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| | Panama Online Research :: Information about Panama |
 | | Panama is a republic with three branches of government: executive and legislative branches elected by direct vote for 5-year terms, and an independently appointed judiciary. | | | This treaty became a contentious diplomatic issue between the United States and Panama until the signing of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties in 1977. | | | The judicial branch is organized under a nine-member Supreme Court and includes all tribunals and municipal courts. |
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http://in-northcarolina.com/search/Panama.html
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| | SSHL: Latin American Election Statistics: Panama: Elections and events 1981-1999 |
| | Panama 1998-1999: The constitutional changes needed to allow immediate re-election "were decisively rejected in a referendum on August 30th 1998, when anti-reformists took 64% of the vote; voters appear to have been concerned about the possibility of entrenching a ‘civil dictatorship’ so soon after the end of military rule" (page 6). | | | Pérez 1995: "In 1991, partial legislative elections were held to fill nine seats for which results could not be determined in the 1989 elections; the PRD won five of the nine seats, and the government accepted the outcome" (page 136). | | | Assembly is constituted based on results of May 7 election. |
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http://dodgson.ucsd.edu/las/panama/1981pan.html
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| | JURIST - Panama: Panamanian Law, Legal Research, Human Rights |
| | Panama is a representative democracy with three branches of government: executive and legislative branches elected by direct, secret vote for 5-year terms, and an independent appointed judiciary. | | | The Supreme Court magistrates appoint appellate (Superior Tribunal) judges, who, in turn, appoint circuit and municipal court judges in their respective jurisdictions. | | | At the local level, mayors appoint administrative judges, or "corregidores," who exercise jurisdiction over minor civil cases, and who hold wide powers to arrest and to impose fines or jail sentences of up to 1 year. |
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http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/world/panama.htm
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| | [28 May 1997] BIO/3074 : NEW PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF PANAMA PRESENTS CREDENTIALS |
| | Boyd was Panama's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, where he served as President of the Security Council in March 1973. | | | From 1976 to 1977, he was Panama's Minister for Foreign Affairs, in which capacity he engaged in discussions which led to a new Canal Treaty with the United States. | | | Boyd received his bachelor's degree from Holy Cross College in New Orleans, United States, and earned a diploma in law and political science at the University of Panama. |
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http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1997/19970528.bio3074.html
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| | Bill Proposed to Halt Transfer of Panama Canal on Dec. 1, 1999 |
| | The treaties signed by President Carter and Omar Torrijos in 1977, known as the Panama Canal Treaty and The Neutrality Treaty, as ratified by the Senate with "reservations" are hereby repealed in total, and any and all of their provisions are declared null, void, invalid, and of no effect. | | | (5) The two more recent treaties between Panama and the United States (negotiated by Carter and Torrijos) are fatally flawed by the fact that the United States Senate did not ratify the same version of the treaties agreed to by Carter and Torrijos and signed by Torrijos. | | | This act may be cited as the American Coastal Defense Act of 1999. |
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http://www.greaterthings.com/editorial/canal_transfer.htm
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| | NotiSur - Latin American Political Affairs; May 20, 1994 |
| | According to FMLN deputy Maria Marta Valladares ("Nidia Diaz"), prior to the Assembly's inaugural session on May 1, the FMLN Political Commission had agreed that all FMLN deputies would abstain from voting for members of the Assembly directorate until the new legislature rescinded two controversial rules hastily passed by the outgoing ARENA- dominated Assembly. | | | Upon leaving office, Central American presidents and vice presidents are also entitled to a seat in PARLACEN. | | | The seven deputies affiliated with the ERP and the RN joined 63 other deputies to vote in favor of ARENA deputy Gloria Salguero for the post of Assembly president. |
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http://ssdc.ucsd.edu/news/notisur/h94/notisur.19940520.html
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| | Panama - Corruption - Cable and Wireless - Privatization - Worldpress.org |
| | After many protests sent to legislators, government ministers, and the president, they’re now seeing signs that give them hope that their concerns will be addressed. | | | In 1997 and 1998, then-U.S. Ambassador to Panama William Hughes complained that the playing field in the bid for Panama’s privatizing industries was not level. | | | Service was never seriously disrupted, but the islands did suffer when CandW fired hundreds of its employees after losing its monopoly. |
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http://www.worldpress.org/Americas/653.cfm
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| | PANAMA NATIONAL TRADE ESTIMATE - 2000 |
| | In November 1998, the Panamanian legislature approved two laws ratifying the WIPO Intellectual Property Treaty and Treaty on Performances and Phonograms. | | | It coordinates enforcement actions and develops strategies to improve compliance with the law. | | | The Panamanian Government has made efforts to improve IPR enforcement in the Colon Free Zone. |
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http://www.mac.doc.gov/tcc/data/commerce_html/countries/Countries4/Panama/NationalTrade/2000/CountryReport.html
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| | Panama from go2wo |
| | Governments on the WWW - Panama - comprehensive database of governmental institutions - parliaments, ministries, offices, law courts, embassies, etc | | | [CIA Library] [Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members] - Panama | | | Human rights and civil liberties, humanitarian aid, political parties, activism, environment, and labour |
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http://www.go2wo.com/panama
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| | FOR: Panamá Update, Spring 1997 |
| | Raúl Montenegro, Panama’s Minister of Government and Justice, praised the new law as the fruit of "a generational struggle of over twenty years." Montenegro exulted over the "steadfastness with which the government acts as the best guarantee which the Ngobe-Buglé can count on... | | | On January 28 Panama’s Legislative Assembly unanimously approved a reservation, or comarca, for the 127,000 Ngobe-Buglés. | | | Ngobe students at the University of Panama stated on February 21 that the measure violates an earlier law of 1934 which safeguarded Ngobe communal land holding. |
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http://www.forusa.org/programs/panama/archives/0497-6.htm
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| | Government & Country Information for Panama |
| | Panama Constitución - Panama Constitución - Panama's Constitution from the Political Database of the Americas Georgetown University Organization of American States Canadian Foundation for the Americas. | | | Political Database of the Americas - Political Database of the Americas - Laws, Constitution and Political Information can be found here. | | | Electoral Court of Panama - Electoral Court of Panama - |
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http://www.escapeartist.com/panama7/country.html
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| | FOR: Panamá Update, Spring-Summer 1996 |
| | Colombian Senator Alvaro Uribe said that "an intervention like what happened in Panama or in Grenada" is possible, and called for stronger action by his government. | | | In this case, political inertia favors implementation of the Canal Treaties. | | | The United States has been openly hostile to the embattled Colombian administration of Ernesto Samper, whose efforts against drug trafficking the U.S. "decertified" in early March. |
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http://www.forusa.org/programs/panama/archives/696drugw.htm
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| | Legislative Assembly of Panama - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | (Panama also returns a delegation of 20 deputies to the supranational Central American Parliament.) | | | Panama's legislative elections are held in parallel to its presidential elections. | | | It is a unicameral legislature, currently made up of 78 members, who serve five-year terms. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Panama
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| | CIA - The World Factbook -- Panama |
| | unicameral National Assembly (formerly called Legislative Assembly) or Asamblea Nacional (78 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - in 2009, the number of seats will change to 71) | | | elections: president and vice presidents elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 2 May 2004 (next to be held 3 May 2009); note - beginning in 2009, Panama will have only one vice president. | | | Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three courts of appeal |
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http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pm.html
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| | MAR Data Chronology for Indigenous Peoples in Panama |
| | An Indian from Kuna Yala was elected President of Panama’s Legislative Assembly. | | | New National Assembly elections are held and the Arnulfista coalition is ousted by a left-leaning coalition headed by the Democratic Revolutionary Party. | | | Guillermo Endara, the opposition candidate who presumably won the previous election, was placed in office as the President of Panama. |
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http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=9502
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| | Cyprus News Agency: News in English, 96-12-05 |
| | At the same time he invited Spyros Kyprianou, President of the Cyprus House of Representatives, to visit Portugal. | | | Nicosia, Dec 5 (CNA) -- President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Zoran Lilic has reaffirmed his country's support to Cyprus's efforts to promote a just and viable solution. | | | Duran held separate meetings with House President Spyros Kyprianou and the Chairman and members of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, with whom he discussed the political situation in the two countries. |
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http://www.hri.org/news/cyprus/cna/1996/96-12-05.cna.html
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| | Help-Us |
| | The PMBC responds to the stopping of its member's transits by submitting a request to the Supreme Court of Panama to have the actions of the ACP reviewed in a special administrative process as specified in the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Panama. | | | A spokes person from the legal section of the ACP told the PMBC's lawyer, that the ACP's organic law places it beyond the jurisdiction of the requirements of the constitutional law of Panama that requires the ACP to desist it action until the case is decided. | | | The issue of right to compensation is basic in the law of Panama, and the United States, when the "state" wants to "take" a facility. |
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http://www.pmbc.net/htmls/acp/helpus.html
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| | Pardini & Associates: Attorney Biographies: Eufrosinio Troya |
| | Member: Panama Bar Association, Institute of International Political Studies; Editor of Jurisprudence of the Supreme Court for the Legal Research Department of the University of Panamá. | | | Practice: Assistant Professor of Legal Practice at the University of Panama; Deputy Magistrate of the Court of Appeals (1991); Legal Advisor, Ministry of the Presidency, Republic of Panama (1991 – 1994); Legal Advisor of the Legislative Assembly, Republic of Panama (1994 – 1995). | | | Education: University of Panama (Licenciate in Law and Political Sciences, 1977). |
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http://www.padela.com/biographies/bio_troya.html
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| | News - The Press Law |
| | The National Director of Social Communications Media of the Ministry of Government and Justice *10 shall be charged with administering the Council and shall serve as its Secretary, with the right to take the floor. | | | Said degree shall be accompanied by a certificate stating that the bearer has met the requirement, under the supervision of the respective academic authority, of serving during four (4) semesters as a paid employee of a duly registered informational medium. | | | The guarantees established by article 37 of the Political Constitution of the Republic of Panama, as well as the inherent responsibilities, shall be applied equally to the practice of journalism, regulated by this Law. |
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http://www.thepanamanews.com/pn/v_07/issue_11/news_01.html
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| | Panama Bank, Offshore Bank Account, Panama Banking |
| | As a necessary complement of the above, important legislation has been passed by the Panama Legislative Assembly and sanctioned by the President and resulted in relevant Cabinet Decrees being issued by the Executive power. | | | Panama’s new banking law (Decree No. 9) meets the standards of leading financial centers around the world for transparency and regulation. | | | Panama has the most modern and successful international banking center in Latin America, with more than 85 banks from 35 countries. |
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http://www.businesspanama.com/investing/opportunities/financial_service.php
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| | GRANMA INTERNACIONAL DIGITAL,CUBA |
| | The document, signed by Ramón Pez Ferro, president of the Cuban National Assembly’s International Relations Commission, and Mateo Castillero, second vice president of Panama’s Legislative Assembly, welcomes the beginning of a series of bilateral talks on consular, migratory and judicial topics. | | | National Assembly President Ricardo Alarcón led the Cuban side at the interparliamentary meeting. | | | It also notes the presence and effects of international terrorism and the demand for a speedy resolution of the request for the extradition of those involved in the plot to assassinate President Fidel Castro, in line with both countries’ judicial procedures and international conventions. |
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http://www.granma.cu/ingles/febre4/9zoom-i.html
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| | Noonsite: Panama’s Pedro Miguel Boat Club Threatened With Extinction |
| | The next action of the ACP, having failed to accomplish a simple intruder eviction, was to appeal the decision to the next level of the administrative judicial system. | | | The Legislative Assembly (Congress) of Panamá, in establishing the laws concerning the leasing of reverted canal areas, recognized its responsibilities to holders of pre treaty licenses, as covered in the Panama Canal Treaty. | | | The PMBC sent a letter to the ACP requesting renewal of the license as per the terms of the settlement in the US courts; as of this writing (May 2003), the ACP has not responded to this request or letter. |
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http://www.noonsite.com/Members/jimmy/R2003-06-20-2
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| | Fenix Panama Tourism, Commercial and Travel Industry News |
| | The Panama Legislative Assembly approved the project of Law for the Coiba National Park in its third debate. | | | See the Legislative Assembly website for the text of new law projects. | | | The government of Panama has authorized a $12 million loan for re-modeling Tocumen International Airport. |
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http://www.fenixpanama.com/news.html
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| | Panamanian lawmakers approve U.S. rail venture |
| | The joint venture also will pay a percentage of earnings to the government, "5 percent until we make back our capital investment," and 10 percent after that, said Jay Nadlman, assistant general counsel of Kansas City Southern. | | | The contract, however, has yet to be signed into law by President Ernesto Perez Balladares. | | | Moving cargo from coast to coast in the United State takes about five days. |
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http://www.chron.com/content/chronicle/biz/98/02/03/panama.2-0.html
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| | Panama needs no government religion |
| | Panama has a more than 80 percent Catholic majority. | | | One of the reasons that Panama declared its independence from Colombia was chronic warfare between Colombia’s Conservatives, who believed that Catholicism ought to be the country’s official religion, and Liberals, who opposed an established state church. | | | The nightmares of our past include the religious wars of the Reformation, which manifested themselves in attacks upon the Catholic churches of this country during the raids of such British Protestant corsairs as Francis Drake and Henry Morgan, acts of war that featured massacres and tortures committed in the name of religion. |
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http://www.thepanamanews.com/pn/v_10/issue_23/editorial.html
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| | News Briefs |
| | An attempt to pass environmental law two years ago was vetoed by President Pérez Balladares after mining interests objected to its penalties. | | | The law allows increased participation by non-governmental environmental groups. | | | Panama's Legislative Assembly passed comprehensive environmental legislation into on June 9, authorizing fines up to $10 million for violators and requiring environmental impact statements for all major projects such as mines and roads construction. |
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http://www.forusa.org/programs/panama/archives/6.htm
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| | Panama military - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ... |
| | Military—note: in October 1994, a month after President PEREZ BALLADARES assumed office, Panama's Legislative Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting the creation of a standing military force, but allowing the temporary establishment of a "special police force" to counter acts of "external aggression" | | | Military branches: an amendment to the Constitution abolished the armed forces, but there are security forces (Panamanian Public Forces or PPF includes the National Police, National Maritime Service, and National Air Service) | | | Panama military - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System |
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http://www.photius.com/wfb/wfb1999/panama/panama_military.html
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| | Governments on the WWW: Parliaments |
| | Asamblea Legislativa del Distrito Federal [Legislative Assembly of the Federal District] | | | Bundesversammlung / Assemblée fédérale / Assemblea federale [Federal Assembly] | | | Câmara Legislativa do Distrito Federal [Legislative Chamber of the Federal District] |
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http://www.gksoft.com/govt/en/parliaments.html
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| | Governments on the WWW: Panama |
| | Corte Suprema de Justicia [Supreme Court of Justice] | | | Tribunal Electoral de Panamá [Electoral Court of Panama] | | | Consulado General de Panamá en San Francisco, Estados Unidos de América [Consulate General of Panama in San Francisco, United States of America] |
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http://www.gksoft.com/govt/en/pa.html
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| | 1952 ILLUMINATI PLAN GIVES COMMUNIST CHINESE CONTROL OF THE PANAMA CANAL! GUESS WHAT? THE CHINESE ARE POURING IN! |
| | YOU ARE NOW ON THAN BOSNIA", Pat Buchanan was interviewed, Chris Matthews, June 3, CNBC's Hardball, | | | Democratic Revolutionary Party [PRD] Legislator Elias Castillo indicated..... | | | La Prensa reports (3/24/99) from Panama City that "A 16-member PRC [Peoples Republic of China] delegation led by Zen Jian-hui, president of the PRC Parliament's Foreign Relations Committee, visited Panama's Legislative Assembly on Tuesday [23 March] and signed a document to strengthen interparliamentarian relations between both countries. |
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http://www.cuttingedge.org/news/n1291.cfm
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| | Panamadera - Resources - Panama Law - Law 8 |
| | Panamadera - Resources - Panama Law - Law 8 | | | Panama's Law 24 provides tax and residency benefits for qualified investments in reforestation projects. | | | Violators of the provisions of this Law shall be punished with a fine equivalent to five (5) times the amount of the benefit claimed, and the revocation of any benefit to which they had been entitled, in addition to any other penalties under the Law. |
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http://www.panamadera.com/law_8.htm
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| | Panama 2004 Legislative Election |
| | Source: Electionworld.org / Elections around the World (Elections in Panama). |
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http://www.binghamton.edu/cdp/era/elections/pan04par.htm
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| | History of the Panama Railroad, 1855 |
| | Continued maintenance of the Panama Railroad Steamship line by the United States Government. | | | Previous to this it was the practice of the Panama Railroad Company to recognize no through bills of lading except those issued from its own office in New York. | | | After that, or in 1913 as the treaty under which the canal is being constructed stipulates, that amount will be paid by the United States Government to the Republic of Panama. |
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http://www.geocities.com/wallstreet/4245/panhist/steel.htm
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| | Panama country information |
| | Panama is a constitutional democracy that gained its independence from Colombia on November 3, 1903 | | | Although his political party was built by military strongmen including Noriega, he promised change as the defender of the poor. | | | For more information on Panama, you may write to the chancery at 2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20008; check the U.S. State Department or World Factbook country sites; or type in the country's name on the Internet using a broad-based world wide web search engine. |
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http://www.elca.org/countrypackets/panama/desc.html
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| | CULTURE-PANAMA: Protecting History Under Water |
| | Panama is the only country that has ratified the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, approved in 2001 and requiring the adhesion of 19 other countries to enter into force. | | | Panama's Legislative Assembly incorporated subaquatic treasures into the category of national heritage in a Jun. 30 decision. | | | The new law annuls decrees that allowed the government to negotiate agreements with private companies to recover the sea treasures, Carlos Fitzgerald, director of historic heritage at the National Institute of Culture (INC), told Tierramérica. |
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http://ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=19312
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| | JCI |
| | The idea was to gather law students for a Debate Competition on "Constitutional Reforms," a topic that was under discussion by the Legislative Assembly in Panama. | | | To carry out the project, Metropolitano Chapter members contacted seven university deans to select the students who would take part in the debate and to choose the university where the competition would take place. | | | CERPA, one of the sponsors, donated 500 scholarships worth $1,850 each, to be administered and presented by Metropolitano Chapter Members. |
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http://www.jci.cc/members/print_news.php?lang_id=1&info_id=3322
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| | The Panama Canal |
| | Panama, July 6 2001 - Following three Legislative Assembly debates, the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) fiscal year 2002 budget was approved last week. | | | Panama Canal Administrator Alberto Aleman Zubieta also informed legislators of expected increases in oceangoing transits and cargo tonnage that should produce revenue gains from complementary Canal services such as tugboats, line-handling and reservations. | | | Revenue from these navigation services, added to the sale of electricity, drinking water and other minor revenues, is estimated at $189.7 million for fiscal year 2002. |
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http://www.pancanal.com/eng/cgi-bin/news/boletin.cgi?submit=Consulta&item=36
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| | [wilpf.hotline] PANAMA CANAL ACTION WEEK! |
| | ---The United States and Panama are discussing a proposal to keep | | | * Oyden Ortega Duran - former Foreign Minister of Panama; | | | * Walter Smith - Episcopal Diocese of Panama |
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http://www.antenna.nl/news/wilpf/hotline/mn00141.html
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| | americas.org - Chiquita Workers Get Contract |
| | In other news, a group of campesinos from Coclé, Colón and Capira marched to the Legislative Assembly in Panama City on October 18 to demand the repeal of Law 44, passed in 1999, which delimits the Panama Canal basin. | | | Puerto Armuelles Fruit Company, a Panamanian subsidiary of the U.S. multinational banana company Chiquita, signed a new contract with its 2,950 Pacific coast plantation workers early on October 21 after a tense negotiating session that lasted nearly 20 hours. | | | The Campesino Coordinating Committee Against the Dams (CCCE) asked the Assembly to suspend a plan which would flood their lands to use as water reserves for widening the Canal. |
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http://www.americas.org/item_7294
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| | Conservationists Fight to Save Harpy Eagles |
| | Conservation efforts received a big boost in March when Panama's Legislative Assembly passed a decree naming the harpy eagle the country's national bird, offering much-needed legal clout. | | | But conservation efforts for the harpy eagle received a big boost last March when Panama's Legislative Assembly passed a decree naming it the country's national bird, lending much-needed legal clout to conservation efforts. | | | Despite its great strength and reputation as "the ruler of the rain forest," the harpy eagle has become one of the most critically endangered birds in Latin America. |
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http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/06/0603_020603_TVharpyeagle.html
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| | Catholic News Agency |
| | The Legislative Assembly in Panama has agreed to consider a proposal that would not only penalize discrimination on the basis of homosexuality, but would also establish a series of concepts that would allow individuals to legally define themselves as homosexuals. | | | The measure would define gender as the perception one has of oneself, “whether that be that of a man, a woman or of some other non-conventional way that may or may not coincide with one’s biological sex.” Sexual orientation would be described as “the gender to which one feels primarily attracted.” |
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http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/new.php?n=5081
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| | WorldLII - Categories - Countries - Panama - Parliament |
| | WorldLII >> Categories >> Countries >> Panama >> Parliament | | | WorldLII - Categories - Countries - Panama - Parliament | | | Official website of the Legislative Assembly of Panama (in Spanish) |
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http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/54685.html
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| | PANAMA |
| | Consult the PARLINE database for information about the Parliament of PANAMA | | | Please inform webmaster@mail.ipu.org if the above information appears to be incorrect. |
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http://www.ipu.org/cntr-e/panama.htm
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