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| | Federation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | A federal upper house may be based on a special scheme of apportionment, as is the case in the senates of the United States and Australia, where each state is represented by an equal number of senators irrespective of the size of its population. | | | Alternatively, or in addition to this practice, the members of an upper house may be indirectly elected by the government or legislature of the component states, as occurred in the United States prior to 1913, or be actual members or delegates of the state governments, as, for example, is the case in the German Bundesrat. | | | Formal federalism (or 'constitutional federalism') - the delineation of powers is specified in a written constitution. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation
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| | Constitution of the Federal Republic of |
| | The coat-of-arms of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is to be established by federal statute. | | | The election and termination of the mandates of federal deputies in the Chamber of Citizens of the Federal Assembly shall be regulated by federal law, while the election and termination of the mandates of federal deputies in the Chamber of Republics of the Federal Assembly shall be regulated by the laws of each member republic. | | | Justices of the Federal Constitutional Court and the Federal Court, the Federal Public Prosecutor, professional members of the armed forces and police force of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia may not belong to political parties. |
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http://www.uta.edu/cpsees/YUGOCON.htm
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| | Establishing a Federal Republic - Thomas Jefferson (Library of Congress Exhibition) |
| | The north wing of the Capitol housed the Congress, the Supreme Court, and Library of Congress when the federal government moved to Washington, D.C. in the fall of 1800. | | | Federal Hall in New York was the site of the meeting of the First Federal Congress in 1789. | | | Although Thomas Jefferson was in France serving as United States minister when the Federal Constitution was written in 1787, he was able to influence the development of the federal government through his correspondence. |
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http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jefffed.html
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| | LLRX -- Guide to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Legal Research |
| | The Federal Parliament has the election function: it elects and changes the President of the Federal Government, judges of the Federal Constitutional Court and of the Constitutional Court, and the President of the National Bank of Yugoslavia. | | | This court decides on the last level, on the appeals against verdict of the supreme courts and the Republic Military Court, in cases where sentences of imprisonment for fifteen years, or the harder sentences, were pronounced by the Criminal Law Act. | | | This federal state, proclaimed by the Constitution on 27 April 1992, is based on the pluralistic, parliamentary democracy, committed to the rule of law, free market economy, freedom of public activities, social justice, human rights, equality and welfare of all citizens. |
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http://www.llrx.com/features/yugoslavia.htm
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| | Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of |
| | Vojislav Kostunica was elected President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on September 24, and took office on October 7, after mass demonstrations by citizens protesting Slobodan Milosevic's attempts to manipulate the Federal Election Commission and force a second election round led Milosevic to concede defeat. | | | The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Yugoslavia) [1], a constitutional republic consisting of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro, has a president and a parliamentary system of government based on multiparty elections. | | | Federal law gives republic ministries of the interior sole control over the decision to monitor potential criminal activities, a power that is abused routinely. |
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http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/eur/index.cfm?docid=865
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| | Proposed Federal Constitution |
| | Article 70: Federal Judges are nominated by the federal Premier and are confirmed and appointed by the Federal House. | | | The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. | | | The President of the Federal Republic of China is elected by the Electoral College, which is composed of Members of the two Houses of Parliament States, Provinces, Municipalities and Regions. |
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http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/7288/fedconn.htm
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| | Modern History Sourcebook: Germany: Basic Law, 1949 |
| | The judicial authority is vested in the judges; it is exercised by the Federal Constitutional Court, by the Supreme Federal Court, by the Federal courts provided for in this Basic Law and by the courts of the Länder. | | | Half of the members of the Federal Constitutional Court are elected by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat. | | | (3) The judges of the Supreme Federal Court are selected jointly by the Federal Minister of justice and a committee for the selection of judges consisting of the Land Ministers of justice and an equal number of members elected by the Bundestag. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/CONST-DE.html
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| | Germany - Free Encyclopedia |
| | On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Head of Government, and by the Enabling Act on March 23, 1933, a wide majority of the parliament disbanded the constitution of the Weimer Republic. | | | The function of head of state is performed by the Bundespr?ident (Federal President), whose powers are mostly limited to ceremonial and representative duties. | | | Germany is a constitutional federal democracy, whose political system is laid out in the 1949 'constitution' called Grundgesetz (Basic Law). |
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http://www.wacklepedia.com/g/ge/germany_2.html
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| | Human Rights Watch World Report 2002: Europe & Central Asia: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia |
| | The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia signed the Statute of the International Criminal Court on December 19, 2000, and it ratified the statute on September 6, 2001. | | | On November 1, 2000, the General Assembly approved admission of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to membership in the United Nations. | | | The Yugoslav Ministry of Justice drafted a law in June, but the Montenegrin partner in the federal coalition government, the Socialist People's Party (SNP), blocked its adoption. |
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http://www.hrw.org/wr2k2/europe23.html
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| | Criminal Code of Yugoslavia |
| | Provisions of the General Part of this Code are applicable to all criminal acts defined in the laws of the federation, republics and autonomous provinces. | | | (1) Criminal codes of republics and autonomous provinces apply to anybody who on the territory of the republic or autonomous province commits a criminal act for which the law provides a punishment, regardless of where he is tried for the act. | | | Applicability of criminal laws of republics or provinces to criminal acts committed outside the territory of the SFRJ |
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http://pbosnia.kentlaw.edu/resources/legal/bosnia/criminalcode_fry.htm
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| | Germany |
| | As the western occupation zones moved to unity in the last years of the 1940s, it became obvious that the governmental entity which would develop would adopt the black-red-gold of the Weimar Republic and indeed, it was established as the National Flag on 9 May 1949, two weeks before the Federal Republic came into existence. | | | Editor's note: compare with the 'federal shield' or Bundesschild, also with the eagle in the presidential standard. | | | Standard of the Federal President (Standarte des Bundespräsidenten) |
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http://fotw.vexillum.com/flags/de.html
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| | CIA - The World Factbook -- Germany |
| | Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat) | | | elections: Federal Assembly - last held 18 September 2005 (next to be held September 2009); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election | | | cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor |
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http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/gm.html
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| | Encyclopedia article on Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia [EncycloZine] |
| | Democratic Federative Yugoslavia was reconstituted at the AVNOJ conference in Jajce (November 29 - December 4 1943) while negotiations with the royal government in exile continued. | | | On November 29 1945 the Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia was established as a socialist state (also by AVNOJ in Jajce). | | | The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state that existed from 1945 to 1992. |
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http://encyclozine.com/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia
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| | Federal Republic of Germany: Demographics |
| | Judicial branch: Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht, half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat | | | elections: Federal Assembly—last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held by 27 September 1998); Federal Council—last held NA (next to be held NA) | | | Constitution: 23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the united German people 3 October 1990 |
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http://www.kmike.com/country/gmdemog.htm
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| | Federal republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In a federation, unlike in a unitary state, the self-governing status of autonomous regions is constitutionally entrenched and cannot be revoked by a unilateral decision of the central government. | | | A federal republic is a state which is both a federation and a republic. | | | A federation is a state composed of a number of self-governing regions (often themselves referred to as 'states' or 'regions') united by a central, federal government. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_republic
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| | Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria |
| | ABUJA, in 1976, was selected by the Federal Government to become the new seat of government; and in 1992, the first of four stages of this move to Abuja was launched with most of the senior government officials now in Abuja. | | | Igbo societies were organized in self-contained villages, or federations of village communities, with a society of elders and age-grade associations sharing various governmental functions. | | | ZARIA, one of the original seven Hausa cities founded in the 16th Century, is a vibrant, attractive city which has retained its ancient look by leaving most of the modern development and industry to nearby Kaduna. |
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http://www.nigeriaembassyusa.org/history.shtml
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| | HRW World Report 1999: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: Human Rights Developments |
| | The government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), led by President Slobodan Milosevic, continued its blatant disregard for human rights in 1998. | | | On October 20, the Serbian parliament adopted a new Law on Public Information that incorporated many of the restrictions from the special decree, notably a ban on foreign radio and television broadcasts that were “of a political-propaganda nature.” The law imposed exorbitantly high fines on those who breach the law. | | | A number of prominent indictees remained on FRY territory during the year, and the government refused visas to some ICTY investigators who wished to conduct investigations in Kosovo, as well as U.S. Ambassador at Large for War Crimes Issues David Scheffer. |
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http://www.hrw.org/worldreport99/europe/yugoslavia.html
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| | Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - definition of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in Encyclopedia |
| | However, the United Nations, and many individual states (especially the United States) had refused to recognise it as the continuation of the former Yugoslavia, although they accepted it as constituting a state. | | | The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was finally re-admitted to the United Nations in 2000 after several years of suspension. | | | The two states also have different customs tariffs, separate state budgets, police forces, governments. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia
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| | MSN Encarta - Germany |
| | In 1945 the Allied Powers of the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) defeated Germany in World War II. | | | Federal Republic of Germany (German Bundesrepublik Deutschland), major industrialized nation in Central Europe, a federal union of 16 states (Länder). | | | Germany is bounded on the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; on the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; on the south by Austria and Switzerland; and on the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and The Netherlands. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761576917
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| | REGIERUNGonline |
| | German Football Federation (DFB) officials at the Chancellery | | | Facts about Germany is a handbook for anyone seeking reliable up-to-date information on the Federal Republic of Germany. | | | The German government wants to reform child support laws with a view to promoting child welfare and providing economic protection for families affected by divorce or separation. |
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http://www.bundesregierung.de/en
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| | BIGpedia - West Germany - Encyclopedia and Dictionary Online |
| | West Germany was the informal name for the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1990, during which years the Federal Republic did not yet include East Germany (formally called the German Democratic Republic (GDR)). | | | Since the German reunification of 1990, the Federal Republic of Germany is informally called simply Germany. | | | West Germany was proclaimed May 23, 1949, with Bonn as capital, and included the post-World War II UK, US, and French occupation zones. |
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http://www.bigpedia.com/encyclopedia/West_Germany
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| | AEGiS: Federal Republic of Nigeria |
| | Capital City Abuja; Note - on 12 December 1991 the capital was officially transferred from Lagos to Abuja; most federal government offices have now made the move to Abuja. | | | The republic is also known for its music. |
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http://www.aegis.com/countries/nigeria.html
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| | Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria |
| | The Federal Government of Nigeria in its determined efforts to develop and promote tourism into an economically viabe industry had in 1991 evolved a touriam policy. | | | Large deposits of Tantalite are known to occur in Nasarawa, Gombe and Kogi tates as well as the Federal Capital Territory. | | | Large bentonite reserves of 700 million tonnes are available in many states of the Federation ready for massive development and exploitation. |
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http://www.nigeriaembassyusa.org/investment.shtml
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| | USAID: Federal Republic of Serbia |
| | The importance of Serbia to maintaining regional stability, and the realistic potential for exerting a strong positive influence in favor of systemic change constitute the rationale for U.S. engagement to address key democratic transition issues. | | | Our local government initiatives focus on helping opposition-led municipalities improve the delivery of essential services, increase citizen participation and transparency in local government decision-making, encourage legal and financial sustainability, and strengthen local government’s relationship with and influence at the national level. | | | Despite the recent emergence of an increasingly viable opposition movement, President Milosevic’s leadership continues to represent a significant obstacle to developing Southeast Europe into a stable, democratic, and economically vibrant region that can be integrated into Europe. |
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http://www.usaid.gov/pubs/bj2001/ee/yu/serbia_index.html
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