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| | Holy Roman Empire articles on Encyclopedia.com |
 | | Holy Roman Empire HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE [Holy Roman Empire] designation for the political entity that originated at the coronation as emperor (962) of the German king Otto I and endured until the renunciation (1806) of the imperial title by Francis II. | | | Charles V CHARLES V [Charles V] 1500-1558, Holy Roman emperor (1519-58) and, as Charles I, king of Spain (1516-56); son of Philip I and Joanna of Castile, grandson of Ferdinand II of Aragón, Isabella of Castile, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and Mary of Burgundy. | | | Maximilian I MAXIMILIAN I [Maximilian I] 1459-1519, Holy Roman emperor and German king (1493-1519), son and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/05990.html
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| | Istria on the Internet - History - Hapsburg Dynasty |
| | Before the abdication of the emperor Francis in 1806 Austria had met and suffered from the fury of revolutionary France, but the cessiona of territory made by her at the treaties of Campo Formio (1797), of Lunéville (1801) and of Pressburg (1805) were of no enduring importance. | | | Tinder the guardianship of his kinsman, the emperor Frederick III, the young prince’s reign was a troubled one, and when he died unmarried in 1457 his branch of the family became extinct, and Hungary and Bohemia passed away from the Habsburgs, who managed, however, to retain Austria. | | | The emperor Maximilian II left five sons, two of whom, Rudolph and Matthias, succeeded in turn to the imperial throne, but, as all the brothers were without male issue, the family was early in the i7th century threatened with a serious crisis. |
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http://www.istrianet.org/istria/genealogy/family/hapsburg
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| | Holy Roman Empire - Free Encyclopedia |
| | The term Roman Empire was used in 1034 to denote the lands under Conrad II, and Holy Empire in 1157. | | | The Holy Roman Empire (German: Heiliges R?isches Reich) was a political conglomeration of lands in western and central Europe in the Middle Ages. | | | These rights were now explicitly rooted in Roman Law, a far-reaching constitutional act; north of the Alps, the system was also now connected to feudal law, a change most visible in the withdrawal of the feuds of Henry the Lion in 1180 which lead to his public banning. |
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http://www.wacklepedia.com/h/ho/holy_roman_empire.html
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| | Queen Louise |
| | In early 1792 the revolutionary leaders adopted a belligerent attitude toward Frederick II and Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, the successor to Leopold II. | | | On March 13, 1793 Louise and her sister, Frederica, were introduced to King Frederick William II, who was looking for wives for his two sons. | | | Frederick II (The Great) initiated hostilities in the European phase of the Seven Year War with his attack and capture of Saxony in 1756 to forestall Austria's resolve to reposses Selesia. |
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http://members.aol.com/rsprussia/page2.html
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| | boys clothing: European royalty Austria |
| | Leopold became Emperor on the death of his older brother Joseph II (1790). | | | The Holy Roman Empire was disbanded in 1806 to ensure that Napoleon couldn't ascend the throne. | | | Charles Francis Joseph, Charles I or Karl I (Charles IV of Hungary) (1887-1922), was another of Francis Joseph's nephews (figure 1). |
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http://histclo.com/royal/ost/royal-aus.htm
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| | Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (German: Franz II, Heiliger Roemischer Kaiser) also referred to as Francis von Habsburg or Emperor Franz I of Austria (February 12, 1768– March 2, 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until August 6, 1806, when the Empire was disbanded. | | | He was again defeated, and this time forced to ally himself with Napoleon, ceding territory to the Empire, joining the Continental System, and wedding his daughter Marie-Louise to the Emperor. | | | Austria played a major role in the final defeat of France—in recognition of this, Francis, represented by Clemens von Metternich, presided over the Congress of Vienna, helping to form the Concert of Europe and the Holy Alliance, ushering in an era of conservatism and reactionism in Europe. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
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| | Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor |
| | Leopold, during his government in Tuscany, had shown a speculative tendency to grant his subjects a constitution. | | | When Louis XVI swore to observe the constitution of September 1791, the emperor professed to think that a settlement had been reached in France. | | | He and Joseph II were tenderly attached to one another and met frequently both before and after the death of their mother. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/reference/leopold_ii_holy_roman_emperor1
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| | The Holy Roman Empire |
| | The emperors were unable to restrain the German nobles or to resist French encroachments on the western frontiers of the empire, and the Slavic rulers in the east rejected all imperial overlordship. | | | The churchmen who crowned the emperors, and thus actually sustained the Empire, considered it to be the church's secular arm, sharing responsibility for the welfare and spread of the Christian faith and duty-bound to protect the Papacy. | | | The Habsburg FrederickIII was the last emperor to be crowned in Rome; his great-grandson Charles V was the last to be crowned by a pope. |
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http://www.serendipity.li/twz/hre.html
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| | The Empire |
| | Ironically, the last dynasty (Vaudemont) had been transplanted from Lorraine into Tuscany, and the last Emperor of all (Francis II) was a serious, capable, and studious fellow with a very Roman sense of gravitas, who was born in and spent his youth amidst the sunny hills of central Italy. | | | This covers the various phases of the Roman Empire: the original, the Western, the Eastern (Byzantine), and the Holy Roman Empire. | | | Even so, his nominated successor, his brother Ferdinand, acted as a kind of deputy Emperor, standing in for such ceremonies and functions as necessary during the period 1556-1558. |
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http://www.hostkingdom.net/empire.html
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| | http://www.flssar.org |
| | After Napoleon defeated the forces of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1797, Lafayette and his wife and daughters were released from prison. | | | After Adrienne and her daughters were freed she took them to Austria in October 1795, where she threw herself at the feet of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, and pleaded for the release of her husband. | | | The emperor accused Lafayette as a Republican and against monarchies, thereby committing Lafayette to life in prison. |
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http://www.flssar.org/lafayett.html
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| | AllRefer.com - Francis II, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia |
| | Francis II 1768–1835, last Holy Roman emperor (1792–1806), first emperor of Austria as Francis I (1804–35), king of Bohemia and of Hungary (1792–1835). | | | Francis was a chief architect of the Holy Alliance. | | | In 1798 he joined the Second Coalition against France, was again defeated, and in the Treaty of LunEville (1801) consented to the virtual dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, which was formally ended (1806) after the Austrian rout at Austerlitz (see also Pressburg, Treaty of). |
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http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/F/Francis2HRE.html
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| | Metternich: Success or Failure? |
| | To add insult to injury, this particular act of Napoleonic modernisation changed the title of the Habsburg Emperor from Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, to Francis I, Emperor of the remaining Habsburg dominions. | | | This was a particularly powerful psychological blow to the dynasty’s sense of self worth: the Habsburgs had been Holy Roman Emperors for almost all of the previous 400 years and suddenly it no longer existed. | | | Inevitably, the alliance was a fragile construction and by 1822 after the bizarre suicide of Castlereagh (he slit his own throat with a penknife in a fit of melancholy) the Congress System was also effectively dead. |
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http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~semp/metternich.htm
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| | Untitled Document |
| | Robert Burns, Samuel L. Clemens (Mark Twain), Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (Sherlock Holmes), Edward Gibbon (Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire), Edgar A. Guest, Rudyard Kipling, Alexander Pope, Sir Walter Scott, Jonathan Swift, Lowell Thomas, Voltair and many others. | | | Francis Scott Key (wrote our National Anthem), Ralph Bellamy (wrote our Pledge of Allegiance), Paul Revere, John Paul Jones, Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, Patrick Henry and many others. | | | Gutzon Borglum and his son, Lincoln Borglum (together carved Mt. Rushmore National Memorial), Johann G. Schadow (Prussian Court Sculptor) J. Otto Schweizer and many others. |
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http://www.mastermason.com/woodstock639/famousmason.htm
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| | index.php?topic=2078.0 |
| | This is also the case with Thomas Jefferson; John Adams; Benjamin Rush, Robert Morris; John Witherspoon; George Wythe; Francis Lightfoot Lee; Richard Henry Lee, and others. | | | Marshall, George C. - Five Star General, Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff World War II, Post war Secretary of State and Architect of the Marshall Plan. | | | George VI - King of England during W.W. Georges II 1895-1952. |
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http://www.nwowatcher.com/smf/index.php?topic=2078.0
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| | Lafayette |
| | Holy Roman Emperor refused whereupon Adrienne asked to share, with her two daughters, her husbands prison cell. | | | The Emperor arranged for them to be taken to a hospital, but Adrienne refused and remained with her husband for almost two years. | | | Perhaps the most permanent effect that Lafayette has had in this country, beyond his heroism on the battlefield, is the number of places named for him in the United States. |
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http://www.fhsclassmates.com/lafayette.htm
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| | SOURCES |
| | Francis II Holy Roman Emperor (the last) 1792-1806: page 1685 list of Holy | | | Leopold II of Hapsburg-Austria, Holy Roman Emperor 1747-1792: Chapter 13, | | | Elizabeth II of England: "The House of Windsor" Denis Judd. |
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http://home.att.net/~hamiltonclan/hamilton/gilbert/fowsrc.htm
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| | Medieval Sourcebook: Salimbene: On Frederick II, 13th Century |
| | Moreover, he knew to speak with many and varied tongues, and, to be brief, if he had been rightly Catholic, and had loved God and His Church, he would have had few emperors his equals in the world." | | | Medieval Sourcebook: Salimbene: On Frederick II, 13th Century | | | Francis to Dante, (London: David Nutt, 1906), pp. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/salimbene1.html
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| | FREE PRESS INTERNATIONAL: A long list of secretive masonic freemasons |
| | Edward Gibbon (Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire) | | | George I & George II (Kings of Greece, 1845-1913 & 1922-47) | | | John Shirley - DeMolay Chapter Dad - sentenced to life imprisonment being found guilty on 27 of 36 felony child sex abuse charges. |
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http://fpiarticle.blogspot.com/2005/04/long-list-of-secretive-masonic.html
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| | Francis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Francis Dade, a major in the United States Army during the Seminole Wars. | | | Francis, Duke of Guise, French soldier and politician. | | | Saint Francis Xavier, a founding member of the Jesuit Order. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis
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| | TIMELINE 19th Century page of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE |
| | The big names in the newspapers of 1880-1890 were: * Alexander III (Russia)* Otto von Bismark (Germany)* Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany)* Rutherford B. Hayes (US President) * Benjamin Harrison (US President) * James Garfield (US President) * Queen Victoria (Britain and her Empire) see "The Victorian Era" below. | | | The big names in the newspapers of 1870-1880 were: * Alexander II (Russia)* Franz Josef (Austria)* Otto von Bismark (Germany)* Ulysses S Grant (US President) * Rutherford B. Hayes (US President) * Queen Victoria (Britain and her Empire) see "The Victorian Era" below. | | | Napoleon rises from First Consul of France in 1800 to Emperor in 1804, and essentially controlled the European continent before his defeat at Waterloo in 1815. |
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http://www.magicdragon.com/UltimateSF/timeline19.html
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| | Chronology: the ‘Long |
| | Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, proclaims himself also Emperor of Austria as Francis I, Bonaparte proclaims himself Emperor Napoleon I, is crowned by the Pope Pius VII. | | | Emperor Ferdinand of Austria abdicates, is succeeded by Francis Joseph. | | | Death of Leopold II, accession of Francis II. |
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http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~mercerb/19thC.html
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| | Holy Roman Empire |
| | He was followed by his son Otto who became King Otto I in 936 and the first Holy Roman Emperor from 962 to 973. | | | Francis II ruled thereafter as Francis I of the Austrian Empire (established in 1804). | | | The (second) medieval revival of the Western Roman Empire was referred to as The Holy Roman Empire which lasted from 962 AD to 1806. |
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http://www.arcaini.com/ITALY/ItalyHistory/HolyRomanEmpire.htm
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| | The Germanies |
| | The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was also King Charles I of Spain. | | | Having lost out in their power struggle with the Bourbons of France and in their struggle to gain dominance within the Holy Roman Empire, the Austrian Habsburgs concentrated on enlarging their hereditary lands at the expense of the declining Muslim Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. | | | Otto I the Great (936-973) is often considered to be the founder of the Holy Roman Empire, which included Northern and Central Italy. |
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http://faculty.ucc.edu/egh-damerow/the_germanies.htm
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| | Holy Roman Empire |
| | After 1648, the empire was simply a loose collection of semi-independent states under the nominal authority of the emperor. | | | The Roman title of emperor, which had lapsed in western Europe in the 5th century, was revived in 800 by Pope Leo III and conferred on Charlemagne, king of the Franks. | | | After another lapse when the Carolingian line died out, the title of emperor, or Holy Roman emperor, was borne by successive dynasties of German kings almost continuously from the mid-10th century until the abolition of the empire. |
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http://www.hfac.uh.edu/gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/HolyRomanEmpire/HolyRomanEmpire.html
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| | Archduke Charles: bio and encyclopedia article |
| | In 1806 Francis II (now Francis I of Austria) named the Archduke Charles Commander in Chief of the Austrian army as well as Head of the Council of War. | | | Serving with distinction against Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon Bonaparte: French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)) in 1796, Charles then beat lesser opponents such as General Jourdan (General Jourdan: more facts about this subject) and General Massena (General Massena: andré masséna (may 6, 1758 - april 4, 1817), duke of rivoli, prince of essling,... | | | As generalissimo of the army he had been made field marshal (field marshal: An officer holding the highest rank in the army) some years before. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/reference/archduke_charles
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| | The Congress of Vienna |
| | Holy Alliance of Sovereigns of Austria, Prussia, and Russia. | | | There shall be from this day forward perpetual Peace and Friendship between His Britannic Majesty and his Allies on the one part, and His Majesty the King of France and Navarre on the other, their Heirs and Successors, their Dominions and Subjects, respectively. | | | The final document of the Congress of Vienna, signed on June 9, 1815, to establish lasting peace in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. |
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http://www.amitm.com/thecon/lesson2.html
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