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| | Soviet Union |
 | | The main tasks of the congress were the election of the standing legislature, the Supreme Soviet, and the election of the chairman of the Supreme Soviet, who acted as head of state. | | | The Supreme Court supervised the lower courts and applied the law, as established by the Constitution or as interpreted by the Supreme Soviet. | | | The Supreme Soviet, which had an elected chairman who functioned as head of state, oversaw the Council of Ministers, which acted as the executive branch of the government. |
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http://hallencyclopedia.com/Soviet_Union
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| | Soviet Union - Factbites |
| | From October, 1988 M.G. was a chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. | | | In 1970 he was elected to the USSR Supreme Soviet. | | | Soviet Union (Former) : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress |
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http://www.factbites.com/topics/Soviet-Union
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| | Wikinfo Collapse of the Soviet Union |
| | On December 25, Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as president, and on December 26 the Supreme Soviet officially dissolved the USSR. | | | On March 11, 1990, Lithuania declared independence and pulled out of the union. | | | However, on August 18, a group of Gorbachev's ministers led by Gennadi Yaneyev, backed by the KGB and military, staged a coup d'état. |
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http://www.wikinfo.org/wiki.php?title=Collapse_of_the_Soviet_Union
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| | New Book Challenges Conventional Wisdom About the Collapse of the Soviet Union |
| | Because the United States was slow to respond and offered so little in return for major Soviet concessions, Shevardnadze faced severe criticism at home and eventually resigned his post as foreign minister. | | | But Penn State Press has published a new book "The Wars of Eduard Shevardnadze" that challenges the conventional wisdom by emphasizing the extraordinary role played by Mikhail Gorbachev and his foreign minister, Eduard Shevardnadze. | | | Ironically, his greatest success, establishing close working relations with Washington and ending the Cold War, would become one of the main reasons for his downfall. |
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http://www.psu.edu/ur/NEWS/news/Shevardnadze.html
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| | The Fall Of The Soviet Union: Whys And Wherefores |
| | Until 1991 no totalitarian state had collapsed of its own volition without being defeated militarily. | | | This lapse in judgment amounted to an exercise in deceptive labeling. | | | This "Sovietism" (his word) remained essentially intact from October 1917 right up to the 1991 collapse. |
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http://www.raleightavern.org/lovell.htm
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| | Countrybookshop.co.uk - Collapse of the Soviet Union, 1985-1991, The |
| | DOMESTIC POLITICS, 1989-MID-AUGUST 1991 The Congress of People's Deputies and New Presidency The 28th Party Congress and Aftermath The Referendum of 17 March 1991 Toward a New Union Treaty 5. | | | THE NATIONAL QUESTION The Submerged Dilemma Nagorno-Katabakh The Baltic States Georgia, Ukraine, and Belarus The Plenum on National Policy, September 1989 4. | | | THE PUTSCH AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE USSR The Putsch, 18-21 August 1991 Administrative Changes The Failure of the Union Treaty Yeltsin Consolidates His Power The Belavezha Agreement PART THREE: ASSESSMENT6. |
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http://www.countrybookshop.co.uk/books?whatfor=0582505992
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| | BIGpedia - Post-Soviet states - Encyclopedia and Dictionary Online |
| | In 1994, inflation reached 400% in Ukraine, and 1258% in Kazakhstan, but was comparitively lower in the Baltic states (reaching only 45.1% in Lithuania.) 1995 was the absolute nadir of the economic plague in the Former Soviet Republics. | | | The Baltic states were historically independent (or ruled by Germany, Sweden or Poland) for significant periods in their history. | | | It was initiated by the president of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko. |
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http://www.bigpedia.com/encyclopedia/Post-Soviet_states
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| | Pravda.RU:Kravchuk: Soviet Union's Collapse Was Pre-determined By History |
| | I and my counterparts from Russia and Belorussia had no doubts that the Union Treaty was to be denounced," said Kravchuk. | | | The Union's prestige was also marred by developments in Georgia, Abkhazia, the Trans-Dniester Republic (formerly part of Moldova), and South and North Ossetia. | | | "Our task was to carry this out in a civilized manner, in accordance with the Soviet Constitution, which laid down that every Union republic had the right to self-determination, up to withdrawal from the Union," said Kravchuk. |
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http://english.pravda.ru/society/2001/12/07/23199_.html
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| | Frank review |
| | Stalin took naval strategy into his own hands but never divulged any strategic precepts or plans to his naval leaders, who in fear of Stalin& wrath dutifully adapted themselves to the imposed scheme, several falling to the purges anyway. | | | Eminent researchers Jürgen Rohwer and Mikhail S. Monakov have contributed much to this understanding with their study of Soviet naval shipbuilding and strategy when Josef Stalin controlled the development of the Soviet Navy, from 1935 until his death in 1953. | | | This study complements but does not replace Monakov’s series of articles on Soviet naval doctrine and Stalin& fleet in Morskoi sbornik, 1992–98, or Robert W. Herrick’s Soviet Naval Theory and Policy: Gorshkov’s Inheritance (1989). |
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http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press/Review/2003/Summer/br8-su3.htm
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| | 7.4 Aliyev Speech - Anticipating the collapse of Soviet Union 2/10/91 |
| | For several years, the Soviet nations have been in a state of political and economic crisis. | | | Ten months later on December 5, 1991, the Soviet Union was declared officially nonexistent when the presidents of the Soviet Republics of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus met at the Belarus President's dacha (Belovejskaya Pusha) and declared the breakup of the Soviet Union. | | | I want to express my personal opinion about the situation in the Soviet Union and in Azerbaijan, and to set forth my proposals to the Supreme Assembly of Azerbaijan. |
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http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/74_folder/74.articles/74_aliyev_collapse.html
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| | Great Soviet Encyclopedia |
| | himself persecuted for his rejection of Soviet dogmatism. | | | days, it's the breakaway states of the former Soviet Union that... | | | The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Russian: &;, Bolshaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya) is the largest and most comprehensive encyclopedia in Russian. |
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http://www.wikiverse.org/great-soviet-encyclopedia
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| | The Collapse of the Soviet Union and Ronald Reagan |
| | This raised American defense spending to 7 percent of GDP, dramatically increasing the federal deficit. | | | Ronald Reagan was at the helm when the USSR collapsed. | | | Yet he proved to be the proverbial right man in the right place at the right time. |
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http://www.stanford.edu/group/wais/History/history_ussrandreagan.htm
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| | Collapse Soviet Union Fall of Russia Collapse of USSR Questia.com Online Library |
| | Soviet Union Economic policy...transmission of this publication...accordance with the provisions...3. | | | ...confidently predicting the survival of the Soviet Union. | | | ...crisis gripped the Soviet Union during the last three years of its existence...conclusion that the collapse of the Soviet...side. |
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http://www.questia.com/library/history/european-history/russia/soviet-union/collapse-soviet-union.jsp
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| | 10.4. Collapse of the Soviet Union Irreversible Losses Since Independence by Svetlana Krasnova |
| | To be honest, I'm beginning to appreciate the well-being we had during the Soviet era living in that united, powerful, great state that we all used to curse. | | | The decision to dissolve the Soviet Union has caused me much suffering. | | | But if we had only been able to see the future, we probably would have been aghast. |
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http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai104_folder/104_articles/104_losses.html
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| | WHY DID THE SOVIET UNION COLLAPSE |
| | The post-war encirclement of the former socialist bloc by imperialism, exemplified by the Cold War, meant that the USSR was forced to sustain a massive arms expenditure. | | | This ideology became explicit during the Khruschev period in the Soviet Union but it was always an underlying trend. | | | (Blum, 1986) The consolidation of the Soviet Union always suggested that imperialism would have had to be subject to a decisive military defeat. |
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http://reality.gn.apc.org/polemic/whydid.htm
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| | 10/29/02 - My Time with Soviet Economics |
| | These estimates were given to Congress even though two months earlier Mikhail Gorbachev had told the Central Committee of the Communist Party that, except for vodka sales and the higher prices paid for Soviet oil, the Soviet economy had not grown for twenty years (“Communiqué” 1988, 1; see also Bergson 1988 and Franklin 1988). | | | In 1962, G. Warren Nutter tried to bring some reality into the estimation of Soviet economic performance with his book The Growth of Industrial Production in the Soviet Union, published by Princeton University Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research. | | | This activity led me to the conclusion that the Soviet economy, like a market, was organized polycentrically and not hierarchically as a planning system. |
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http://www.vdare.com/roberts/soviet_economy.htm
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| | The Collapse of the Soviet Military |
| | But it needed a large military to capture new territory, control it, and defend it. | | | This runs counter to the two prevailing schools of thought on this issue: Soviet senior leadership, if not the military leadership, accepted US conceptions of strategic stability and deterrence theory, or it never seriously entertained them. | | | He realizes that a study of any country’s military must include the political and economic context and concludes that this is particularly important in the case of Russia and the Soviet Union. |
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http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj00/win00/odom.htm
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| | 9.4 Editorial - Evolution of Consciousness - Ten Years After the Collapse of the Soviet Union, by Betty Blair |
| | During this past decade, Azerbaijanis have moved rather quickly beyond their territorial borders to establish international ties, starting with the very intense itinerary that Heydar Aliyev pursued, especially during the early years of his Presidency, to visit foreign Heads of State, build relations and sign contractual agreements in economic, political and cultural spheres. | | | Azerbaijan celebrating Ten Years since the Collapse of the Soviet Union in November 2001 in front of the Government Building. | | | Azerbaijanis simply lost faith in the system, concluding that the "Brotherhood of Nations" the USSR had claimed for the 15 Soviet republics had grossly abused their rights as citizens. |
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http://www.azeri.org/Azeri/az_latin/latin_articles/latin_text/latin_94/eng_94/94_editorial.html
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| | The Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union |
| | Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics) | | | Suny points out that nationalism and nationality are not artificial by blending his moderately constructivst view on nationalism with the suggestion that nationalities might be rooted in "ethnies" (Anthony D. Smith's term). | | | Suny also contributes war with the strengthening of the nation. |
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http://www.buy24.us/books/isbn0804722471.html
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| | Collapse of the Soviet Union |
| | During the Cold War the world had two menaces; United States and the Soviet Union. | | | Upon the collapse of the Soviet Union, the world was left with a single menace which extended its military might and political influence in support of those who would bend down to its will, while undermining anyone who did not see eye to eye with its global ambitions. | | | At the same time a huge power vacuum was created in countries that once allied themselves with the Soviet Union, this power vacuum led to civil wars and regional instability. |
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http://www.guerrillanews.com/blogs/1419/Collapse_of_the_Soviet_Union
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| | Socialism Betrayed: Behind the Collapse of the Soviet Union |
| | Readers and teachers [this book is useful for High School seniors, Undergraduate and graduate students as well as post-doctoral students around the world]won't be able to put this book down. | | | Clearly, the foundations of socialism in the USSR were not as strong as many observers had believed. | | | Instead it was triggered by the specific reform policies of Gorbachev and his allies." In any event, the discussion of why the SU collapsed has not been put to rest by this book. |
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http://thegreatlands.com/store/071780738X.php
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| | Collapse of Soviet Union to be focus of Stanford-UC conference |
| | The event, open to the public without charge, is co-sponsored by Stanford's Center for Russian and East European Studies and the Center for Slavic and East European Studies at the University of California- Berkeley. | | | Collapse of Soviet Union to be focus of Stanford-UC conference | | | This release is not available in any other form. |
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http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/92/920327Arc2344.html
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| | Collapse of USSR: 10 years on |
| | It’s been years since we’ve been able to see our own daughter, who lives in a neighbouring former republic. | | | The collapse of the Soviet Union has not only led to the creation of a new world order, but transformed the lives of all those who once lived there. | | | I had less money then, but I slept well, not worrying about how I would provide for myself in my old age. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/europe/2001/collapse_of_ussr/maps/default.stm
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| | Amazon.ca: Books: The Collapse of the Soviet Union, 1985-1991 |
| | This new title examines the Gorbachev years, asks why the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, and offers a succinct and accessible interpretation of the remarkable events that led to the collapse. | | | During the period of 'perestroika' the Soviet Union took the first steps to becoming a civil society and started to re-examine it's Stalinist past. |
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http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/0582505992
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| | Soviet Union Collapse Free Essay |
| | First Mikali Gorbachev intiated many changes in his attempts to establish reforms in the Soviet Union. | | | He transferred power from the Communist party to the popular elected legislature, but the one of the main reasons it collapsed came from internal pressure. | | | One reason is ethnic and nationalist conflicts inside the Soviet Union caused unrest and led to declarations of independence from the republics. |
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http://www.findfreepapers.com/viewpaper.php?request=5776
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| | Economic Collapse of Soviet Union |
| | In the end, however, the Soviet Union had devoted its economy to the arms race with the West, and it was a losing cause. | | | Some idea of the psychological effect can be obtained from accounts of what the soldiers went through during the ten years of the war (see US military analysis). | | | This was exacerbated by the propaganda warfare carried out by the West in Radio Free Europe and by dissidents in self-published Samizdat. |
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http://www.culture-of-peace.info/soviet-collapse/introduction.html
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| | CAP - Publikationen - Regional Security in the Wake of the Collapse of the Soviet Union |
| | The Balkans, Moldova, Ukraine and Russia were chosen as case studies reflecting such risks and opportunities for the European Union in the wake of Eastern enlargement. | | | The main thrust of the papers dealing with the Middle East is the dramatic impact of the end of the cold war on the perspectives of a peaceful settlement of the conflict between Israel and the Arab countries. | | | In this context, the reassessment of relations between the European Union and the countries of the former Soviet Union on the one hand and Russia's new role in the Middle East on the other hand is indispensable. |
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http://www.cap.uni-muenchen.de/publikationen/mb/mb08.htm
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| | The Collapse of the Soviet Union |
| | The West Since World War II The Collapse of the Soviet Union |
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http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_craig_herwrldciv_6/0,6520,368991-,00.html
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| | Collapse of the Soviet Union |
| | Collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR) and the End of the Cold War 1989-1991 | | | - Soviets do not intervene and stop the fall of communism in these countries | | | - Former Soviet satellite countries are free from Soviet control |
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http://www.geocities.com/tkgiffin/unit8fallnotes.html
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| | Russia Travel Forums - View topic - Great novel on collapse of Soviet Union |
| | It explores a lot of the issues in the former soviet union after independence. | | | If you're taking a long trip in Russia, or even a short one, you should check out a new novel that's out this summer called THIS IS NOT CIVILIZATION, by Robert Rosenberg. | | | It's very funny, but also thoughtful, and a quick read too. |
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http://www.waytorussia.net/TalkLounge/quote-2693.html
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| | Smith (1994) The collapse of the Soviet Union |
| | To view the the latter's ratings, click on Chapters/Papers/Articles in the STATISTICS box, select a publication from the list that appears, and then click on either Quality or Interest in that publication's STATISTICS box. | | | Smith (1994) The collapse of the Soviet Union |
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http://www.getcited.org/?PUB=103085277&showStat=Ratings
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| | Final Days: The Inside Story of the Collapse of the Soviet Union |
| | Order Final Days: The Inside Story of the Collapse of the Soviet Union online from | | | Special Recommendation: Fiat Money Inflation in France: How It Came, What It Brought, and How It Ended | | | Final Days: The Inside Story of the Collapse of the Soviet Union |
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http://www.libertyhaven.com/politicalbooks/politicalbooks26/0813322065AMUS463352.shtml
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| | Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations |
| | Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link. | | | Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #5265940 - Nuclear proliferation: Will the Soviet Union`s collapse spawn a new arms race | | | For a journal article, please see the Resource Relation field. |
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http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=5265940
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