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| | Bhagat Singh and the Revolutionary Movement |
 | | Bhagat Singh became a revolutionary after he came to Kanpur and it is no coincidence that Kanpur was an important industrial city (created by the British to manufacture the cloth and leather articles needed by the army) with a large urban proletariat. | | | By 1929 the revolutionary movement in India had developed and in December of that year, Bhagwati Charan and Chandra Shekhar Azad wrote an article defending the Delhi Bomb Case revolutionaries from Gandhi's scathing criticism. | | | His articles, mostly written for Kirti, deal with the Babbar Akali Movement, the Kakori case, the Delhi Bomb Case, individual revolutionaries, the necessity for young people to come forward and join the revolutionary movement and the need to evolve an alternative to the mainstream leadership of the Congress and particularly, Lala Lajpat Rai. |
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http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv3n1/bsingh.htm
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| | plough82.htm |
| | For the sum of all of this, we remain proud to be part of the Irish Republican Socialist Movement, proud of the movement's history of dedication to a revolutionary course and its rejection of the reformist morass in which so many revolutionary movements in Ireland have sunk in the past. | | | The British Army still patrol our streets, their intelligence service still operates clandestine operations, they continue to maintain and update their military installations. | | | Route one is to follow the Provisional Movement in its headlong rush into constitutional nationalism and accept the status quo of capitalism. |
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http://www.morrigan.net/irsm/plough82.htm
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| | Guerrillas in Mexico |
| | Whether the hoods be the black woollen balaclava helmets favoured by the Zapatist Army of National Liberation, or the Popular Revolutionary Armys cloth masks with ill-cut eyeholes (less hot to wear, but reminiscent of the Ku Klux Klan), they are blossoming. | | | THEY call themselves the Armed Revolutionary Southern Command, the Popular Revolutionary Insurgent Army, the Clandestine Armed Forces of National Liberation. | | | appeared there first, in 1996, at a ceremony to commemorate a police massacre of peasants, calling on the people to exercise popular revolutionary justice against their oppressors. |
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http://www.her.itesm.mx/home/ppenia/mexico-guerrilla.htm
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| | Lier: No Justice, But Peace |
| | Mack’s assassination has been one of several high profile human rights cases that have slogged through the Guatemalan judicial system and tarnished the image the army has tried to create in recent years. | | | According to Gutierrez, in 1995, the courts suffered a "20-year setback because the appointment of judges was politicized, and the political judges marginalized judges who had been handling human rights cases and handing down positive sentences. | | | A February decision did reject amnesty for the officers in the Mack case, a ruling likely to be appealed by the defendants. |
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http://www.zmag.org/ZMag/articles/mar97lier.htm
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| | The Militant - 1/20/97 -- `Peace' Accord Is Signed In Guatemala |
| | The government is to create a 20,000-strong "National Civil Police" that is to assumed the "civil duties" currently assigned to the army by 1999. | | | Of the 40 newly elected Indian mayors, 21 were nominated through newly established local civil committees and ran without any ties to the national political parties. | | | In April, the head of the Immediate Reaction Force of the Guatemalan National Police was killed in an ambush by peasants who were resisting government attempts to remove them from land they had taken. |
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http://www.themilitant.com/1997/613/613_11.html
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| | Mexico - Military Injustice: Mexico's Failure to Punish Army Abuses - Background |
| | These increases were triggered in part by the 1994 armed uprising of the Zapatista National Liberation Army (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) a guerrilla organization in the southern state of Chiapas. | | | In 1996, another guerrilla organization, the Popular Revolutionary Army (Ejército Popular Revolucionario, EPR), appeared in Guerrero and several other states, leading the government to launch counterinsurgency operations in these areas too. | | | The army's participation in civilian law enforcement is sanctioned by the Mexican Constitution, but only so long as it is requested by civilian authorities, does not violate the rights of individuals, and is carried out in strict accordance with the constitution and the law. |
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http://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/mexico/mexi1201-01.htm
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| | The Guatemalan Peace Process: Advocates and Guarantors |
| | In training the staff of the Public Prosecutor's Office, the judiciary and the National Police Force, it hopes to foster a favourable environment for constructive dialogue between local populations and the army, the executive and the judiciary. | | | Crucially for the integrity and sustainability of reconstruction, ten per cent of the national budget allocated to the municipalities is funding training of local authorities and the promotion of dialogue within and between these authorities and the diverse communities they serve. | | | They protest that the law does not guarantee the civilian nature of the police force, and that it fails to define the structure of the force, nor to subordinate it to the criminal investigations of the Public Prosecutors Office. |
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http://www.c-r.org/accord/guat/accord2/prado.shtml
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| | Hexapedia - List of guerrilla movements |
| | Irish National Liberation Army - island of Ireland | | | African National Congress (ANC) - South Africa (political wing of MK) | | | Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC - Colombia |
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http://www.hexafind.com/encyclopedia/List_of_guerrilla_movements
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| | Barrientos Ortuño, René on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Commander of the Bolivian air force, he supported the National Revolutionary Movement (MNR), the majority political party, and was elected vice president in 1964 on the MNR ticket. | | | He soon broke with President Paz, however, and, after joining other army officers in a coup (Nov., 1964), was installed as head of a military junta. | | | He was killed in a helicopter crash and was succeeded by Vice President Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/B/Barrient.asp
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| | Guatemalan Colonel’s Family Established Persecution by Rebels, Court Rules |
| | The court ruled that the petitioners—the wife and son of a Guatemalan army colonel who played a key role in combating rebels—have established a well-founded fear of persecution at the hands of the anti-government forces since the group that killed Hector Hugo Cordon also kidnapped and stabbed Rios and tried to abduct Jordan-Rios. | | | Guatemalan Colonel’s Family Established Persecution by Rebels, Court Rules | | | The panel overturned rulings by an immigration judge and an immigration appeals panel and ordered Attorney General John Ashcroft to reconsider asylum for Julia Floridalma Rios and her son, Paulo Jordan-Rios. |
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http://www.metnews.com/articles/rios050202.htm
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| | The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Political pressure groups and leaders |
| | National Congress Party [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR]; Popular National Congress [Hassan al-TURABI]; Umma [Sadiq al-MAHDI]; Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammed Uthman AL-MIRGHANI]; National Democratic Alliance [Muhammed Uthman AL-MIRGHANI, chairman]; Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army [Dr. John GARANG] | | | leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)] | | | Congolese Trade Union Congress or CSC; General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students or UGEEC; Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women or URFC; Union of Congolese Socialist Youth or UJSC |
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http://www.brainyatlas.com/fields/2115.html
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| | [09-05-96] JOEL SIMON, MILITARIZING MEXICO (SECOND OF III) -- LOW INTENSITY WAR ENHANCES ARMY ROLE |
| | The target of the war is the Popular Revolutionary Army (EPR), the country's second guerrilla insurgency which surfaced last June. | | | Pledging to use the full force of the state to track the insurgents down, President Ernesto Zedillo vowed in his Sept. 1 State of the Union address never to negotiate -- a radical departure from the government's approach to Mexico's more moderate insurgents, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation in Chiapas. | | | Mexico's army was born in the aftermath of the 1910 Revolution and the country's most popular president, Lazaro Cardenas, was also a general. |
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http://www.pacificnews.org/jinn/stories/2.18/960905-military.html
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| | Andrew Clem ~ Bolivia |
| | The National Revolutionary Movement (MNR) won a plurality of votes in national elections. | | | This ignominious defeat set the stage for growing social ferment, culminating in the Revolution of 1952, led by Victor Paz Estenssoro and his National Revolutionary Movement (MNR). | | | The "Chaco War" backfired terribly as the highland Indians in Bolivia's army were ill-suited to the hot, dry climate of the Chaco Desert, and Bolivia actually lost land. |
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http://www.andrewclem.com/LatinAmerica/Bolivia.html
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| | GUATEMALA - State of impunity (1997) |
| | 11 National Reconciliation Law, 27 December 1996, Article 9. | | | The text of the Ley de Reconciliación Nacional, National Reconciliation Law[ | | | 8 See Amnesty International's memorandum to the Guatemalan Government: TheRight to Truth and Justice, (AI Index: AMR 23/26/96), October 1996. |
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http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/intcam/guatemal/report/intro.htm
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| | Mexico Update: December 1999 |
| | This militarization has come in response to the actions of other insurgent groups, such as the Popular Revolutionary Army (EPR) and the Popular Insurgent Revolutionary Army (ERPI), as well as to the peaceful, unarmed actions of diverse social and popular movements. | | | All the upper ranks of the Attorney General’s Department and the Centre for Investigations and National Security (CISEN) in the fight against narcotrafficking are now occupied by military personnel with training in the United States. | | | While the army’s stated purpose was to protect a surveying crew that was mapping out a new road that would connect the community to the major army base of San Quintin, community members strongly opposed its construction, fearful of the consequences of easier army access and a stronger army presence in the area. |
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http://www.web.net/~icchrla/Mexico/MexUpdate-Dec99.htm
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| | Global Exchange - Printer Friendly |
| | The Army argued that these crimes were the result of a confrontation between themselves and the EPR (The Popular Revolutionary Army). | | | During their detention they were threatened with death, tortured, and questioned if they belonged to the rebel group the EPR (The Popular Revolutionary Army). | | | ELOY RAMON ORTIZ was murdered, and other citizens were injured by members of the Mexican Federal Army who acted without provocation. |
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http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/mexico/guerrero/mil/redGuerrero.html.pf
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| | Northern Ireland - The Bombing in Omagh |
| | According to Irish sources the CIRA is also closely allied with yet another dissident republican group, the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), which is said to be supplying the CIRA group with tactical expertise. | | | It was estimated that if LVF killings continued then Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) killings would follow, possibly in collusion with the IRA. | | | INLA aims to use armed struggle to force British troops out of northern Ireland, to force unification of the northern six counties with the rest of Ireland, and to overthrow the current Republic of Ireland in favor of a Marxist-Leninist revolutionary state. |
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http://www.ict.org.il/articles/articledet.cfm?articleid=73
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| | SFBG News Mexico Bronco June 21, 2000 |
| | The national army was used by Salinas to quash PRD protests after PRI fraud in local Michoacán and Guerrero elections from 1988 through 1991. | | | The fifth group, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), now in its seventh year of insurrection in Chiapas, opposes elections and has sometimes burned ballot boxes to demonstrate its antipathy. | | | Faced with ruling-party riot, the army could be called out to defend an opposition victory – if only to check the spiraling economic instability. |
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http://www.sfbg.com/News/34/38/38world.html
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| | Irish National Liberation Army |
| | The Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP) and Irish National Liberation Army [INLA] were founded on December 10, 1974. | | | While acknowledging that national liberation and socialism cannot be achieved through a military victory by guerrilla forces in the national liberation campaign, the IRSP defends the right of the revolutionary forces to employ this tactic whenever useful to achieve its aims. | | | A war for national liberation continues in Ireland today, which traces its roots to the original conquest of the island by Britain in 1167. |
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http://webhome.idirect.com/~mullen/TG_INLA.htm
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| | Mario's Cyberspace Station: EZLN - Zapatistas |
| | Bishop Samuel Ruiz, head of the Dioces of San Cristobal, has many of the same demands that the Zapatista National Liberation Army does, such as social justice for the poor and a society free of exploitation. | | | The Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) leaders said over the weekend they feared the recent "dangerous military buildup in the southern state of Chiapas" would lead to an attack against La Realidad, their mountain hide-out about 125 miles (200 km) south of San Cristobal. | | | The Army sets up another camp in San Pedro Nixtalucum-Zapatista territory |
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http://mprofaca.cro.net/ezln.html
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| | americas.org - Government, Rebels Agree |
| | T he Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG) movement and the government signed an “Accord on Socioeconomic Issues and the Agrarian Situation” May 6 in Mexico City. | | | Three more issues remain to be negotiated: the army’s role, constitutional reform and the reintegration of rebels into society. | | | But the Advisory Assembly of the Displaced Populations and the National Coalition of Campesino Organizations expressed concern that the accord did not specify a date for setting up the land registry. |
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http://www.americas.org/item_12517
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| | Terrorism |
| | Essig, Christopher G. Terrorism: Criminal Act or Act of War: Implications for National Security in the 21st Century. | | | Carlisle Barracks, PA, U.S. Army War College, 2001. | | | Ft. Leavenworth, KS, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, May 30, 2001. |
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http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/terror/gtw.htm
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| | Foreign Special Operations Forces Summer 1997 |
| | The force formed in the wake of peace accords between the Guatemalan government and the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity guerrillas is projected to have 20,000 members by the year 2000. | | | Eventually, the police will replace the security forces and Army units assigned temporarily to law-enforcement duties in the Guatemalan capital. | | | The 1997 U.S. National Security Strategy includes "protecting the global environment managing our forests, stopping the spread of toxic chemicals" as one of a number of strategic priorities requiring interagency approaches. |
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http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/sof/issues/summer97.htm
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| | Zapatista Army of National Liberation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) is an armed revolutionary group based in Chiapas, one of the poorest states of Mexico. | | | They broke onto the national and international scene on January 1, 1994, just one day after the North American Free Trade Agreement with the United States and Canada became operational, as a way of stating the presence of indigenous peoples in the middle of a globalized world. | | | This, and the still recent President Fox's electoral victory in 2000 slowed down the movement, which had less media coverage since then. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapatista_Army_of_National_Liberation
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| | Mexico - Political parties |
| | On 6 March 1929, several revolutionary persons and movements leaded by General Plutarco Elias Calles founded the Revolutionary National Party (Partido Nacional Revolucionario, PNR). | | | Institutional Revolutionary Party / Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) | | | In 1938, under the administration of Lazaro Cardenas, the PNR became the Mexican Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Mexicano, PRM) and created its own professional organizations. |
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http://www.z6.com/z6files/z6files/fotw/flags/mx}.html
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| | americas.org - Guerrillas Hit Six States Hard |
| | During the night of August 28, the Popular Revolutionary Army (EPR) coordinated actions in at least six states. | | | All political parties have condemned the EPR actions, and the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) has distanced itself from the group. | | | The EPR guerrillas identified themselves as the armed wing of the clandestine Democratic People’s Revolutionary Party at an early August press conference in Guerrero. |
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http://www.americas.org/item_12389
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| | SIPAZ REPORT |
| | At the national level, the Popular Revolutionary Army (EPR) appeared on the scene on the first anniversary of the massacre of peasants in Aguas Blancas, Guerrero. | | | Tensions were further heightened by the emergence of the guerrilla EPR (Popular Revolutionary Army). | | | PRD (Democratic Revolutionary Party) members from different communities congregated in the town center of Moyos to demand liberation of two people being held. |
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http://www.sipaz.org/informes/vol1no2/vol1no2e.htm
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| | Marxists Writers Archive |
| | A Brazillian revolutionary who led the National Liberation Action (ALN). | | | National Executive member of the German Social Democratic party. | | | As commissar of war led the Red Army to defeat the Entente in their invasion of Soviet Russia. |
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http://www.marxists.org/archive
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| | Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity |
| | But gradually, between 1986 and 1996, the Guatemalan army and government were drawn into a peace process with the United Nations as moderator and verifier of the process, and other international actors as key players, with major concessions from both sides. | | | The Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (in Spanish: Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca) (initials: URNG) was a guerilla movement which emerged in Guatemala in 1982. | | | Obligations were imposed on the Guatemalan government, including significant constitutional reforms, which were to be internationally binding and be verified by the UN. |
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http://sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/guatemalan_national_revolutionary_unity
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| | Separatist, Para-military, Military, Intelligence, and Political Organizations |
| | Irish Republican Socialist Movement -- including INLA, the Irish National Liberation Army http://www.irsm.org/irsm.html | | | Scottish Separatist Group and Scottish National Liberation Army -- As per the page, the SSG is a political organization supporting the SNLA, which sounds like a violent group. | | | Sinn Fein and Irish Republican Army -- these are some of a zillion sites relating to Sinn Fein and the IRA. |
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http://www.cromwell-intl.com/security/nu/uk.html
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