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| | Soviet Encyclopedia Article @ LaunchBase.net |
 | | The main tasks of the congress were the election of the standing legislature, the Supreme Soviet, and the election of the chairman of the Supreme Soviet, who acted as head of state. | | | The Supreme Court supervised the lower courts and applied the law, as established by the Constitution or as interpreted by the Supreme Soviet. | | | The Supreme Soviet, which had an elected chairman who functioned as head of state, oversaw the Council of Ministers, which acted as the executive branch of the government. |
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http://www.launchbase.net/encyclopedia/Soviet
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| | Petrograd Soviet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | There were a number of resignations and on May 1 the Ispolkom voted to allow its members to take cabinet posts (the Bolsheviks and the followers of Martov opposed the move), in return for further concessions. | | | The Second Congress of Soviets opened that evening in the Assembly Hall in Smolnyi. | | | The six hundred or so delegates chose a Presidium of three Mensheviks and twenty-one Bolsheviks and Left SRs. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrograd_Soviet
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| | The Russian Revolution and the Soviet Union Union |
| | Lenin, the Bolshevik leader, returned to Petrograd in April 1917 from his wartime residence in Switzerland. | | | By force of arms, the Communists established Soviet republics in Belorussia (January 1919), Ukraine (March 1919), Azerbaydzhan (April 1920), Armenia (November 1920), and Georgia (March 1921), but they were unable to win back the Baltic region, where the independent states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania had been founded shortly after the Bolshevik Revolution. | | | The remaining Bolsheviks and left-wing SRs declared the soviets the governing bodies of Russia and named the Council of People's Commissars (Sovet narodnykh kommissarov--Sovnarkom) to serve as the cabinet. |
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http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Soviet1.html
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| | soviet -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! |
| | At the fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets, in 1918, a constitution was drawn up that established the soviet as the formal unit of local and regional government and affirmed the All-Russian Congress of Soviets as the highest body of the state. | | | Later, the 1936 constitution provided for the direct election of a two-chamber Supreme Soviet—the Soviet of the Union, in which membership was based on population, and the Soviet of Nationalities, in which members were elected on a regional basis. | | | Much of their authority and legitimacy in the public eye came from the soviets' role as accurate reflectors of popular will: delegates had no set terms of office, and frequent by-elections gave ample opportunity for quick exertion of influence by the voters. |
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http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9068945
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| | Soviets |
| | The Second Congress of Soviets was convened on 8th November. | | | That is why we have declared the Konstadt Soviet the supreme authority in the island." | | | With some little misgiving I passed by the sentries and asked to see the President. |
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http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSsoviet.htm
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| | October Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Second Congress of Soviets consisted of 649 elected delegates; 390 were Bolshevik and nearly a hundred were Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, who also supported the overthrow of the Kerensky Government. | | | For example, The Ukrainian Rada, which had declared autonomy on June 23, 1917, created the Ukrainian National Republic on November 20, which was supported by the Ukrainian Congress of Soviets. | | | This led to an armed conflict with the Bolshevik government in Petrograd and, eventually, a Ukrainian declaration of independence from Russia on January 25, 1918 |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution
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| | "Critical review #1" |
| | The Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets opened in the Smolny at 10:45 p.m. | | | This ended the labours of the historic Second Congress of Soviets. | | | The congress called upon the belligerent countries to conclude an immediate armistice for a period of not less than three months to permit negotiations for peace. |
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http://www.uwm.edu/Course/448-343/index2.html
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| | William Hard. Raymond Robins' Own Story. 1920. Contents. Chapter One. |
| | The United States went away from Petrograd and from Moscow diplomatically vanquished. | | | It was the symbol of the triumph, covert and indirect, but still a triumph, of the Bolsheviks in that Democratic Congress of All Russia. | | | Colonel Billings, the first head, had been obliged to return to America. |
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http://www.ku.edu/carrie/texts/world_war_I/Robins/Robins1.htm
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| | Berkman on the Kronstadt Rebellion |
| | The Communards wanted merely certain Republican liberties, and when the Government attempted to disarm them, they drove the Ministers of Thiers from Paris, established their liberties and prepared to defend them -- nothing more. | | | The Provisional Revolutionary Committee calls upon you all, comrades and citizens, to give it your support and aid. | | | It thought of the Third Revolution as a gradual process of emancipation, the first step in that direction being the free election of |
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http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/bright/berkman/kronstadt/berkkron.html
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| | SAC 1917-1920 |
| | Soviet Congress#6 repudiated Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, now that armistice signed on Western front | | | <>1917my25:All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Peasant Deputies [GRH:375-8] | | | Soviet election, Social Democratic Party (bolsheviks) Executive Committee w/Nogin=president |
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http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~kimball/sac.1917.1920.htm
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| | SparkNotes: The Russian Revolution (1917–1918): The February Revolution |
| | The provisional government was to serve temporarily, until a Constituent Assembly could be elected later in the year to decide formally on the country’s future government. | | | Alexander Kerensky - Member of the provisional government and Petrograd Soviet; wielded significant political power after Nicholas II’s abdication | | | By the time of Nicholas II’s abdication, it had some 3,000 members and had formed an executive committee to lead it. |
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http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/russianrev/section2.rhtml
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| | The Cheka during the Russian revolution |
| | As said above the Bolsheviks-LSR were in the majority at the Congress and they elected two interim bodies. | | | The Cheka was there responsible for 'security in the provinces" while the Dept of the Interior, the NKVD was responsible for "rights and duties of the soviets". | | | Initially 55 commissars were elected, later hundreds more mostly to military units in the Petrograd area. |
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http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/talks/cheka.html
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| | Search Tuna Report for Russian Revolution |
| | an outraged Lenin in October on hearing that the Soviet had abolished the death penalty.... | | | Leon Trotsky Russian Communist Leon Trotsky led his comrades during the Russian Revolution of 1917 and later served as a leader of the Soviet Union under Lenin.... | | | The first revolution overthrew the tsarist government and replaced it with a Provisional Government of Duma members mostly members of the Cadet party, who allowed a Contact Commission of the Petrograd Soviet to advise the government.... |
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http://www.searchtuna.com/ftlive2/877.html
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| | The Avalon Project : Order No. I of the Petrograd Soviet, March 14, 1917 |
| | In all military units which have still not elected their representatives in the Soviet of Workers' Deputies elect one representative to a company, who should appear with written credentials in the building of the State Duma at ten o'clock on the morning of March 2. | | | The orders of the military commission of the State Duma are to be fulfilled only in those cases which do not contradict the orders and decisions of the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. | | | In all its political demonstrations a military unit is subordinated to the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies and its committees. |
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http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/eurodocs/soviet_001.htm
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| | Beginning of the Movement in Kronstadt |
| | Before long, the movement had spread from the ships' crews to the army units in Kronstadt. | | | Since the period of authority of the Kronstadt Soviet had expired, it was resolved at the meeting to call a Conference of Delegates for March 2nd, at which to discuss procedures for the new election to the Kronstadt Soviet. | | | On the first of March, Kalinin, President of the All-Russian Executive Committee and Kuzmin, Commissar of the Baltic Fleet arrived in Kronstadt. |
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http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mhuey/KRN/KRN.2.Beginning.html
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| | Petrograd Soviet: Order No. 1 |
| | In all units which have not yet elected their representatives to the Soviet of Workers' Deputies, one representative from each company shall be elected. | | | In all their political actions, units are subordinated to the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies and their own committees. | | | In all companies, battalions, regiments, batteries, squadrons and separate services of various military departments and on board naval ships committees shall be immediately elected from among representatives of the rankers of the foregoing units. |
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http://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/government/1917/03/01.htm
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| | Collect Russia Table medal commemorating the 50th anniversary of renaming Petrograd (St. Soviet Russian |
| | / Resolution of 2nd Congress of Soviets of the USSR, January 26, 1924/". | | | Credentials & Documents of Soviet State Security & Police | | | Reverse quotes the 1924 decree to rename Petrograd to Leningrad (immediately after Lenin's death), "'To satisfy the request of Petrograd Soviet of workers, peasants and Red Army Deputies - to rename the city of Petrograd into Leningrad'. |
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http://collectrussia.com/DISPITEM.HTM?ITEM=10324
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| | The Beginning of Worker Disturbances in Petrograd |
| | On February 25th, the Bolsheviks formed a Defense Committee in Petrograd, under the presidency of Zinoviev. | | | In the session of the Petrograd Soviet of February 26th, Lashevich, a prominent Communist and member of the Defense Committee and the Revolutionary War Council of the Soviet Republic, gave a report on the situation. | | | The workers' movement in Petrograd was suppressed with utmost cruelty, and before long, had been crushed. |
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http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mhuey/KRN/KRN.1.Petrograd.html
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| | Hexapedia - February Revolution |
| | On February 23 (O.S. March 8, N.S.) a series of meetings and rallies were held on the occasion of the International Women's Day, which gradually turned into economical and political ones. | | | The regime that came into being was an alliance between liberals and socialists who wanted to instigate political reform, creating a democratically elected executive and constituent assembly. | | | On March 1, 1917 the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies issued Order No. 1, which ordered the military to obey its orders rather than those of the Provisional Government. |
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http://www.hexafind.com/encyclopedia/February_Revolution
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| | Propaganda exchange between Kronstadt and the Bolsheviks |
| | The one who surrenders immediately will be forgiven his guilt. | | | You are inspired with a burning desire to build true Soviet power, and by the noble hope of granting the worker freedom of labor, and the peasant the right to control his own land and the produce of his work. | | | In Petrograd the last sailor turned from you when it became known that tsarist General Kozlovsky was running things. |
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http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/russia/izvestiia/issue4.html
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| | Glossary of Organisations: Re |
| | After the victory of the October Revolution and the election of the Soviet Government at the Second Congress of Soviets, the main task of the Revolutionary Military Committee was to fight the counter-revolution and safeguard the revolutionary order. | | | Its members were drawn from the Central Committee, the Petersburg Committee, the Petrograd Soviet, factory committees, trade unions and military organisations. | | | Red Guards were first formed during the Revolution of 1905, and were created again by factory workers, from the bottom up, in March, 1917 to keep order in Petrograd. |
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http://www.marxistsfr.cjb.net/glossary/orgs/r/e.htm
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