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Commonwealth of Nations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Reaction to immigration from the new Commonwealth countriesb> into Britain in the 1950s and early 1960s led to the restriction of the right of migration.
Commonwealth countriesb> accorded each others' goods privileged access to their markets ("Commonwealth Preference"), and there was a free or preferred right of migration from one Commonwealth country to another.
The role of Head of the Commonwealth is best likened to that of a ceremonial president -for-life.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Commonwealth



Enlargement of the European Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The heads of State or government and the ministers of foreign affairs of the 25 EU member states following the signature of the Treaty of Accession.
Kazakhstan is approximately 2/3 the size of the EU at present, and if both Russia and Kazakhstan became EU members the EU would be in the ironic position of having the majority of its territory in Asia.
EU membership however continues to be the objective of the government and is a "long-term aim" of the Federal Council.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union (7001 words)



European Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The earliest EU treaty was the Treaty of Paris of 1951 (took effect in 1952) which established the European Coal and Steel Community between an original group of six European countriesb>.
The EU member states have recently agreed to the text of a new constitutional treaty that, if ratified by the member states, would become the first official constitution of the EU, replacing all previous treaties with a single document.
A common EU competition law controlling anti-competitive activities of companies (through antitrust law and merger control) and member states (through the State Aids regime).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union (5236 words)



Commonwealth_realms

Head of the Commonwealth, which is also used when visiting Commonwealth countriesb> where she is not recognised as Head of State.
Following their independence from Britain, most Commonwealth countriesb> retained the Queen as head of state, but eventually changed the title of the monarch to the Sovereign of their own respective nations (ie: "Queen of Barbados", rather than "Queen of the United Kingdom").
Those advocating change have pointed out that the majority of Commonwealth countriesb> have long since become republics, and that were their countriesb> to do the same, they could still be part of the Commonwealth.

http://www.tuxedo-shop.com/search.php?title=Commonwealth_realms (5236 words)



British Commonwealth Countriesb>

Sometimes, parts of states with a distinct history or culture are called "lands" or "countriesb>": England, Scotland and Wales – the three nations on the island of GreatBritain – are known as countriesb>, even though they are effectively governed as "components" of the British state.
Some countriesb> are nation states &; for example, France or Israel.
The Constitution stipulated that Australia was a constitutional monarchy, where the Head of State, the Briti...

http://www.swingdancemusic.com/send/6735-britishcommonwealthcountries.html (5236 words)



Liberalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The influence of Keynesianism on Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal has led liberalism to be identified with the welfare state in the United States and in Canada.
This was a consequence of the choice of American liberals for Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal, influenced by the ideas of British economist John Maynard Keynes, therefore leading liberalism to be identified with the so-called " welfare state".
Liberalism was to make a third dramatic transformation: the creation of a more elaborate state apparatus was argued for as the bulwark of individual liberty and the continuation of capitalism without resorting to dictatorship.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism (5236 words)



Hopes of EU Accession Countriesb> in 2002 and Beyond by Claus Schultz

As the convention can only make recommendations, it will be the EU heads of state who will have to underwrite any constitutional changes at a forthcoming intergovernmental conference in 2004, at which up to 10 additional member countriesb> could already participate as full members and participate in decisions on the future shape of the Union.
On several occasions during the past year EU heads of state have clearly stated that the enlargement process is irreversible.
A distinction should be drawn between issues that have to be resolved before a country can join the Union, such as conformity of public procurement and state subsidies with EU rules, and issues that require more sustained and long-term efforts, such as improving the situation of the Roma population and rooting out corruption.

http://www.worldbank.org/transitionnewsletter/janfeb2002/pgs7-10.htm (1753 words)



Catalan 's Countriesb> ' fight, forward to freedom : IMC Maritimes

The Catalan Countriesb> are divided in sections by the Spanish state in three "regions": Principality of Catalonia (four provinces), Valencian Country (three provinces), and the Balearic Islands (one province).
The Principality of Catalonia, the Valencian Country, and the Balearic Islands form the Catalan Countriesb>, where you are now - territories under the Spanish state administration -, and the North of Catalonia- in the French state.
In 1939 the triumph of the coup d'état of the fascist general Francisco Franco leads again to the lost of the freedoms and institutions of the Catalan countriesb>, which had been slightly recovered at the beginning of the thirties in the XX century.

http://maritimes.indymedia.org/news/2005/02/9802_comment.php (2006 words)



List of countriesb> - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Palestine - State of Palestine (the State of Palestine is currently recognized by over 90 countriesb>, the international status of Palestine is further supported by non-recognizing countriesb> according the Palestinian National Authority a pivotal role in the process that may involve their eventually recognizing a State of Palestine, see also Proposals for a Palestinian state)
This is an alphabetical list of countriesb> of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty.
The names of countriesb> in the list are given in English and include both the short official names (e.g.

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries (2006 words)



The Micronations Page

Like other countriesb>, some of these nations have proclaimed declarations of independence, adopted constitutions, sought diplomatic recognition, sent out envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary, displayed coats-of-arms, and issued stamps, passports, and currency.
It was founded in 1984 and currently claims some 40 members, who have either created "fictional" countriesb> or are simply interested in the phenomenon of "fictional" countriesb>.
Its ruler is President Roman Bold, "President of the Provisional Laputian Revolutionary Council." The country fought a war with San Serriffe (q.v.), which unconditionally surrendered.

http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/5111/archive/patsilor.htm (2006 words)



CNN.com - EU constitution talks collapse - Dec. 13, 2003

The larger countriesb> were also seeking to end the six-month rotating presidency of the organization and replace it with a president elected to a four or six year term, and to limit the EU's executive branch, the European Commission, to 15 members.
The smaller countriesb> argue that the proposal essentially gives the larger countriesb> carte blanche in the EU, while the larger countriesb> argue that a constitution must make voting less complicated and more democratic on the basis of population.
The present and future members of the EU could not come to terms on how the votes are distributed among the members, the Italian presidency said on Saturday.

http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/12/13/eu.summit (761 words)



Situation of refugees and displaced persons in the Russian Federation and some other CIS countriesb>

Most countriesb> of the CIS area complain that, despite a strong political support by the European countriesb> and by some international organisations as to the need to tackle migration issues with greater determination, there persists an inadequacy of financial assistance on their part in terms of both global funds and their more specific utilisation.
Since the CIS countriesb> have hitherto had relatively little experience with such spontaneous large movements and no great tradition of receiving refugees, the existing legislative body (by now considerably improved), national policies and practice as well as public awareness are still inadequate to cope with migration-related problems.
Although the prospects of adhesion of CIS countriesb>, including those being object of this report, are relatively slim for the coming future, one should devise other measures and policies aimed at the enhancement of such integration and participation in these countriesb>.

http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/doc04/EDOC10118.htm (761 words)



marshall a. leaffer and marquette

Consequently, these same countriesb> resist allocating scarce governmental resources to the enforcement of patent rights.
Countriesb> may agree on a certain amount of harmonization and centralized filing mechanisms, but few will forego their sovereignty in favor of some "supernational" court that would adjudicate the enforcement of trademark rights.
n80 [*22] Thus, the benefits to developing countriesb> are the provisions of the TLT that encourage standardization of administrative procedures, leading to reduced paperwork burdens and resulting in less errors by applicants in the registration process.

http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/tfisher/Leaffer.html (761 words)



REC: Approximation of EU Environmental Law: Overview: Conclusions

A strong political commitment from CEE countriesb> to complete the approximation process as soon as possible is reflected by the great number of draft laws and regulations which are queuing up in parliaments or governments.
This leads to the formulation of appropriate political commitments that have been expressed in association agreements concluded by the CEE countriesb> with the European Communities and their member states in the 90s.
After 1989, the majority of CEE countriesb> changed their constitutions and adopted framework environmental laws.

http://www.rec.org/REC/Publications/EUlaw/conclusions.html (2028 words)



Commonwealth of Learning - Connections/EdTech News, December 2002

Working with a variety of organisations in, or on behalf of, developing Commonwealth countriesb>, the interns are learning about the challenges facing the developing world, how education is a broad-based and multi-faceted discipline and how the skills that they will develop during their internship can be transferable to other employment.
COL has sponsored national forums on developing and/or revising national distance education policies in several countriesb> and is an active member of the Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) working groups on teacher training and distance education.
He was Secretary General of the Association of Commonwealth Universities (ACU) from 1980 to 1996 and a former Secretary of the U.K. Open University.

http://www.col.org/news/connections/html/0212.htm (2028 words)



geo.html

The Catalan Countriesb> are in the east of the Iberian peninsula on the Mediterranean coast.This privileged position means that Valencians, Balears and Catalans enjoy a temperate and pleasant climate most of the year and this climate makes a large contribution to the high quality of life of their citizens.
In the Catalan Countriesb>, opposition to Philip V increased because of the continuous vexations on the part of the King and his Viceroy, Fernández de Velasco, who was also in conflict with the Generalitat.
The Catalan Countriesb> were not interested in the war of succession, but were fighting to preserve their rights and liberties.

http://tasteofpoetry.4mg.com/geo.html (2650 words)



Welcome to Freedom House

Produced annually, the Nations in Transit study provides comprehensive analysis of transitions in 27 post-Communist countriesb> (plus Kosovo) by tracking progress and setbacks in electoral processes; civil society; independent media; governance; corruption; and judicial framework and independence.
Based on the study, which tracks the movement of countriesb> toward or away from democracy, Freedom House urges Western leaders concerned with encouraging democratic practices and good governance in the region to:
At the same time, analysis of both countriesb> makes clear that attention is still needed in areas such as advancing judicial reform, fighting corruption, and increasing media independence.

http://www.freedomhouse.org/media/pressrel/061505.htm (2650 words)



Liberalism

Liberal political theory, then, fractures over the conception of liberty.
This theme is central to contemporary American liberalism, which combines strong endorsement of civil and personal liberties with, at best, an indifference, and often enough an antipathy, to private ownership.
Prominent liberals have recently shied away from the conception of liberalism as a comprehensive philosophy, and have sought to return to its roots: as a purely political doctrine.

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/liberalism (2650 words)



prime minister -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Online Article

(or premier), head of government and chief member of cabinet in some countriesb>; makes government policy, appoints ministers, and distributes patronage of church and state; must resign if fails to...
The British prime ministry has served as a model for the heads of government in many Commonwealth countriesb>, Europe, and Japan.
The German invasion of the Low Countriesb>, on May 10, 1940, came like a hammer blow on top of the Norwegian fiasco.

http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocId=9375891&query=prime%20minister&ct= (2650 words)



List of unrecognized countriesb> - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The State of Palestine was declared 1988 and recognized by a series of Arab and Muslim countriesb>, see also: proposals for a Palestinian state and Palestinian territories.
However, Western Sahara is still recognized by a number of countriesb>, and is a member of the African Union.
A June 1994 ceasefire has largely held, leaving Abkhazia outside the control of Georgia's government.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unrecognized_countries (2650 words)



RA President To Participate In CIS Countriesb>’ Chiefs’ Council In Yalta - Armenia Diaspora Conference Official Site

YEREVAN, September 18: RA President Robert Kocharian is leaving for Yalta today to participate in the sitting of the Council of CIS countriesb>’ chiefs.
Besides, the presidents of CIS countriesb> are to make decisions about the chairman and his/her deputy of the CIS Economic Court, about imposing the functions of the Eurasian Economic Court on this institute, as well as about the head of the CIS Antiterrorist Centre.
The agenda of the Council includes aspects concerning the development of cooperation between the countriesb> in the economic sphere, the decisions about finalising the formation of the zone of free trade and development between CIS country members.

http://www.armeniadiaspora.com/js/030918RApres_yalta.html (2650 words)



Travel

Citizens of Crown Commonwealth countriesb> who require visas to enter Australia and Dependencies: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, Papua New Guinea, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, United Kingdom and British citizens and British Overseas Citizens who are re-admissible to the United Kingdom
Citizens of Crown Commonwealth countriesb> who require visas to enter Papua New Guinea: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, St.
Citizens of Crown Commonwealth countriesb> who require visas to enter New Zealand, Associated States and Dependencies: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Papua New Guinea, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Solomon Islands

http://www.fcscanada.com/travel.html (2650 words)



Chapter I - A Tale of Two Countriesb>

Possession was nine-tenths of the law and the two countriesb> had found themselves at loggerheads on this issue numerous times in the past hundred years.
As a result of this and other disputes, both countriesb> were heavily engaged in espionage against each other and had been for years.
It was the Oregon Territory that became the foremost centre of dispute between the United States and Great Britain, through their mercantile surrogates the AFC and HBC, for the next twenty years.

http://www.dickshovel.com/two.html (2650 words)



U.S. & EU Enlargement Countriesb>

The United States and the European Commission signed on September 22 a political Understanding preserving U.S. bilateral investment treaties (BITs) with seven countriesb> that are acceding, or are candidates for accession, to the European Union (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic, Bulgaria and Romania).
Embracing ten new members into the European Union attests to the EU's institutional strength and self-confidence, as well as to "the essential role the Union plays as a force for democracy, prosperity and a force for stability throughout Europe and well beyond Europe," Secretary of State Colin Powell said April 16.
A similar document has already been sent to the Senate concerning Romania, and documents for the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and the Slovak Republic are expected to be sent shortly.

http://www.useu.be/Categories/US&EUEnlargement (4173 words)



Commonwealth countriesb> support Charles and Camilla, no ill will against Crown

The Commonwealth countriesb> are not against the marriage or future status of Camilla.
They are of the opinion that what the British laws say, they shall abide by and honor them.
Commonwealth Countriesb> support both Charles as future King and Camilla as Queen as per the British laws.

http://internationalreporter.com/news/read.php?id=550 (4173 words)



ACP-EU

A debate on the consequences of the tsunami for the ACP countriesb> and on the situation in Togo also took place.
The delegation met political authorities and NGOs in the three countriesb> they visited and were also able to visit projects financed from the European Development Fund.
The Co-Presidents, Sharon Hay Webster (Jamaica) and Glenys Kinnock, accompanied by Vice-Presidents Youssouf Moussa Dawaleh (Djibouti), Michael Gahler and Joeli Nabuka (Fiji), paid a fact-finding visit to Guyana and Jamaica from 14-21 October 2005 primarily to examine the likely impact of the proposed reforms to the EU's sugar régime.

http://www.europarl.eu.int/intcoop/acp/10_01/default_en.htm (1167 words)



ACP Group of States

Sharon Hay Webster, ACP Co-President at the inaugural session of the 10th JPA
Address by the Honourable Roger Marie Rafanomezantsoa, President of the ACP Council of Ministers, at the 10th session of the ACP-EU JPA (in French)
Speech by Ferdinand NYABENDA at the opening of the 2nd meeting of ACP Stakeholders in the cotton sector, 2-4 November 2005, Lomé, Togo

http://www.acpsec.org (816 words)



Liberalism in Africa

This can be explained by the fact that the colonisation of Africa was done by the capitalistic countriesb> (France, Britain, Portugal).
This is, for instance, the case for the imprisonment of the young Samuel Sarr, financial adviser of Mr Wade and also for the liberal deputy, Mody Sy who has been tortured in prison after the post-electoral events in 1993.
However, it is the party of Mr Wade that has been the most active in the battle for the establishment of liberalism and democracy, first in Senegal and later on also in the rest of Africa.

http://www.iflry.org/libel/954d.html (816 words)



Structural Adjustment — a Major Cause of Poverty

Countriesb> are in the driving seat only as the chauffeur of the Washington Consensus limousine.
The hapless president was being forced, in effect, to turn over economic sovereignty of his country to the IMF in return for the aid his country needed.
However, for developing countriesb> to try to compete in the global market place at the same level as the industrialized nations, and before their foundations are stable, is almost economic suicide.

http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/SAP.asp?p=1 (816 words)



Dutch Propose Nine EU Countriesb> Can Halt Talks With Turkey

THE HAGUE, 30/11/04 - Once negotiations with Turkey on membership of the EU have started, these can be halted by nine member countriesb>, under a draft proposal that the Netherlands as EU president has sent to the other EU states.
The Netherlands proposes that one third of the present 25 EU member countriesb> can cancel negotiations with Turkey on membership of the union once these have started, if they consider Ankara is out of line on human rights or maintenance of the constitutional state.
A decision on this is to be taken at the coming European summit of government leaders on Turkey, in Brussels in mid-December, diplomatic sources said yesterday about the draft text.

http://www.nisnews.nl/public/301104_1.htm (240 words)

Topic: Countries <b>of<

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