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| | Holy Roman Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | These rights were now explicitly rooted in Roman Law, a far-reaching constitutional act; north of the Alps, the system was also now connected to feudal law, a change most visible in the withdrawal of the feuds of Henry the Lion in 1180 which led to his public banning. | | | Clerical territories led by a Bishop or Prince-Bishop. | | | When Frederick III needed the dukes to finance war against Hungary in 1486 and at the same time had his son, later Maximilian I elected king, he was presented with the dukes' united demand to participate in an Imperial Court. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire
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| | Holy Roman Empire elector |
| | In 1623, the Elector Palatine Frederick V was banned for his involvement with the revolt of Bohemia, and his electorate was given to the Duke of Bavaria (Maximilian I), who became known as the Elector of Bavaria. | | | After several such disputes, the electors convened in 1338 to establish for the first time a majority vote: each elector may only vote once, and he who has the majority of the votes shall be king. | | | In the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, Frederick's son, Charles Louis was restored to the Electoral dignity, but it was made clear that this was a new Electorate, with a new office: |
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http://usapedia.com/h/holy-roman-empire-elector.html
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| | THE IRANIAN: What is Electoral College?, Abtin Assadi |
| | An elector was one of a number of princes of the various German states within the Holy Roman Empire who had a right to participate in the election of the German king, who generally was crowned as emperor (how ironic). | | | The Electoral College has 538 electoral votes, one for each of the 435 congressional representatives plus one for each of the 100 senators plus 3 for Washington DC. | | | The distribution of electoral votes among the States can vary every 10 years depending on the results of the United States Census and state populations. |
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http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2004/September/Elections
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| | Holy Roman Empire |
| | Roman lawyers, or delators, are not advocates for the plaintiff or defendant, but instead serve to advise them with regard to the law and deliver oratory on their behalf; delators are trained in public speaking, whereas each citizen is largely responsible for his own legal counsel. | | | Imprisonment is not a sentence commonly used in the Empire, and never on the Roman peninsula. | | | In the case of citizens, a jury of reputable patricians is convened as well, and their verdict is by majority rule. |
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http://mywebpages.comcast.net/rumtigger2/Nations/roman.htm
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| | THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE |
| | The Holy Roman Empire, ended by a decision of the last Emperor, Francis II, on 6 August 1806, had already long ceased to be a major political power even though the prestige of the Imperial title conferred immense status and influence. | | | While the Crowns of Bohemia and Hungary passed first to his short-lived son and then to his son-in-law the King of Poland, in 1440 the Electors chose Albrecht's cousin and successor as ruler of Austria, Frederick V of Styria (first Arch duke of Austria in 1458), to be Emperor. | | | After 1438 the electors almost always chose a member of the Habsburg dynasty of Austria as king; the one exception was the election (1742) of the Bavarian Charles VII. |
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http://www.sdnl.nl/shimura/holyroman.html
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| | Constitution of the Holy Roman Empire |
| | After the war the eighth Electorate was created and given to Friedrich V' son (1648). | | | Thus, Silesia was separated from Poland, and became a land of the Bohemian Crown and the Empire. | | | His son, Boleslaw I the Brave (reigned in 992-1025) defended the independence of his country from the Empire and was the first crowned king of Poland. |
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http://www.geocities.com/vrozn/Constit.html
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| | Timeline Holy Roman Empire |
| | 1576 Rudolf II was crowned King of the Holy Roman Empire and moved the Imperial Court from Vienna to Prague. | | | 1507 The Diet of Constance recognized the unity of the Holy Roman Empire and founded the Imperial Chamber, the empire’s supreme judicial court. | | | 1620 Ferdinand II became emperor of the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Rudolf II and moved the Imperial Court back to Vienna. |
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http://www.timelines.ws/countries/HOLY_ROMAN_EMP.HTML
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| | Elector Information - TextSheet.com |
| | Specifically in the United States, electors are delegates who have the right to vote in the U.S. Electoral College for the President of the United States. | | | Generally, any voter can be called an elector; collectively such electors may comprise an electorate. | | | In the Holy Roman Empire, the collegiate of Electors (Kurfürsten) consisted of those lay or clerical princes who had the right to vote in the election of the Emperor; see Holy Roman Empire elector. |
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http://www.medbuster.com/encyclopedia/e/el/elector.html
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| | The Titles of the European Rulers |
| | Elector Joachim II obtained the joint investiture (Mitbelehnung) of the Duchy of Prussia from Sigismundus II Augustus, King of Poland, and was assured of the succession of the Electoral branch of the House of Brandenburg if the Prussian branch became extinct (1569). | | | Elector Frederick III received the Selesian Duchy of Schwiebus from Austria on renouncing | | | Margrave Louis "the Senior" (+1361) ceded Brandenburg and Lusatia to his brother Louis "the Roman" (1351). |
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http://www.geocities.com/eurprin/brandenburg.html
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| | roman empire |
| | As the Roman Republic (509 B.C - 31 B.C) came to an end, Gaius Octavius, great-nephew of Julius Caesar, solidified his position by his defeat of his only rival for power, Mark Antony, in the battle of Actium the following year. | | | He had his work cut out for him; years of civil war had left Rome in a state of near-lawlessness. | | | Shortly thereafter, the senate voted him into the pantheon of Roman gods (or deified him). |
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http://www.fact-library.com/roman_empire.html
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| | Holy Roman Empire. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
| | After 1438 the imperial office was held, with one exception, by the house of Hapsburg. | | | Under pressure Maximilian I created (1500) a council (see Reichsregiment) and an imperial court of justice. | | | In 1804, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II took the title Francis I, emperor of Austria, and after the establishment (1806) of the Confederation of the Rhine under Napoleon I, Francis renounced his title as Holy Roman Emperor. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/65/ho/HolyRoma.html
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| | Brandenburg - FreeEncyclopedia |
| | The first of these was Frederick William I[?], the so-called "Great Elector", who worked tirelessly to rebuild and consolidate the nation. | | | Albert's control of the region was nominal for several decades, but he engaged in a variety of campaigns against the Wends, as well as more diplomatic efforts which saw his control become more real by the middle of the century. | | | Berlin and the Holy Roman Empire Elector was the engine that drove the rise of that state. |
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http://openproxy.ath.cx/br/Brandenburg.html
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| | The Holy Roman Empire |
| | The fundamental constitutional text of the empire was the Golden Bull, issued by Charles IV in 1356. | | | Among other things, the Bull fixed at seven the number of imperial electors, the college of lay and ecclesiastical lords who elected the emperor; their number eventually rose to nine. | | | The Empire was not a state, but a system of dispensing justice. |
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http://pages.prodigy.net/aesir/thre.htm
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| | Mannheim |
| | As a result of the chronic friction between Carl Phillip and the Protestants of Heidelberg, Carl Philipp moved his court to Mannheim in 1720. | | | This position was one of the four original secular electors of the Holy Roman Empire. | | | He brought to Mannheim the leading sculptors, painters, and architects of Europe to his court. |
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http://www.mannheimeditions.com/html/mannheim.html
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| | Merriam-Webster Online |
| | Although we may associate college with higher education, the Latin ancestor of college simply meant "society." One early sense of college referred to a body of persons legally considered a unit, so that the ecclesiastical officials who select the next pope are known as the college of cardinals. | | | It is on this date—that is, on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December—that electors of the fifty states (plus the District of Columbia) meet to cast their votes for President and Vice-President. | | | Although many Americans consider Election Day (or the day after) as the date associated with selecting a president, those oriented toward the political and the literal know today matters too. |
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http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/wftwarch.pl?121304
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| | Pomerania History |
| | Pomerania continued as a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until the death (1637) of Bogislav XIV, when the region was granted to the elector of Brandenburg. | | | Sweden received Western Pomerania by the Peace of Westphalia (1648); part of it was returned to Brandenburg-Prussia in 1720, and the remainder (Stralsund and Rügen) was recovered by Prussia in 1815. | | | The elector of Brandenburg acquired these duchies in 1637, when the last Polish duke, Boguslaw XIV, who had united them, died without issue. |
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http://www.richware.net/rohde/pomerania_history.htm
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| | WHKMLA : List of Wars of the Holy Roman Empire |
| | The Empire had declared neutrality in the war against Prussia on February 6th, before Austria and Prussia signed peace in the TREATY OF HUBERTUSBURG (Feb. 15th 1763). | | | The war was decided by the strange course Russian foreign policy took after the death of Czarina Ellisabeth in 1762; the peace treaty of 1763 confirmed the status quo ante. | | | Peace negotiations with France began in 1709, but were not concluded until 1714 (TREATY OF RASTATT, with the Emperor, (TREATY OF BADEN / AARGAU, with the Empire). |
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http://www.zum.de/whkmla/military/germany/milxhrempire.html
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| | The Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburgs, 1400-1600 Special Topics Page Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan ... |
| | of the sixteenth century: while the emperors adhered to Roman Catholicism, the electors generally supported the Reformation. | | | A body of princes, called electors, selected by majority vote both the German king and emperor; the crown, however, was only officially conferred by the pope, who occasionally claimed ultimate authority in the election. | | | 962–73) who, by military conquest and astute political policy, placed the territorial empire of Charlemagne under German rule and established in central Europe the feudal state that would be called, by the thirteenth century, the Holy Roman Empire. |
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http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/habs/hd_habs.htm
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