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| | Washingtonpost.com: China Special Report |
 | | The former electrician at the Beijing Zoo was first jailed in 1979 for advocating democratic reform during the short-lived Democracy Wall movement. | | | Wei told his audience today not to be discouraged by the weakened Chinese democracy movement. | | | NEW YORK, Nov. 21China's most prominent dissident, Wei Jingsheng, today embarked on his new role as China's most prominent exile by embracing his freedom after 18 years in prison and promising to press the cause of democracy for 1.2 billion Chinese. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/china/stories/wei1197.htm
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| | Social democracy betrayed, by Ignacio Ramonet |
| | Mr Solana is supported in this decision principally by the French, German, Italian and UK heads of government, Lionel Jospin, Gerhard Schröder, Massimo d’Alema and Tony Blair - all four of them eminent proponents of social democracy in Europe. | | | Social democracy won the intellectual battle after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. | | | How could the social democrat leaders, heirs to Jean Jaurès and a long tradition of respect for international law, yield to pressure from Washington and embark on a military escapade that has not a shred of international legitimacy? |
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http://mondediplo.com/1999/04/01leader
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| | Chinese Democracy |
| | This action sparked a pro-democracy movement that quickly moved beyond the limits of what Deng and other party officials felt was gradual, Party-led social re-education. | | | Given this long and tortuous history of democracy in China, and the numerous connotations and layers of meaning associated with the term "minzhu", when the term appeared on wall posters again in 1989, it was sometimes used less for its intrinsic meaning than for its ability to link present concerns with those of the past. | | | Mao Zedong and the Chinese communists embraced democracy as well; they called the May 4th Movement of 1919 the beginning of the "New Democratic Revolution," and of the Chinese Communist Party. |
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http://www.tsquare.tv/themes/essay.html
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| | Teaching Political Science: American Political Science Association (APSA) |
| | "Big Business: Aside From Being a Movement, the PLO is a Financial Giant." The Wall Street Journal, July 21, 1986. | | | Political Dissent: An International Guide to Extra-Parliamentary Guerrilla and Illegal Political Movements. | | | Friedlander, Robert A. "Terrorism and National Lineration Movements: Can Rights Derive From Wrongs?" Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, vol. |
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http://www.apsanet.org/teach/terrorism.cfm
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| | Democracy in China - 1989 Tiananmen Demonstration Timeline - tian22.htm |
| | April 15: the death of disgraced secretary general of the Communist Party (CCP) Hu Yaobang, who was toppled from power two years earlier for failing to curb small-scale democracy protests. | | | Upon his death, wall posters began appearing immediately on university campuses. | | | May 5: CCP party secretary Zhao Ziyang indicates a willingness to hold a dialogue with the students. |
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http://www.geocities.com/dredeyedick/tian22.htm
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| | Democracy Wall Movement |
| | The Democracy Wall movement activists were silenced, and the rights to publish, speak, associate, and assemble freely guaranteed in the constitution were treated as criminal acts. | | | Several of the participants in the Democracy Wall movement joined the 1986 movement for political rights, which started at the University of Science and Technology in Anhui and moved up the coast until it was suppressed when it sought to enter Tiananmen Square, the symbolic center of political authority in China. | | | Although the Democracy Wall activists employed the same methods of wall posters, pamphlets, open debates and establishing their own networks, that they had used when Mao summoned them to rebel against authority in the Cultural Revolution, their goals were different. |
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http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~asiactr/haq/199903/9903a007.htm
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| | WEI JINGSHENG |
| | This was "The Fifth Modernization-Democracy," signed with the pen-name Wei Jingsheng was to use throughout the Democracy Wall movement, Jin Sheng (golden voice). | | | In the spirit of China's first unorchestrated, large-scale protests since 1949, the April Fifth Movement, the Democracy Wall movement let loose a flood of new and previously taboo ideas, creating the only sustained, spontaneous, critical political discussion the People's Republic had known. | | | His first visit filled him with inspiration: in a single night he wrote his celebrated essay, "The Fifth Modernization-Democracy." With virtually no revisions, it was posted on Democracy Wall by a friend at 2 o'clock in the morning of December 5, 1978. |
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http://www.echonyc.com/~wei/Story.html
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| | Down With Democracy Says CCP |
| | Qin served seven years in prison for his participation in the Democracy Wall Movement and three years in Reeducation Through Labor for his participation in drafting the Peace Charter. | | | Qin Yongmin, activist and author, was arrested on November 30, 1998 for "endangering state security." Chinese officials claimed that his role in preparing for the establishment of the China Democracy Party "breached the relevant provisions of China's criminal laws." His trial is scheduled for December 17, 1998. | | | Xu Wenli, 55, was arrested on November 30, 1998 for "endangering state security" in connection with his efforts to officially establish the China Democracy Party. |
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http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/7288/verdicts.htm
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| | Human Rights Chronology: China , Hong Kong, Tibet (April-June 1998) |
| | Qin served a seven-year term in connection with the Democracy Wall movement (1979-81) and a two-year reeducation term in 1994-95. | | | The group included China Democracy Party founder Wang Youcai; Li Li, a dissident based in Spain; Huang Heqing, and Chen Guangming, Wang Ce, who left China in 1983 to pursue a doctorate in political science, is chair of the overseas Chinese Liberal Democratic Party-Alliance for a Democratic China. | | | In an effort to ensure stability, Party authorities have told the media to steer clear of discussing political reform or drafts of a proposed journalism law which originally was intended to lessen censorship. |
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http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/china-98/chron398.htm
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| | Chinese Workers - Jackie Sheehan - Microsoft Reader eBook |
| | Jackie Sheehan traces the background and development of workers clashes with the Chinese Communist Party through mass campaigns such as the 1956-7 Hundred Flowers movement, the Cultural Revolution, the April Fifth Movement of 1976, Democracy Wall and the 1989 Democracy Movement. | | | Independent Chinese workers organizations took a leading role in the 1989 Democracy Movement. | | | The author provides the most detailed and complete picture of workers protest in China to date and locates their position within the context of Chinese political history. |
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http://www.ebookmall.com/ebook/69534-ebook.htm
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| | China: Nipped In The Bud - Background |
| | Xu Wenli, one of the most prominent, had been sentenced to fifteen years in prison in 1981 for his defense of democracy, and other leading CDP members had been active in the 1989 democracy movement. | | | Democracy Wall was a nondescript stone structure in central Beijing on which people started putting up posters criticizing the Cultural Revolution. | | | As a member of the United Nations, China is obliged to uphold the principles of the Universal Declaration. |
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http://www.hrw.org/reports/2000/china/china009-01.htm
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| | Chinese Democracy |
| | This action sparked a pro-democracy movement that quickly moved beyond the limits of what Deng and other party officials felt was gradual, Party-led social re-education. | | | Given this long and tortuous history of democracy in China, and the numerous connotations and layers of meaning associated with the term "minzhu", when the term appeared on wall posters again in 1989, it was sometimes used less for its intrinsic meaning than for its ability to link present concerns with those of the past. | | | Out of the cacophony of cries for democracy and reform in 1978 and 1979, the loudest and most radical was that of Wei Jingsheng, a Beijing electrician and son of two high-ranking Party officials. |
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http://www.tsquare.tv/themes/essay.html
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| | Scoop: 1 Million Withdraw From Chinese Communist Party |
| | Just fifteen years after the collapse of the Berlin Wall, a massive movement for democracy and freedom has emerged in China and its momentum is shocking the world. | | | This will indeed be a milestone in our history that can be compared with the fall of the Berlin Wall. | | | Maori Party - Turia: What is Rongoa Practice? |
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http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO0504/S00274.htm
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| | Organizations Links at Melançon Enterprises |
| | Labor Notes is “the voice of union activists who want to put the movement back in the labor movement through rank and file democracy” and solidarity. | | | Jews Against The Occupation (JATO) is more aggressive in its protest against the separation (and confiscation) wall (2003) and the Israeli occupation of Palestine itself. | | | Global Exchange “is a human rights organization dedicated to promoting environmental, political, and social justice around the world.” |
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http://www.melanconent.com/links/orgs
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| | Reporters sans frontières - China |
| | He took part in the democracy wall movement in 1979 and founded the magazine Beijing Youth, which was subsequently banned. | | | He helped found the China Democracy Party, also outlawed, and was detained several times for his political activities. | | | He lost his job with the Social Sciences Academy after standing as a candidate in local elections in 1990. |
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http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8244
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| | XVth EACS-Conference - Abstracts - Section D: Modern History and Society |
| | The findings indicate that the public image of the individual participants used in the justification of the Democracy Wall Movement was closely connected to the modes of self-perception and its public display that had been dominant during the Cultural Revolution and belonged to the longer Chinese communist folklore of revolutionary heroism. | | | Thus far, most Western research made on the Movement has concentrated on the nature of democratic reforms the Movement’s activists were proposing and emphasised the influence liberal democratic ideas had in the Democracy Wall Movement. | | | The Democracy Wall Movement in Beijing 1978-1980 is generally regarded as the starting point of the contemporary mainland Chinese democracy movement. |
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http://sun.sino.uni-heidelberg.de/eacs2004/content/abstracts/section-d.php?section=6
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| | Democracy |
| | Democracy Wall Movement Democracy Wall was a communist party system were being criticized along with past mistakes and l... | | | Chinese democracy movement The Chinese democracy movement was and is a loosely organized movement in the 1990s, the move... | | | Anticipatory democracy Anticipatory democracy is a theory of technocracy. |
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http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/topics/democracy.html
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| | II Journal: An ii Interview with Visting Artist Bei Dao: Poet in exile |
| | But part of it is probably that the authorities saw a continuity between the 1978 Democracy Wall Movement, when Jintian was launched, and the events of 1989. | | | It enabled him to say: ``Here are the voices of the people, and they are on my side.'' And so Deng encouraged the Democracy Wall movement for a while, but once he came into power he stopped the movement. | | | Bei Dao: The Democracy Wall movement started with people writing out their grievances, writing out what they had had to suffer during the Cultural Revolution. |
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http://www.umich.edu/~iinet/journal/vol2no1/v2n1_Bei_Dao.html
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| | WEI JINGSHENG |
| | This was "The Fifth Modernization-Democracy," signed with the pen-name Wei Jingsheng was to use throughout the Democracy Wall movement, Jin Sheng (golden voice). | | | In the spirit of China's first unorchestrated, large-scale protests since 1949, the April Fifth Movement, the Democracy Wall movement let loose a flood of new and previously taboo ideas, creating the only sustained, spontaneous, critical political discussion the People's Republic had known. | | | But as Democracy Wall activists began to go beyond the limited role he had envisaged for them and to criticize China's whole political system, Deng began to reconsider this alliance of convenience. |
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http://www.echonyc.com/~wei/Story.html
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| | Democracy |
| | Democracy Wall Movement Democracy Wall was a communist party system were being criticized along with past mistakes and l... | | | Chinese democracy movement The Chinese democracy movement was and is a loosely organized movement in the 1990s, the move... | | | Democracy: The God That Failed Democracy: The God That Failed is a World War I and that it must be delegitimized. |
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http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/topics/democracy.html
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| | Democracy Wall Movement |
| | The Democracy Wall movement activists were silenced, and the rights to publish, speak, associate, and assemble freely guaranteed in the constitution were treated as criminal acts. | | | Several of the participants in the Democracy Wall movement joined the 1986 movement for political rights, which started at the University of Science and Technology in Anhui and moved up the coast until it was suppressed when it sought to enter Tiananmen Square, the symbolic center of political authority in China. | | | Although the Democracy Wall activists employed the same methods of wall posters, pamphlets, open debates and establishing their own networks, that they had used when Mao summoned them to rebel against authority in the Cultural Revolution, their goals were different. |
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http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~asiactr/haq/199903/9903a007.htm
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| | Dissidents' Information from Silicon Valley for Democracy in China |
| | Pan took part in the Democracy Wall movement of the late 1970s as well as the pro-democracy protests of 1989. | | | He was also a participant of the Democracy Wall movement in the 70s. | | | took part in the 1979 Democracy Wall movement, is still a vocal advocate of an independent labor party. |
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http://www.svdc.org/dissidents.html
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| | Democracy Wall Movement |
| | Though they may even disagree with the views or tactics of the one being attacked, the leaders of the Democracy Wall movement immediately came to the defense of their colleagues under attack. | | | In December 1979, Democracy Wall at Xidan was formally closed down. | | | The Democracy Wall movement quickly spread from the Xidan Wall in Beijing to other walls in the city and to other cities Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Huangzhou and Qingdao. |
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http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~asiactr/haq/199903/9903a007.htm
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| | Free-TermPapers.com - Democracy Movements In China |
| | When questioned about democracy wall by overseas visitors he reaffirmed more than once that the Chinese people had every right to express their views and that the CCP was not in the least concerned with the criticism in the posters. | | | Many of the views expressed during the Democracy Wall movement regarding the corruption of the party and its lack of legitimacy as a representative of the people are directly related to the main concerns of the Cultural Revolution Rebels and indeed many of the same people, both workers and former students were involved. | | | This was ironic because Hu had been at the forefront of the crackdown on the democracy wall movement and one of the first to condemn the participants in that movement as counter-revolutionaries. |
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http://www.free-termpapers.com/tp/36/pwr130.shtml
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| | victims.html |
| | Veteran activist of 1978-79 Democracy Wall movement and signatory of "Blood" petition. | | | Veteran activist of the 1979 Democracy Wall Movement and member of the April 5 Forum, Xu, 45, has been imprisoned twice for his pro-democracy activities for a total of 12 years. | | | Lu, 28, is a former student of the Hainan Mining Institute and was an active participant in the 1989 pro-democracy movement. |
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http://www.christusrex.org/www1/sdc/victims.html
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| | Suppression of democracy in China - November 16, 1999 |
| | Wei Jingsheng who was the organizer of the Democracy Wall Movement of 1978, Wang Dan, the student organizer of the Pro-Democracy Movement of 1989, and Fang Lizhi, the organizer of the Democracy Salons of 1988 and 1989, and the Pro Democracy Movement of 1989. | | | I call on those who live in freedom to denounce the Chinese government's actions of June 4, 1989, and support the dissidents like Harry Wu, the head of the Laogai Research Foundation. | | | Suppression of democracy in China- November 16, 1999 |
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http://wildcat.arizona.edu/papers/93/60/05_3_m.html
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| | DON’T ROCK THE BOAT |
| | Xu earlier served 12 years in prison, much of it in solitary confinement for his involvement in the Democracy Wall movement of the late 1970s. | | | Wei Jingsheng, Xu's colleague from the Democracy Wall era, protested the sentences during a visit to Taiwan on Monday, saying "The Chinese Communist authorities' behaviour is totally unrestrained and irrational." | | | The crackdown intensified last month when police arrested Xu and Qin Yongmin, another veteran of the Democracy Wall movement, and announced charges against Wang, who was already in custody. |
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http://www.lockstockandbarrel.org/news/dont_rock_the_boat.htm
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| | International Day of Action for Tibet |
| | This action later led to the Democracy Wall movement and was the precursor of the more widely known 1989 Tiananmen Square Democracy Movement. | | | Xu Wenli, re-arrested in the recent crackdown on Chinese dissent, was originally imprisoned in the late seventies through the early nineties for being intimately involved in the Democracy Wall Movement and for publishing "The April 5th Forum" out of his home during this time. | | | In Reebok's words, "she is a symbol of freedom of expression, an extraordinary woman who continues to non-violently advance the cause of humans rights at the cost of her own personal freedom and safety." Phuntsog Nyidron is currently suffering from kidney problems. |
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http://www.rtis.com/reg/bcs/pol/touchstone/april99/tibet.html
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| | Wei Honored. Columbia University Record, February 20, 1998 |
| | Together, the men represent two generations of the post-Mao democracy movement in China—the generation of the Democracy Wall movement of 1978–79, of which Wei was a preeminent figure, and the generation of the Tiananmen Square demonstrations of 1989. | | | The co-recipient was Wang Dan, the foremost student leader of the 1989 pro-democracy movement who remains a political prisoner in China. | | | ei Jingsheng, China& most prominent political exile and a visiting scholar at Columbia’s School of International and Public Affairs, has received the 1998 Democracy Award of the National Endowment for Democracy. |
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http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/23/15/20.html
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| | Untitled Normal Page |
| | Active in both the Democracy Wall Movement in the 1970s and the Tiananmen Square Movement, Liu Nianchun has inspired thousands with his work. | | | Liu is considered by many activists to be one of the founding leaders of China's modern democracy movement. | | | Liu Nianchun, veteran democracy and labor activist, has been courageous in his struggle for human rights and democracy in China. |
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http://www.jmu.edu/orgs/tibet/liunianchun.html
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