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Topic: PZPR

Ads by Google      Untitled Document Solidarity is legalised, a senate is reintroduced to the parliament with the power to veto decisions by the Sejm (lower house), the office of president of Poland is created, and Solidarity is allowed to run candidates in free elections for a limited number of parliamentary seats. Walesa is reelected Solidarity chairman at the movement's second national congress held in April, receiving 77.5% of the votes. In the elections held in June Solidarity wins all of the 161 lower house seats it has been allowed to contest and 99 of the 100 upper house seats. http://www.aldridgeshs.qld.edu.au/sose/revolutionaries/Walesa/note.htm      The Historical Setting: The Polish People's Republic This decision was made despite Moscow's threats to invade Poland if the PZPR picked Gomulka, a moderate who had been purged after losing his battle with Bierut. Within the next two years, the communists ensured their ascendancy by restyling the PZPR as holders of a monopoly of power in the Polish People's Republic. Realizing the need for new leadership, the PZPR chose Gomulka as first secretary in October 1956. http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/classroom/longhist6.html      Poland - THE CONSTITUTION For that purpose, the Supreme Control Chamber (Najwyzsza Izba Kontroli-- NIK--chief agency for oversight of the government's economic and administrative activities) was transferred from the Council of Ministers to the Sejm. These provisions, which in effect surrendered Polish national sovereignty, provoked such widespread protest by the intelligentsia and the Roman Catholic hierarchy that the government was forced to recast the amendments in less controversial terms. Aware that piecemeal revision of the Stalinist 1952 constitution would not meet the needs of a democratic Polish society, in December 1989 the Sejm created a Constitutional Commission to write a fully democratic document untainted by association with Poland's communist era. http://countrystudies.us/poland/71.htm      Warsaw Voice - 15 years ago in the Voice: 1989 "I'm well acquainted with the fact that society associates my name more with martial law than with the present policy of economic reforms," said the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) leader Wojciech Jaruzelski in the speech inaugurating the Central Committee's meeting on June 30. http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/view/6018      Old Code Subject Files: Container List 114.21 Polityka i Rz¹d: PZPR - XI Zjazd Partii. 114.21 Polityka i Rz¹d: PZPR - XI Zjazd Partii, 1989 - 1990 114.21 Polityka i Rz¹d: PZPR - V Zjazd Partii (11-19 listopad) http://www.osa.ceu.hu/db/fa/300-50-1-1.htm      Commanding Heights : Poland Political on PBS Jaruzelski remains president, but Walesa ally Tadeusz Mazowiecki is prime minister. The agreement reserves 60 percent of lower house seats for PZPR, but voters defiantly cross off PZPR candidates and give Solidarity an overwhelming victory. 1954-1967: Growing unrest and the 1956 death of party leader Boleslaw Bierut bring PZPR moderate Wladyslaw Gomulka to power. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/pl/pl_political.html      The Warsaw Voice - PV After the dissolution of PZPR in 1989, Miller became the secretary general of the Polish Social Democratic Party (SdRP), successor of the PZPR. He became a member of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) in 1969, and graduated in 1977 with a degree in political science from the Academy of Social Sciences, affiliated with the PZPR Central Committee. After graduation, Miller became a full-time employee with the PZPR. http://www.thepolishvoice.pl/Mar01/PV14.html      European governments: Poland Parties: SLD + UP Mazowiecki fired the ministers who were members of the late PZPR on Jul 6, 1990. http://www.terra.es/personal2/monolith/0g-pol.htm      Canadian Slavonic Papers: To invade or not to invade? A new look at Gomulka, Nagy, and Soviet Foreign Policy in 1956 Six days later, on October 18, on the eve of the Eighth Plenum of the PZPR, the Soviet Ambassador to Poland, Pantaleimon K. Ponomarenko, told Ochab that the CPSU Politburo had decided to send a delegation to Warsaw in order to discuss the situation in the PZPR and the country. Khrushchev and his colleagues did not suddenly fly to Warsaw on October 19, on the eve of the Eighth PZPR Plenum, solely to prevent Wladyslaw Gomulka's election as First Secretary of the PZPR, as some basic accounts of the crisis sometimes imply. As Khrushchev pointed out in his memoirs, Gomulka held "a position that was most advantageous for us. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3763/is_200112/ai_n9013934/pg_6      [No title] He was on the PZPR's Central Committee from 1980 to 1981 and 1986 to 1990; from 1980 to 1985 he was a member of the Council of Ministers. In the years leading to the Round Table negotiations (1986-88), he was General Secretary of the PZPR's Central Committee and General Secretary of the National Council of the Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth. From 1972 to 1985 Ciosek was a Deputy to the Sejm, and from 1975 to 1980 he was a regional First Secretary in the PZPR. http://www.umich.edu/~iinet/PolishRoundTable/ciosek.html      library  This is a very disturbing sign, particularly because the latest session of the PZPR CC Politburo and the decision it adopted to introduce martial law had suggested that the Politburo was beginning to act more decisively.         Despite the sufficiently unanimous vote of the PZPR CC Politburo with regard to the introduction of martial law, Jaruzelski is now back to his vacillating position.  On the Results of the Negotiations with the PZPR CC Politburo Member and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Polish People's Republic Cde. http://wwics.si.edu/index.cfm?fuseaction=library.document&topic_id=1409&id=99      Poland the Round Table Agreement Although election to the Senate was to be completely free and open, the PZPR and its traditionally subservient partners, the United Peasant Party and the Democratic Party, were assured of 60 percent of the seats in the 460-member Sejm; and religious organizations long associated with the regime were promised 5 percent of the seats. At the same time, only three of the government's candidates for contested seats received 50 percent of the votes cast. The fifty-seven negotiators at the talks included representatives from the ruling PZPR, Solidarity, and various PZPR-sanctioned quasi-parties and mass organizations, such as the United Peasant Party, the Democratic Party, the Christian Social Union, the Association of Polish Catholics, and the All-Polish Alliance of Trade Unions. http://www.country-studies.com/poland/the-round-table-agreement.html      [No title] He was Deputy Prime Minister from 1981 to 1985, Deputy Speaker of the Sejm and leader of its Socio-economic Council from 1985 to 1988, and a member of the PZPR's Politburo from 1987 to 1990. From September 1988 to August 1989, Rakowski served as the last communist Prime Minister of Poland; from August 1989 to February 1990, he was the last First Secretary of the PZPR. From 1948 to 1990 he was a member of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR), serving on its Central Committee from 1975 to 1990. http://www.umich.edu/~iinet/PolishRoundTable/rakowski.html      people In winter 1989, as a result of the "Round Table" talks, an agreement was signed, calling for partially free election to the Sejm (the opposition was supposed to get 35% of the seats), and entirely free Senate election. In October of that year, after a sharp conflict within the PZPR and difficult negotiations with USSR, Wladyslaw Gomulka once again became the leader of the party and state, enjoying huge support of the nation. Between 1948 and 1956 (the so-called Stalinist era), Poland was ruled absolutely by the communist party, with enormous help of political police and "Soviet advisers". http://home.btclick.com/polishembassy/info/history_in_brief/history_soviet_domin.html      More reading The year 1989 began with a contentious Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR) Plenum in January that led directly to the Round Table Negotiations from February 6 to April 5. Most importantly, beginning on February 6, 1989, representatives of the Communist coalition,6 the Catholic Church, and Solidarity sat down around a donut-shaped, round table to negotiate Poland’s future. Privately, members of the PZPR leadership began to pressure American diplomats by stating that if Jaruzelski was not elected president it would effect the upcoming visit of President Bush. http://www.videofact.com/english/more8.htm      The Warsaw Voice - News After World War II, he returned to Poland in 1948 and became a member of the Polish Workers' Party (PPR), and then a member of the PZPR. Edward Gierek, first secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) in 1970-1980, died July 29 at the age of 88. He began his party career as first secretary of the PZPR Provincial Committee in Katowice. http://www2.warsawvoice.pl/old/v667/News02.html      Profile: Poland's outgoing Prime Minister Leszek Miller Leszek Miller, an eletrician-turned prime minister, was born on3 July 1946 and joined the Polish United Workers Party (PZPR) in 1969. Polish Prime Minister Leszek Miller announced on Friday that he will resign on May 2, one day after his country joins the European Union. Miller became the PZPR secretary in 1988 and a member of the PZPR Political Bureau a year later. http://english.people.com.cn/200403/27/print20040327_138688.html      Political Leaders: Poland The old PPR became the PZPR on 20 Dec 1948 (1st congress, 15-22 Dec 1948) through the merger with the PPS. The PZPR ceased to exist on 30 Jan 1990 at the end of its 11th and last congress. The SdRP was born on 27 Jan 1990 from the dissolved PZPR. http://www.terra.es/personal2/monolith/poland.htm      POLISH OCTOBER (1956) In May 1956 some of members of "Political Office" negotiated with Gomulka. The photograph of Boleslaw Bierut from police's acts, 1927 Besides, Gomulka was chosen the first secretary of KC PZPR. http://www.lo.olecko.pl/total/october.htm      AllRefer.com - Poland - Political Parties Polish Information Resource In return for acknowledging the leading role of the PZPR, the two major coalition partners and three smaller Catholic associations received a fixed number of seats in the Sejm. Typically, the United Peasant Party held 20 to 25 percent of the Sejm seats and the Democratic Party received about 10 percent. For four decades before the historic Round Table Agreement, Poland had three legal political parties: the ruling communist PZPR and its two subservient coalition partners, the United Peasant Party and the Democratic Party. http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/poland/poland205.html      Who Is Who: Leszek Miller Leszek Miller was born in Zyrardow in central Poland. He became a member of the Sejm in 1991. In 1988 secretary of PZPR, and in 1989 he was briefly a member of the PZPR politburo. http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=34170      FREE In-depth report - Martial Law - Poland Party leaders named Jaruzelski prime minister and then first secretary of the PZPR, making the general the most powerful political figure in Poland and completely closing the gap between military and political authority. The following year, Jaruzelski himself became prime minister as a compromise candidate acceptable to all factions of the PZPR's divided leadership. The state of emergency ended officially in mid-1983, but Jaruzelski and his military subordinates remained in control of top party and government offices for the next six years. http://www.exploitz.com/Poland-Martial-Law-cg.php      Poland Country Guide - History and Government - World Travel Guide Provided By Columbus Travel Publishing In 1988, following the virtual collapse of the economy, the PZPR government resigned and opened genuine negotiations with Solidarnosc on economic and constitutional reforms. In 1981, with the backing of Moscow, the former army chief-of-staff, General Wojciech Jaruzelski, replaced Kania and imposed martial law. Solidarnosc was legalised in 1989, paving the way for elections to the new bicameral National Assembly (see below) in June of that year. http://wtg-online.com/data/pol/pol580.asp      AllRefer.com - Poland - The Mazowiecki Government Polish Information Resource Jaruzelski's choice for the position of prime minister, General Czeslaw Kiszczak, had won respect for his flexibility as the primary government representative during the round table talks. After consulting with Moscow, Jaruzelski nominated Tadeusz Mazowiecki, a respected intellectual and longtime Solidarity adviser, to become the first noncommunist Polish prime minister since 1944. Although Jaruzelski had won the presidency, Solidarity was not willing to concede the leadership of the new government to the PZPR. http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/poland/poland179.html      History of Poland In February 1981, Defense Minister Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski assumed the position of Prime Minister as well, and in October 1981, he also was named party First Secretary. Alarmed by the rapid deterioration of the PZPR's authority following the Gdansk agreement, the Soviet Union proceeded with a massive military buildup along Poland's border in December 1980. http://www.historyofnations.net/europe/poland.html      IRI : Around The Globe The PZPR responded to the growing opposition by imposing Martial Law in 1981. While the Yalta agreement called for free elections, the PZPR controlled the 1947 elections and retained control until partially free elections were held in June 1989. In the post-war years, Poland`s political system was dominated by a single party -- the Polish United Workers Party (PZPR). http://www.iri.org/pub.asp?id=3263360858      Jacek Kuron - free-definition In 1953 he became president of the Warsaw University of Technology 's ZMP affiliate, but was quickly expelled both from ZMP and PZPR for openly criticising ZMP's ideology. During his political career he was well known for his sensitivity to social issues. After graduating from Warsaw University with a degree in History in 1957, Jacek Kuroń worked in Polish Scouting Association, the Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego (ZHP) until 1964. http://www.free-definition.com/Jacek-Kuron.html      [No title] The new party, PZPR (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza), openly declares itself to be Marxist-Leninist. 20 March PZPR Plenum elects Edward Ochab as First Secretary. 10-17 March 1954 SECOND CONGRESS (II ZJAZD) of PZPR, which initiates the New Course in Poland. http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/Slavonic/L1Hstal.htm      Friszke A source of great significance is the daily Appendix to the Internal Bulletin of the Ministry of the Interior (MSW), which was distributed by the Office of the Minister to the members of the Politburo and the Secretaries of the PZPR Central Committee, as well as to the First Secretaries of Provincial Party Committees. 1 (report from the PZPR Lublin Provincial Committee of March 11, 1968, 9 p.m.). The decision to mitigate penal policy was dictated by political concerns. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/sipa/REGIONAL/ECE/vol1no1/friszke.html      Poland Solidarity - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ... Favoring negotiation and compromise with the PZPR, the moderates created the Citizens' Committee, which represented Solidarity at the talks in 1989 and engineered the overwhelming election triumph of June 1989. The workers promised to abide by the constitution and conceded the leading role in state affairs to the PZPR. By the time of the local elections of May 1990, Solidarity had splintered, and a remarkable number of small parties had appeared. http://www.photius.com/countries/poland/government/poland_government_solidarity.html      Poland Conscript Training - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ... But the MPA also exercised independent authority as a department of the PZPR Central Committee; ultimate responsibility was to the PZPR, and the head of the MPA was appointed by the PZPR Secretariat. The Main Political Administration (Glówne Biuro Administracji, known in the West by its English-language acronym, MPA) was headed by a deputy in the Ministry of National Defense. The MPA conducted political indoctrination in the armed forces and counseled the army in personnel policy making and appointments. http://www.photius.com/countries/poland/national_security/poland_national_security_conscript_training.html      Paczkowski The Central Committee at its plenary meeting on August 26 endorsed the Politbureau decision to offer talks, formation of the Council of National Reconciliation and to discuss institutional changes (revised electoral law, second house in Parliament, Office of the President). Somewhat arbitrarily, but following the practice of most authors, the parliamentary elections of June 4 (and 18), 1989 were accepted as this historical juncture. This is made up primarily of the already public documents of top authorities from the hegemonistic ruling Party (Ostatni. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/sipa/REGIONAL/ECE/vol1no1/pacz.html      Dates The last congress of PZPR decides to dissolve the party. Plenary of the PZPR elects general Wojciech Jaruzelski the First Secretary The Plenary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers Party (PZPR) http://users.owt.com/rpeto/projects/sol/dates.htm      MILLENIUM Gomulka did not suppose that in this conflict the most of society is on the Church's side, against the PZPR, that his attacks strengthened the Episcopate's position. At the beginning the relations between PZPR and Episcopate were fairly good. In 1958 the conflict between PZPR, government and church became deeper. http://www.lo.olecko.pl/total/mille.htm      The Work Ethics in Poland (II); Work Heroes and Party Actions - Polish Culture There were three official parties in Poland, a Polish United Workers' Party ( PZPR, Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza) was the highest in the rank. The first secretary of the PZPR (Communistic Party)(*), Edward Gierek (read article about him HERE), initiated so-called Party Actions (in Polish "Czyn Partyjny"). In common language "Party" means only the leading PZPR. http://www.bellaonline.org/articles/art5895.asp      SLD At the first congress about 1.000 PZPR delegates took the decision to join the new Republic of Poland’s Social democratic Party (SdRP). The decision about the foundation of SLD shall also be seen in the context of the preparations of the party to the first free election in 1991. The Labour Union (UP) appealed to reform minded members of the former communist party (PZPR) and Poland’s Social Democratic Union (SUP). http://www.sam.sdu.dk/~sr/SLD_uk.htm      FREE In-depth report - Pzpr And Successor Parties - Poland This is public domain information from the US State Department Country Guide. Once the parties that were its traditional allies had repositioned themselves with Solidarity to install a noncommunist government, the PZPR had become a political relic. During the 1990 presidential elections, for example, the SdRP candidate received 9 percent of the vote. http://www.exploitz.com/Poland-Pzpr-And-Successor-Parties-cg.php      cars - Znak Znak was an association of lay Catholics in Poland, active between 1956 and 1976. It was the only Catholic organisation supported both by the PZPR Communist party and the Catholic hierarchy. It was created as one of several smaller groups that sprung up after dissolution of the communist -controlled association PAX of Bolesław Piasecki in 1956. http://www.carluvers.com/cars/Znak      Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact Memorandum of Conversation between the First Secretary of PZPR (Władysław Gomułka) and the Romanian Ambassador to Poland (Petrescu) on the Romanian Proposal to Summon the PCC Speech by the First Secretary of PZPR (Władysław Gomułka) Letter by the First Secretary of PZPR (Władysław Gomułka) to the General Secretary of the PCR (Nicolae Ceauşescu) on the Romanian Proposal to Summon the PCC http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/documents/collection_3/PCC_meetings/coll_3_PCC_1968.htm      Wielkie Biale Braterstwo w historii i kulturze narodu polskiego Plenary of the Central Committee of the Polish Communidst United Workers Party (PZPR) dismisses eight close associates of Edward Gierek (PZPR General Secretary), including Prime Minister Edward Babiuch. Plenary of the Polish Communist Party (PZPR) elects Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski First Secretary. Final Communist PZPR Congress dissolves The Polish Communist Party. http://www.tslpoland.org/walesa.html      Polish United Workers' Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP; in Polish, Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, PZPR), was the governing political party in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PZPR      Polish United Workers' Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP; in Polish, Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, PZPR), was the governing political party in http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/KC_PZPR      Leszek Miller From 1988 secretary of PZPR, and in 1989 member of the PZPR's Political Bureau[?]. Member of the Polish United Workers Party ( PZPR) since 1969 until 1989. After dissolvation of PZPR, 1989-1993 Miller was secretary-general of SdRP[?]. http://www.ebroadcast.com.au/lookup/encyclopedia/le/Leszek_Miller.html      Poland Ministers She was member of Polish Socialist Party and then Polish United Worker's Party (PZPR) in 1948-1981. She was member of Polish Socialist Party and then Polish United Worker's Party (PZPR). Member of the Polish United Worker's Party (PZPR). http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Poland.htm      Alliance of the Democratic Left - Encyclopedia of Political Information PZPR was a communist party, but today's SLD is a pro-European social democratic party. That coalition was established mostly by former members of PZPR (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza - Polish United Workers Party), which ruled in Poland until 1989. In 1999 the coalition became a party, but lost some members. http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/Sojusz_Lewicy_Demokratycznej.htm      Haaretz - Israel News - Article PZPR leaders Zambroski and Berman had not held positions of power since 1956, but Moczar insisted that they were the inciters of the uprising in March 1968. The events of March 1968 and the anti-Zionist policies of the PZPR and the security services were draining the Polish intelligentsia, Rakowski charged. Immediately, these authors were blacklisted by the censors, who banned the publication of their work. http://www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=54356&contrassID=2&subContrassID=8&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y      word count Kubasiewicz — associate Politburo member, first secretary of the Warsaw PZPR Kwasniewski might also appear as chairman of the Socio-Political Committee of the Council of Ministers, or com. Consider a simultaneous speech by spokesmen for the PZPR, ZSL and SD. http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/news/19991105/Doc-57.htm      Poland -> History on Encyclopedia.com 2002 In Oct., 1956, Władysław Gomułka, purged in 1949 from the Polish Communist party as a “rightist deviationist” and imprisoned from 1951 to early 1956, was elected leader of the Polish United Workers (Communist) party (PZPR) and became the symbol of revolt against Moscow. Gomułka denounced the terror of the Stalinist period, ousted many Stalinists from the government and the party, relieved Rokossovsky of his posts, and freed Cardinal Wyszynski from detention. Discontent soon became widespread, and the government was forced to reconsider its policies. http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/Poland_History.asp      Warsaw Voice - By Inviation The decision to dissolve the Polish Social Democratic Party (SdRP), the direct heir of the communist Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR), was made on June 17. After two successful elections, social democrats said they had performed to the maximum of their abilities. In these circumstances, paying debts to the State Treasury (resulting from the property taken over from the PZPR) has a symbolic meaning: The new party needs to be united by the future, not by the past. http://www.warsawvoice.pl/archiwum.phtml/12804      [No title] PZPR (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza) = Polish United Workers Party. VII zjazd PZPR (Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej) = 7th meeting of the Polish United Workers Party. 7 Zjazd PZPR (Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej) = 7th meeting of the Polish United Workers Party. http://members.home.nl/bnieborg/series/2272.html

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