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| | Metternich: Success or Failure? |
 | | It is often argued that, in addition to the territorial triumph at the Congress of Vienna, Metternich achieved stability in the Habsburg Empire by creating a ‘police state’. | | | In many ways the Habsburg Empire was an inherently unstable structure: over 250,000 square miles in area, populated by 11 different national groups all of whom, with the exception of the Austrian ruling aristocracy, were largely without access to political power and therefore increasingly excited by the ideas of nationalists and liberal reformers. | | | Habsburg domination of Germany had also been smashed as a result of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. |
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http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~semp/metternich.htm
(2397 words)
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| | Hungary and the limits of Habsburg authority |
| | For the Habsburg Empire as a whole, the events of 1790 showed how hard it was going to be to reconcile the principles of dynastic power and noble class privilege with the third principle: enlightened reform. | | | In the case of the Habsburgs, the three operating principles were the dynasty, class and reform. | | | We can point to three great waves of reform activity in Austria: first, the religious Counter-Reformation in the 1600s; second, the application of Enlightenment ideas to create an efficient but absolutist state in the 1700s; and third, the efforts at constitutional reform in the 1800s whose failure attends the collapse of the empire. |
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http://www.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/lecture4.html
(4059 words)
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| | The Austrian Order of the Golden Fleece |
| | The post-war Austrian republic was less hostile to the Habsburgs and, after a government investigation into the status of the Order, made an official statement on 8 September 1953 that the Order was "an independent legal entity in international law", confirming this in a decree of 16 September of the same year. | | | The advent of the First World War marked the collapse of the Habsburg Empire; Franz Josef died in 1916 and was succeeded by his great-nephew, the Archduke Charles, as Emperor Charles I, IV as King of Hungary. | | | The Habsburg Order, therefore, may be regarded as permanently united with the Headship of the Dynasty, just as the Spanish was united with the Crown (when held by Burgundian dynasts). |
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http://www.chivalricorders.org/royalty/habsburg/austria/ausgdfl.htm
(1460 words)
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| | Hapsburgs |
| | During the Revolutions of 1848, which endangered the existence of the multinational Habsburg empire, Ferdinand was compelled to abdicate in favor of his nephew, Francis Joseph. | | | The new Austrian republic consequently banished the Habsburgs in 1919. | | | As a Habsburg, Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor in 1619 and, allied with Bavaria and the Catholic League, defeated the Bohemians at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620. |
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http://www.geocities.com/historyofaustria/habsburgs.html
(6790 words)
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| | Dynastic Relations of the Sovereign Houses of Habsburg and Jagiellon |
| | This marriage was intended to establish the Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire as allies against the Grand Duchy of Moscow. | | | The climax of Habsburg relations with Poland and Lithuania came in late 18th century, when during the reign of Emperor Joseph II and later his nephew, Emperor Franz II Southern territories of the Polish-Lithuanian state passed to the Holy Roman Empire (Northern – to Prussia and Eastern – to the Russian Empire). | | | Elizabeth von Habsburg (known in Poland as Elzbieta Habsburgska and in Lithuania as Elzbieta Habsburgaite) was a perfect Polish Queen and Lithuanian Grand-Duchess. |
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http://users.panola.com/AAGHS/ARTICLES/HABSBURG.html
(1989 words)
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| | The Uskok Problem and Habsburg, Venetian, and Ottoman Relations at the Turn of the Seventeenth Century |
| | This was always the case, as the state of peace, which was concluded by treaty, had to be preserved between either Venice or the Habsburg Empire and the Ottoman Empire. | | | Indeed, it is possible to discern a distinct shift in Habsburg, Ottoman, and Venetian attitudes toward the Uskoks in the sources from the period around 1600. | | | Their relocation after 1617 was an indication of the modernization and institutionalization of the Habsburg military system, combined with a process of territorialized relationships between the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires and the Venetian Republic. |
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http://etext.virginia.edu/journals/EH/EH42/Simon42.html
(7972 words)
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| | House of Hapsburg |
| | Frederick V, the Habsburg king of Germany from 1440, was crowned Holy Roman emperor as Frederick III in 1452; this title remained in the family until the dissolution of the empire in 1806. | | | Habsburgs ruled Hungary and Bohemia from 1526 and retained control over them until 1918; Habsburgs also ruled Spain and the Spanish Empire for almost two centuries (1504-06, 1516-1700). | | | Counts of Habsburg are known as early as the 11th century. |
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http://www.hfac.uh.edu/gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/Habsburg/Habsburg.html
(268 words)
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| | Hohenzollern and Habsburg - Humanities - Huron High School |
| | During the Revolutions of 1848, which endangered the existence of the multinational Habsburg empire, Ferdinand was compelled to abdicate in favor of his nephew, Franz Joseph. | | | By the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, Karl secured the recognition of the indivisibility of the Habsburg lands and the right of succession of his daughter Maria Theresa. | | | Thus, on Karl's death, the house of Habsburg was divided, the Austrian branch retaining the imperial title. |
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http://huron.aaps.k12.mi.us/classes/forlang/smith/hum/habsburg.html
(1148 words)
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| | Habsburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Philip I of Castile, second son of Maximilian I, founded the Spanish Habsburgs in 1506 by marrying Joanna the Mad, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. | | | The Habsburg dukes gradually lost their homelands south of the Rhine and Lake Constance to the expanding Old Swiss Confederacy. | | | After the marriage of Maximilian I with Mary, heiress of Burgundy (the Low Countries) and the marriage of his son Philipp the Handsome with Juana, heiress of Spain and its newly-founded empire, Charles V inherited an empire where "the sun does not set". |
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http://www.pineville.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Habsburg
(1148 words)
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| | Dynastic Relations of the Sovereign Houses of Habsburg and Jagiellon |
| | This marriage was intended to establish the Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire as allies against the Grand Duchy of Moscow. | | | The climax of Habsburg relations with Poland and Lithuania came in late 18th century, when during the reign of Emperor Joseph II and later his nephew, Emperor Franz II Southern territories of the Polish-Lithuanian state passed to the Holy Roman Empire (Northern – to Prussia and Eastern – to the Russian Empire). | | | Elizabeth von Habsburg (known in Poland as Elzbieta Habsburgska and in Lithuania as Elzbieta Habsburgaite) was a perfect Polish Queen and Lithuanian Grand-Duchess. |
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http://users.panola.com/AAGHS/ARTICLES/HABSBURG.html
(1989 words)
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| | Hungary and the limits of Habsburg authority |
| | The Habsburg Empire was not primarily a Balkan country. | | | In the case of the Habsburgs, the three operating principles were the dynasty, class and reform. | | | Lecture 3 argued that a few principles lay behind the successes of the Ottoman Empire and also were the basis for its later failures. |
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http://www.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/lecture4.html
(4059 words)
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| | A Brief History of the Habsburg Empire |
| | Following his untimely death during a battle against the Turks in 1439, Friedrich V (as emperor, Friedrich III) from the Tyrolean line of the Habsburgs began to rule in Austria and in the Holy Roman Empire. | | | After the death of his father-in-law he became the first Habsburg to again be elected German king of the Holy Roman Empire. | | | From the end of the 13th century to the middle of the 15th century the Habsburgs expanded their territory by gaining the Duchy of Carinthia (1335), the Earldom of Tyrol and the "Windische Mark" (1365). |
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http://www.angelfire.com/pa/ImperialRussian/royalty/austria/600years.html
(1117 words)
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| | Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Upon the death of his father in 1493, he inherited the remaining Habsburg possesions and thus reunified all Habsburg territories. | | | Maximilian is possibly best known for leading the 1495 Reichstag at Worms which concluded on the Reichsreform (Imperial Reform), reshaping much of the constitution of the Holy Roman Empire. | | | The war only ended with a success of the Empire after his death. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
(519 words)
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| | Hohenzollern and Habsburg - Humanities - Huron High School |
| | During the Revolutions of 1848, which endangered the existence of the multinational Habsburg empire, Ferdinand was compelled to abdicate in favor of his nephew, Franz Joseph. | | | The name is derived from the family castle of Habsburg, or Habichtsburg ("Hawk's Castle"), built in 1020 on the Aare River in what is now the Swiss canton of Aargau by Bishop Werner of Strasbourg. | | | In 1282 he invested his successors with these duchies, which became the hereditary lands and center of the Habsburg domains, identified with Austria, which they ruled without interruption until 1918 as dukes, archdukes, and emperors. |
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http://huron.aaps.k12.mi.us/classes/forlang/smith/hum/habsburg.html
(519 words)
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| | Switzerland |
| | The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against foreign rule by the Habsburgs, who then held the German imperial throne of the Holy Roman Empire. | | | As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal constitution in 1848, amending it extensively in 1874 and establishing federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters. | | | The stability and prosperity of Switzerland, combined with a linguistically and religiously diverse population has led some to describe the country as a consensus state or a consociational state. |
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http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/S/Switzerland.htm
(2154 words)
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| | Hungary and the limits of Habsburg authority |
| | For the Habsburg Empire as a whole, the events of 1790 showed how hard it was going to be to reconcile the principles of dynastic power and noble class privilege with the third principle: enlightened reform. | | | In the case of the Habsburgs, the three operating principles were the dynasty, class and reform. | | | We can point to three great waves of reform activity in Austria: first, the religious Counter-Reformation in the 1600s; second, the application of Enlightenment ideas to create an efficient but absolutist state in the 1700s; and third, the efforts at constitutional reform in the 1800s whose failure attends the collapse of the empire. |
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http://www.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/lecture4.html
(4059 words)
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| | Encyclopedia: Habsburg |
| | Frederick the Handsome (born 1286; died January 13, 1330), from the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria as Frederick I and King of the Romans as Frederick (III). | | | Philip I of Castile, second son of Maximilian I, founded the Spanish Habsburgs in 1506 by marrying Joanna the Mad, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. | | | Detail of Aeneas Piccolomini Introduces Eleonora of Portugal to Frederick III by Pinturicchio (1454-1513) Frederick III of Habsburg (born September 21 in Innsbruck, 1415; died August 19, 1493 in Linz) was elected as German King as the successor of Albert II in 1440. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Habsburg
(10435 words)
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| | Germany Country Guide - History and Government - World Travel Guide Provided By Columbus Travel Publishing |
| | The Habsburgs were to rule the empire, with only a brief interruption, until 1806. | | | The territorial gains were built upon by a series of cunning and ruthless rulers and, by the early 18th century, the new kingdom was the scourge of other European states, not least the Habsburg Empire. | | | Temporarily deposed by other dynasties during the next 150 years, Albert V of Habsburg re-established his clans ascendancy in 1438. |
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http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/deu/deu580.asp
(2051 words)
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Switzerland |
| | During the Council of Constance Duke Frederick of Austria was declared under the ban of the empire by Emperor Sigismund. | | | Notwithstanding this, the Constitution forbids the reception of Jesuits and affiliated orders and the founding of new monasteries, while the establishment of new dioceses in Switzerland is made dependent on the consent of the Confederation. | | | The Old Catholics of Switzerland united to form the "Christian Catholic National Church" which received formal recognition both from the Federal Council and from the Governments of several cantons. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14358a.htm
(8038 words)
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| | Dynastic Relations of the Sovereign Houses of Habsburg and Jagiellon |
| | The climax of Habsburg relations with Poland and Lithuania came in late 18th century, when during the reign of Emperor Joseph II and later his nephew, Emperor Franz II Southern territories of the Polish-Lithuanian state passed to the Holy Roman Empire (Northern – to Prussia and Eastern – to the Russian Empire). | | | This marriage was intended to establish the Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire as allies against the Grand Duchy of Moscow. | | | Elizabeth von Habsburg (known in Poland as Elzbieta Habsburgska and in Lithuania as Elzbieta Habsburgaite) was a perfect Polish Queen and Lithuanian Grand-Duchess. |
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http://users.panola.com/AAGHS/ARTICLES/HABSBURG.html
(8038 words)
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| | Austria - RISE OF THE HABSBURG EMPIRE |
| | The Habsburgs' near monopoly of the imperial title, however, did not make the Habsburg Empire and the Holy Roman Empire synonymous. | | | The Habsburg Empire was a supernational collection of territories united only through the accident of common rule by the Habsburgs, and many of the territories were not part of the Holy Roman Empire. | | | Habsburg power was significantly enhanced in 1453, when Emperor Frederick III confirmed a set of rights and privileges, dubiously claimed by the Habsburgs, that paralleled those of the elector-princes, in whose ranks the family did not yet sit. |
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http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-773.html
(497 words)
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| | Hapsburgs |
| | During the Revolutions of 1848, which endangered the existence of the multinational Habsburg empire, Ferdinand was compelled to abdicate in favor of his nephew, Francis Joseph. | | | As a Habsburg, Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor in 1619 and, allied with Bavaria and the Catholic League, defeated the Bohemians at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620. | | | The Bohemians replaced Ferdinand with Frederick V, elector of the Rhenish Palatinate. |
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http://www.geocities.com/historyofaustria/habsburgs.html
(6790 words)
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| | The Austrian Order of the Golden Fleece |
| | The advent of the First World War marked the collapse of the Habsburg Empire; Franz Josef died in 1916 and was succeeded by his great-nephew, the Archduke Charles, as Emperor Charles I, IV as King of Hungary. | | | The post-war Austrian republic was less hostile to the Habsburgs and, after a government investigation into the status of the Order, made an official statement on 8 September 1953 that the Order was "an independent legal entity in international law", confirming this in a decree of 16 September of the same year. | | | The Habsburgs would probably have abandoned their claim to Sovereignty of the Order of the Golden Fleece after the Treaty of Utrecht if they had not found themselves in possession of the Treasure of the Order, which had been retained in Brussels. |
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http://www.chivalricorders.org/royalty/habsburg/austria/ausgdfl.htm
(1460 words)
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| | German Genealogy: Habsburg Empire |
| | Over the latter centuries of its existence, the House of Habsburg had not only managed to lock up the Imperial throne exclusively for its family, but had also significantly increased the size of its hereditary lands, Austria, including large holdings outside the Empire proper. | | | (The Habsburgs were essentially forced to do this because much of their ancestral land was in the southwest of the Empire, bordering France, which could only effectively be countered by the full weight of the Empire.) | | | The decision was to compromise and the Ausgleich of 1867 created a dual monarchy known as Austria- Hungary or the Austro-Hungarian Empire. |
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http://www.genealogienetz.de/reg/AUT/aut-hun.html
(1999 words)
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| | Austria - RISE OF THE HABSBURG EMPIRE |
| | The Habsburgs' near monopoly of the imperial title, however, did not make the Habsburg Empire and the Holy Roman Empire synonymous. | | | The Habsburg Empire was a supernational collection of territories united only through the accident of common rule by the Habsburgs, and many of the territories were not part of the Holy Roman Empire. | | | Habsburg power was significantly enhanced in 1453, when Emperor Frederick III confirmed a set of rights and privileges, dubiously claimed by the Habsburgs, that paralleled those of the elector-princes, in whose ranks the family did not yet sit. |
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http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-773.html
(497 words)
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| | Hapsburgs |
| | During the Revolutions of 1848, which endangered the existence of the multinational Habsburg empire, Ferdinand was compelled to abdicate in favor of his nephew, Francis Joseph. | | | As a Habsburg, Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor in 1619 and, allied with Bavaria and the Catholic League, defeated the Bohemians at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620. | | | Born in Vienna, the son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II, Rudolf II of Habsburg served as Holy Roman Emperor (1576-1612), King of Hungary (1572-1608), and King of Bohemia (1575-1611). |
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http://www.geocities.com/historyofaustria/habsburgs.html
(6790 words)
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| | Royalty.nu - The Habsburgs |
| | The Habsburg Monarchy 1490-1848: Attributes of Empire by Paula Sutter Fichtner. | | | The Habsburg Monarchy, 1809-1918: A History of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary by Alan John Percivale Taylor. | | | War, Religion and Court Patronage in Habsburg Austria: The Social and Cultural Dimensions of Political Interaction, 1521-1622 by Karin J. MacHardy. |
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http://www.royalty.nu/Europe/Austria/Habsburgs.html
(1311 words)
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| | HABSBURG - LoveToKnow Article on HABSBURG |
| | Albert became count of Zurich and protector of the monastery of Sckingen, and obtained lands in the cantons of Unterwalden and Lucerne; his son Rudolph, having assisted Frederick of Hohenstaufen, afterwards the emperor Frederick II., against the emperor Otto IV., received the county of Aargau. | | | War was inevitable, and the battle of Muhldorf, fought in September 1322, sealed the fate of Frederick. | | | Alberts successor as German king was Henry of Luxemburg (the emperor Henry VII.), and this election may be said to initiate the long rivalry between the houses of Habsburg and Luxemburg. |
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http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/H/HA/HABSBURG.htm
(5069 words)
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| | World Homes Network - Switzerland |
| | Switzerland managed to maintain its neutrality in the Thirty Years' War (1618-48), and at the end of the war the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) recognized the final separation of Switzerland from the Habsburg Empire. | | | In 1499 the Austrian Habsburg emperor, Maximilian I, attempted to reassert his rule over the eastern region of Rhaetia - which as the Grey League (Grisons or Graubü nden) had asserted its independence - but he was defeated at Calven. | | | The Reformation led to internal dissension in Switzerland. |
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http://www.world-homes.net/atlas/europe/western/switzerland/switzerland.htm
(2396 words)
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