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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Modena |
 | | Until 1449 the administration of Nonantola was confided to commendatory abbots, one of whom was St. | | | In 1846 Francesco V succeeded to the duchy, and in the troubles of 1848 was compelled to seek refuge in Austria, but returned in the following year. | | | In 1859, however, having declared for Austria, he was again obliged to leave his states, and the provisional government, under Carlo Farini, decreed the annexation of Modena to the Kingdom of Italy. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10413a.htm
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| | 1598-1998, Quarto centenario di Modena Capitale |
| | The state was divided into five provinces: Modena, Reggio, Garfagnana, Lunigiana, and Frignano, controlled by governors delegated by the Duke. | | | Close to the Viennese Habsburgs, he was chosen by Maria Teresa of Austria to govern the state of Milan and he used Modena an a laboratory for political and administrative experimentation, introducing such innovative reforms as to make it one of the most advanced states in continental Europe. | | | Finally, in 1773 he radically reformed the university, distinguishing four university degrees: Theology, Law, Arts and Philosophy, and Medicine, creating a model that was imitated by many other Italian and foreign universities. |
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http://www.comune.modena.it/capitale/istoria.htm
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| | The Succession Laws of Modena |
| | The final Act of the Congress of Vienna of 1815 returned Modena, Reggio and Mirandola to him, and returned Massa and Carrara to his mother Maria Beatrice Ricciarda. | | | Francesco V, however, felt that the Congress of Vienna had restored Modena as a fully sovereign state and not a fief of the defunct Holy Roman Empire, and that its rulers were free to dispose of the succession upon extinction of the line. | | | In case of extinction of Ferdinand's heirs, his collateral heirs in the house of Austria, as defined by the Pragmatic Sanction, were called to succeed. |
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http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/modena.htm
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| | REGGIO (Jewish Encyclopedia) - BibleWiki |
| | Until the year 1486 civil and criminal cases among the Hebrews were tried before a magistrate specially appointed for this purpose; after that date they were tried before the ordinary judges. | | | These merchants, enraged at the monopoly held by the Jews, sought to have them banished from this territory; they succeeded in their efforts in the beginning of the sixteenth century. | | | Italian city, capital of the province of Reggio nell' Emilia. |
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http://bible.tmtm.com/wiki/REGGIO_(Jewish_Encyclopedia)
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| | Encyclopedia: Józef Antoni Poniatowski |
| | Szlachta (pronounced: [ʃlaxta]) was the noble class in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). | | | During the Kosciuszko rising he again fought gallantly for his country under his former subordinate, and after the fall of the republic resided as a private citizen at Warsaw for the next ten years. | | | Józef Antoni Poniatowski (May 7, 1763 - October 19, 1813), Polish prince and marshal of France, son of Andrew Poniatowski and the countess Theresa Kinsky, was born at Vienna. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/J%C3%B3zef-Antoni-Poniatowski
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| | Francis I |
| | A quasi-official Italian-language biography written by the sometime ambassador of King Francis to the Imperial Court of Austria. | | | Vita di Francesco V, Duca di Modena (l8l9-l875). | | | At the death of his father Duke Francis IV of Modena, January 21, 1846, Francis succeeded as Duke Francis V of Modena; he also bore the titles of Duke of Reggio and Mirandola, Duke of Massa, Prince of Carrara and Lunigiana. |
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http://www.jacobite.ca/kings/francis1.htm
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: States of the Church |
| | Until the middle of the eighth century this consisted wholly of private property, but the term was later applied to the States of the Church, and more particularly to the Duchy of Rome. | | | The Rovere pope Sixtus IV had in 1474 made Federigo of Montefeltro Duke of Urbino, and married Federigo's daughter Giovanna to his nephew Giovanni della Rovere. | | | Innocent thus became the restorer of the States of the Church. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14257a.htm
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| | Metternich on Modena, 1831 |
| | The Duchy of Modena and the Papal States have been the first to raise the standard of revolt. | | | Historical sketch of the revolutionary movements in Modena and the Papal States. | | | An attempt had been made some days before at Reggio, but it was put down by the troops; from the 4th that city was in open revolt. |
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http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~habsweb/sourcetexts/modena.htm
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| | Antichi Stati Italiani |
| | At the time of the issue of the postage stamps (1852) the Duchy was divided in territories (or provinces) of Modena, Reggio, Guastalla, Frignano, Garfagnana and Massa and Carrara with overall 21 Postal Offices (others followed in the same 1852, in 1853, 1854, 1855, 1858 and 1859). | | | From June 13th the lawyer Liuigi Zini got the responsibility of "Provisional Extraordinary Commissioner" ("Commissario Straordinario Provvisorio") up to June 18th (the 20th for somebody else) when Carlo Farini was nominated "Dictator of the Modena Provinces" ("Dittatore delle Provincie Modenesi") as per Eugenio from Savoj decree. | | | Already in April 1859 the Sardinia army started to occupy the territories South of the Appennini mountains (Modena territories beyond the Appennini). |
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http://www.antichistati.com/800/mo/mointroen.htm
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| | Francis V, Duke of Modena - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Duke Francis V of Modena (Italian: Francesco V d'Este) (1 June 1819–20 November 1875), the eldest son of Francis IV of Modena and of Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy. | | | At the death of his father Duke Francis IV of Modena, January 21, 1846, Francis succeeded as reigning Duke of Modena; he also bore the titles of Duke of Reggio and Mirandola, Duke of Massa, Prince of Carrara and Lunigiana. | | | Francis withdrew to Austria where he lived most of the rest of his life. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_V,_Duke_of_Modena
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| | Ruffini |
| | After the fall of Napoleon, Ruffini became rector of the University of Modena in 1814. | | | Fantini, who had taught Ruffini geometry when he was an undergraduate, found his eyesight deteriorating and in 1791 he had to resign his post at Modena. | | | However, he soon left this position and, in early 1798, he returned to his scientific work at the University of Modena. |
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http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ruffini.html
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| | WHKMLA : History of Modena, 1814-1860 |
| | Gracie, General Gazetteer 1823 : Duchy of Modena | | | In 1846 he was succeeded by his son Francesco V. In 1852 the diocesis of Modena was elevated archdiocesis. | | | and V. of Modena, from Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1911 edition |
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http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/italy/modena181460.html
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| | ARIOSTO, Ludovico |
| | Born: September 8, 1474, in Reggio, Emilia, Duchy of Modena | | | From 1489 to 1494, Ariosto was forced to study law, but switched to literature in 1499. | | | Ariosto's father was Count Niccolò, who was commander at Reggio Emilia before moving the family back to Ferrara when Ariosto was ten. |
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http://michaelroth.tripod.com/bio007.htm
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| | Paradox Interactive Forums - View Single Post - Wars, Treaties & Alliances |
| | We have a mission to uphold and defend the Catholic faith. | | | Kingdom of France recognise His Royal Highness Duke Ercole II d’Este’s right to reign sovereign over the duchies of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio, the House of Este is the rightful ruling family over these duchies, now and forever. | | | [X] His Royal Highness Duke Ercole II of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio through His Excellency Ambassador Alphonso de Marcho Galeotto |
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http://www.europa-universalis.com/forum/showpost.php?p=2466452&postcount=6
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| | The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy |
| | The opinion of Borso, himself created Duke of Modena and Reggio in return for an annual payment of 4,000 gold florins, when his imperial patron was distributing titles and diplomas to all the little court, is not mentioned. | | | The humanists, then the chief spokesmen of the age, were divided in opinion according to their personal interests, while the Emperor was greeted by some of them with the conventional acclamations of the poets of imperial Rome. | | | The first great bacchanalian outbreak of military ambition took place in the duchy of Milan after the death of Giangaleazzo (1402). |
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http://www.idbsu.edu/courses/hy309/docs/burckhardt/1-3.html
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| | THE ORDER OF MALTA, SOVEREIGNTY, AND INTERNATIONAL LAW |
| | After 1815 diplomatic relations were initiated with the Duchy of Modena and Reggio (in 1844), and the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (in 1845), and also San Marino, with none of which it had enjoyed relations before 1798. | | | 35 The former Duchy of Teschen that had opted for union with Germany in 1919 but had been forcibly united with the new Czech Republic. | | | These included Parma, Tuscany, Piombino, Modena, Ferrara, Guastalla, Mantua, etc, each of which were treated by the Powers as Sovereign States before 1797. |
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http://www.chivalricorders.org/orders/smom/maltasov.htm
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| | Rules |
| | Example 4: There is a Genoese army (G) in Modena, an Austrian army (A) in Mantua, a Venetian army (V) in Verona, a Papal army (P) in Ferrara, a Florentine army (F) in Bologna, and a French army (R) in Lucca. | | | G is ordered to advance into Mantua, V into Ferrara, P into Bologna and R into Modena. | | | V is supported by A, and R by F. Because the attacks against Ferrara and Modena are stronger than the attacks against Mantua and Bologna, R and V may advance, forcing G and P to retreat. |
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http://www.digicamera.net/game/rulesivu.htm
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| | Garfagnana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Garfagnana is an historical region of Italy, today part of the province of Lucca in the Appennines, in Tuscany, but before the unification of Italy it belonged to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, ruled by the Este family. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfagnana
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| | [No title] |
| | Modena è the capital of the Duchy of the House of Este In October 1597, Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio, died leaving no male heirs. | | | In order to provide the diplomats and monarchs passing through Modena with an image worthy of the ambitions of the House of Este, in 1634, Francesco I began building the huge Palazzo Ducale, and, a few years later, a summer residence at Sassuolo. | | | In January 1598, Ferrara, which belonged to the papal estate, was returned to the Pontificate and the new Duke, Cesare I d'Este, transferred its capital to Modena. |
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http://www.comune.modena.it/turismo/modenatur/gruppi/ing/estensing.html
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| | History |
| | ITALIAN UNIFICATION ITALIAN UNIFICATION States before Unification Kingdom of Sardinia Duchy of Parma Papal States Grand Duchy of Tuscany Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia (part of Austria-Hungary) South Tyrol and Trents (part of Austria-Hungary) Duchy of Modena and Reggio... | | | Japan and The League of Nations 3ai) Japan is shown in the cartoon walking over the figure of the League of Nations because the cartoonist believes that it was because of Japan-Manchuria crisis of1931 that the League of Nations started to fail, and he is probably right, for this was the first major... |
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http://www.studentcentral.co.uk/History/more7.html
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| | List of Dukes of Modena -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | Borso 1450-1471 became Duke of Ferrara in 1471 | | | They continued to rule the (additional info and facts about Duchy of Modena and Reggio) Duchy of Modena and Reggio in the (Tropical African herbs) Emilia until 1796, when it became part of (French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)) Napoleon Bonaparte's (additional info and facts about Cispadane Republic) Cispadane Republic. | | | In 1452 the Italian family of (additional info and facts about Este) Este, Lords of (additional info and facts about Ferrara) Ferrara, were created Dukes of (additional info and facts about Modena) Modena and (additional info and facts about Reggio) Reggio, becoming Dukes of Ferrara also in 1471. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/l/li/list_of_dukes_of_modena.htm
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| | Duchy of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio Emilia |
| | n Modena, the Palace of the Dukes became a stately home for the Este and their priceless art collections. | | | The built splendid stately homes, such a the "Mauriziano" in Reggio Emilia or majestic palaces, such as their residence ai Sassuolo. | | | nd when Ferrara was yielded into the hands of the papal states at the end of the XVI century, Modena and Reggio Emilia carried on the great tradition of the magnificence of the Este dynasty for another two centuries. |
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http://www.wonderful-italy.it/ancient/duchy.html
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| | Traditional Balsamic Vinegar - Aceito Balsamico Tradizionale - Food Reference, Food Facts |
| | Twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth century historical documents state the production of balsamic vinegar in Reggio Emilia and Scandiano. | | | The first written documentation of traditional balsamic vinegar dates back to 1046, when Henry III, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, on his way to Rome for coronation, stopped in Piacenza, and wrote Marquis of Tuscany Boniface, asking for a gift of famous and special vinegar had heard about. | | | This unique vinegar starts as ripe grapes (Trebbiano, Occhio di Gatto, Spergola and Berzemino grown in a well defined area of Reggio Emilia). |
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http://www.foodreference.com/html/artbalsamicvinegar2.html
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| | Welcome to Golfood - Emilia Romagna |
| | Modena, the city of art, right in the heart of the Duchy of the Este has architectural jewels that are admired the world over. | | | Modena is a multi-faceted city with a surprising wealth of treasures for the visitor to explore. | | | The Province of Modena has a great deal to offer its visitors: Nonantola and its Benedictine abbey, Sassuolo with its magnificent Ducal Palace and the Hot Springs at Salvarola, Maranello and the Ferrari works, Carpi with its huge piazza and famous knitwear factories, Vignola, famous for its cherries, the Modena Apennines, and so on. |
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http://www.golfood.net/modena.htm
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| | Pietro Angelo Secchi -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | born June 29, 1818, Reggio nell'Emilia, duchy of Modena [now in Italy] | | | Italian Jesuit priest and astrophysicist, who made the first survey of the spectra of stars and suggested that stars be classified according to their spectral type. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066512
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| | bahrain.ca - Reggio |
| | Selected Resources about the Reggio Emilia Approach to Early Childhood Education. | | | The Hundred Languages of Children: The Reggio Emilia Approach--Advanced Reflections Second Edition | | | Working in the Reggio Way: A Beginner's Guide for American Teachers |
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http://bahrain.ca/Reggio/reference/search
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| | FIRENZE |
| | Follows an enlargement of the postage stamp with the circular date stamp: | | | The rate 20 centesimes of Lira was equivalent to the flat rate for letters addressed beyond the Postal Direction of Florence and, precisely, to a location (Luzzara) situated in the territory of the ex Duchy of Modena and Reggio. |
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http://home.wanadoo.nl/bagaglia/FIRENZE_N1_Cover.htm
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| | Modena - Italy |
| | Modena has always been distinguished as the peculiar home and residence of princes of a domestic character, who loved and cherished the arts: of their taste in this respect, the Ducal Palace bears proof, being adorned by the works of the first masters, Tintoretto, Guido, Guercino, Andrea del Sacchi, &c. | | | In the prosecution of our journey, towards mid-day, we reached Reggio, the birth-place of Ariosto, a small fortified city, lying on the Tessone: and from thence, passing through Ruberia, arrived at Modena early in the evening. | | | The entrance into this city, the capital of the Duchy of Modena, is beautiful; the streets, lined with open arcades, are broad, elegant, and clean, especially the Strada Mastra, which is very striking; the general character of the architecture good; and many of the palaces and public buildings very handsome. |
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http://www.oldandsold.com/articles07/travel-25.shtml
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| | Italian states before 1861 A-N |
| | 14 Jan 1754 - Nov 1771 Francesco Maria, duca di Modena (b. | | | 3 Mar 1809 Merged into Grand Duchy of Tuscany; part of France. | | | 1497 - 14 Jun 1497 Duchy under Giovanni Borgia duca de |
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http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Italy_states.htm
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