatic missions in the newly independent states. |
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http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/Monographs/No46/Peacekee.html
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| | Pravda.RU Post-Soviet Republics To Unite Again |
| | Almost the whole post-Soviet space might be retrieved in the nearest future,” stated Borodin More details... | | | The 16th conference of China’s Communist Party held in November 2002 predetermined the present-day situation for the sake of renewal of the ruling elite and for appointment of younger people to the top posts. | | | In 2002 former countries of the Soviet Union, China, South Korea and Latin American countries became the world leaders on the so-called “export” of children, who were later adopted in the USA. |
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http://english.pravda.ru/main/2003/03/06/44126.html
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| | BIGpedia - Post-Soviet states - Encyclopedia and Dictionary Online |
| | The Post-Soviet states, also commonly known as former Soviet republics, are the independent nations which split off from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in its breakup in 1991. | | | Post-Soviet states are subject to various developments in geography, history, politics, economy, and culture in the post-Soviet era, the time after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in the period following Communist Party rule. | | | In 1994, inflation reached 400% in Ukraine, and 1258% in Kazakhstan, but was comparitively lower in the Baltic states (reaching only 45.1% in Lithuania.) 1995 was the absolute nadir of the economic plague in the Former Soviet Republics. |
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http://www.bigpedia.com/encyclopedia/Post-Soviet_states
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| | Russia, Ukraine, Call for Book Proposals - JRL 2-5-05 |
| | For the first time the president formulated in a very candid way the doctrinal circumstance, the concept that Russia has adhered to and will adhere to in relation to its neighbors, namely, Russia will not devise political schemes and projects behind the backs of sovereign governments in the post-Soviet space. | | | First of all, Russia is currently revising its policy in the post-Soviet space and the mechanisms of implementing it. | | | But I'd say that our political objective today is to formalize the Russian integration community that involves the Foreign Ministry, the Security Council, and international integration organizations in the post-Soviet space. |
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http://www.cdi.org/russia/Johnson/9049-21.cfm
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| | Post-Soviet states - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The issue of dynastical succession has been another element affecting the politics of some post-Soviet States, with Ilham Aliyev following up on the presidency of his father (Heydar Aliyev) in Azerbaijan, and theories about the children of other leaders in Central Asia also being groomed for succession. | | | Post-Soviet states are subject to various developments in geography, history, politics, economy, and culture in the post-Soviet era, the time after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in the period following Communist Party rule. | | | The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) consists of 12 of the 15 former Soviet Republics - the 3 exceptions are the Baltics. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_states
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| | Anti-Semitism in the Post-Soviet States - Betsy Gidwitz |
| | If the above are manifestations of contemporary racism and anti-Semitism in the post-Soviet states, the sources of post-Soviet racism and anti-Jewish bigotry require further consideration. | | | Another factor contributing to the growth of anti-Semitism in Russia and Ukraine is the lack of a civil society in the post-Soviet states. | | | The Jewish populations of the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), now often considered part of Central Europe, are also in decline. |
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http://www.jcpa.org/phas/phas-7.htm
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| | Leaders |
| | Leaders of East Germany 4 Chairmen of the Council of Ministers General Secretaries of the Socialist Unity Party German:... | | | List of Canadian Leaders of the Government in the Senate The ministerial office of Leader of the Opposition in the Senat... | | | List of state leaders in 1993 State leaders by year 6 South America Africa Algeria President - 1994) Prime Minister - Be... |
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http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/topics/leaders.html
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| | Site Builder |
| | In 1970 Gorbachev became the leader of the Stavropol Communist Party, and shortly afterward he was elected to the supreme soviet. | | | In 1990 he was elected President of the Supreme Soviet, he resigned from the communist Party in 1991, but retained the presidency by means of popular election, thus becoming Russia's first democratically elected president. | | | In 1989 he ended the Soviet War in Afghanistan, and sought to ease the domination of the communist party. |
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http://russianhistory.freeservers.com/shopping_page.html
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| | president: Definition and Much More From Answers.com |
| | In the United States, Article II of the Constitution provides for the office of the presidency, which is held for four-year terms and filled by election through the electoral college. | | | Other states have what is called a Parliamentary system of government, in which the President is only head of state, and the Prime Minister is the head of government. | | | In states with what is called a Presidential system of government, the President is also the head of government, as well as the head of state. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/president
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| | Kim German.Korean Diaspora in post-Soviet Central Asia |
| | After the collapse of the Soviet Union the independent Kazakhstan established diplomatic relations with both Korean states. | | | It should be noted that among the Soviet Koreans there was a small group of former citizens of the PDRK who had stayed in the Soviet Union upon graduating universities or after post graduate courses or contract work or those who had crossed the border. | | | In the past, both in the academic literature and the vernacular, the term "Soviet Koreans" was used to refer to all Koreans living in the "unified and everlasting Union". |
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http://world.lib.ru/k/kim_o_i/koreandiasporartf.shtml
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| | CDI Russia Weekly #208 - Russia, China, Post-Soviet States |
| | Against the backdrop of the upcoming SCO summit's anti-terrorist agenda, it's no big wonder, then, that China dispatched a high-ranking security mission to travel throughout some post-Soviet states - most notably, Public Security Minister Jia Chunwang, who met Russian Interior Minister Boris Gryzlov on Wednesday in Moscow. | | | CDI Russia Weekly #208 - Russia, China, Post-Soviet States | | | Beijing is also mulling the development of military ties with some non-SCO post-Soviet states. |
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http://www.cdi.org/russia/208-8.cfm
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| | CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies |
| | This is a law across the near Soviet and post-Soviet territory and outside it. | | | it is on the post-Soviet space that Islamic and Christian Orthodox civilizations meet; | | | Foreign researchers, in their turn, forecast that the Soviet armed forces would be replenished by increasingly large numbers of Muslims in the period when the non-technical types of service would be steadily declining and the number of Russian conscripts steadily dropping. |
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http://www.ca-c.org/journal/eng-01-2000/18.melkov.shtml
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