|
| |
| | Leonid Brezhnev, 1906-1982 |
 | | During World War II Brezhnev served as a political commissar in the Red Army, advancing in rank until he became a major general (1943) and head of the political commissars on the Ukrainian front. | | | As head of the party Brezhnev left many affairs of state -- e.g., diplomatic relations with noncommunist states and internal economic development -- to his colleagues Kosygin and Nikolay V. Podgorny, chairman of the Presidium. | | | After graduating (1935), he worked as an engineer and director of a technical school and also held a variety of local party posts; his career flourished under Stalin's regime, and by 1939 he had become secretary of the regional party committee of Dnipropetrovsk. |
|
http://www.historyguide.org/europe/brezhnev.html
(862 words)
|
|
| |
| | Doctrine - doctrin (truman doctrine, monroe doctrine, doctrine eisenhower, brezhnev doctrine, bush doctrine, catholic ... |
| | Doctrine - doctrin (truman doctrine, monroe doctrine, doctrine eisenhower, brezhnev doctrine, bush doctrine, catholic doctrine, doctrin) |
|
http://www.meta-spell.com/d/doctrin.html
(16 words)
|
|
| |
| | Russia the Brezhnev doctrine, Brezhnev biography, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, Lenoid Brezhnev, Kravchuk or Brezhnev, ... |
| | Russia the Brezhnev doctrine, Brezhnev biography, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, Lenoid Brezhnev, Kravchuk or Brezhnev, Leonard Brezhnev on RussiansAbroad.com | | | After several more personnel changes, Brezhnev assumed the chairmanship of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in 1977, confirming his primacy in both party and state. | | | For instance, in December 1965 he succeeded in elevating Podgornyy to the ceremonial position of chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the highest legislative organization in the government, thus eliminating him as a rival. |
|
http://www.russiansabroad.com/russian_history_283.html
(613 words)
|
|
| |
| | Articles - Leonid Brezhnev |
| | In 1959 Brezhnev became Second Secretary of the Central Committee and in May 1960 was promoted to the post of President of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, making him nominal head of state. | | | Brezhnev became Party First Secretary, Aleksei Kosygin became Prime Minister and Mikoyan became head of state. | | | Although Brezhnev was not made a Politburo member, he was instead appointed head of the Political Directorate of the Army and the Navy, with rank of Lieutenant-General, a very senior position. |
|
http://www.gaple.com/articles/Leonid_Brezhnev?mySession=db6374430a61f8df679e30c3a4ade3f0
(2491 words)
|
|
| |
| | Communist Purification in Czechoslovakia. |
| | After Brezhnev's succession in Czechoslovakia, in September 1968 he procalimed a policy that is named today as the "Brezhnev Doctrine". | | | This Doctrine, as many say, became the basis of his foreign policy.(Halsall) The Brezhnev Doctrine also clearly stated that the Communist party was no | | | However, Brezhnev did not consider this fact and as a 65/1365/101365/image003.jpg" align="left" hspace="12">result he acted with force. |
|
http://www.coursework.info/i/29781.html
(550 words)
|
|
| |
| | Leonid Brezhnev |
| | In 1952, Brezhnev became a member of the party's Central Committee and after Joseph Stalin's death, became one of the inner circle of the party loyal to Nikita Khrushchev, Stalin's successor. | | | In 1964, Khrushchev was relieved of his top positions by the Central Committee, and Brezhnev was chosen as the party's first secretary of the Council of Ministers. | | | In 1957 he became a full member of the Presidium and in 1960 was appointed chairperson of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. |
|
http://www.fortunecity.com/boozers/ferret/451/profiles/brezhnev.htm
(443 words)
|
|
| |
| | Doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Examples include the Monroe Doctrine, the Stimson Doctrine, the Truman Doctrine, the Eisenhower Doctrine, the Brezhnev Doctrine, and the less catchy Bush administration doctrine of military preemption, and the Kirkpatrick doctrine. | | | In the US it has become something of a tradition for each President to have his own doctrine. | | | See also the Roman Catholic Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrine
(349 words)
|
|
| |
| | MSN Encarta - Brezhnev |
| | In 1977 Brezhnev replaced Podgorny as chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and thus became head of state as well as head of the Communist Party. | | | From 1960 to July 1964 he served as chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the largely ceremonial position of head of state. | | | Brezhnev was elected as a full member of the Presidium in 1957. |
|
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761551585/Brezhnev_LeonidIlich.html
(1083 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Jamestown Foundation |
| | The doctrine postulated that Moscow had a right--and indeed an obligation--to intervene militarily in support of a satellite government which both was threatened from within and had "requested assistance." The doctrine invoked bilateral and, preferably, multilateral treaties of alliance as a "legal" basis for such intervention. | | | the USSR's last leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, and his foreign minister, Eduard Shevardnadze, ultimately repudiated the "Brezhnev doctrine" in favor of "new thinking." By abjuring intervention in a sphere of influence held together by force, they ipso facto allowed it to unravel. | | | A decision to take such measures is being considered in the framework of the 1992 [CIS] collective security treaty and other multilateral and bilateral treaties." (Russian agencies, November 5). |
|
http://www.jamestown.org/email-to-friend.php?article_id=3491
(2475 words)
|
|
| |
| | Brezhnev Doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Brezhnev Doctrine was a Soviet policy doctrine, introduced by Leonid Brezhnev in a speech at the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers' Party on November 13, 1968, which stated: | | | This meant in practice that no country was allowed to leave the Warsaw Pact or to disturb that nation's communist party's monopoly on power. | | | The Brezhnev Doctrine was superseded by the facetiously named Sinatra Doctrine in 1988. |
|
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine
(189 words)
|
|
| |
| | SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Brezhnev Doctrine |
| | It is an American version of the Brezhnev Doctrine, but the latter was at least confined to Eastern Europe. | | | "Russia's doctrine differs from the American doctrine," Ivanov said. | | | If that happens, will America accept that the people have spoken v albeit with a possibly anti-American and anti-Israeli voice v or will America invoke its own Brezhnev Doctrine of Limited... |
|
http://history.surfwax.com/files/Brezhnev_Doctrine.html
(641 words)
|
|
| |
| | MSN Encarta - Search Results - Brezhnev Doctrine |
| | Brezhnev Doctrine, term used in the West for the justification Leonid Brezhnev and other Soviet leaders articulated for the August 1968 Soviet-led... | | | MSN Encarta - Search Results - Brezhnev Doctrine | | | Search for books about your topic, "Brezhnev Doctrine" |
|
http://beta.encarta.msn.com/Brezhnev_Doctrine.html
(112 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Clinton Doctrine |
| | During the period of the Warsaw Pact, anti-Sovietism gradually became a general ideology, uniting the profoundly dissimilar Poles, Hungarians, Romanians and Afghans. | | | The destabilisation of the situation in the Balkans gave the United States an opportunity to demonstrate once again the invincible power of the Clinton Doctrine. | | | Now that there is only one superpower in the world, the right to judge and punish sovereign states has been taken over by the president of the United States. |
|
http://www.dsp.org.au/kosova/2_statements-5.htm
(1280 words)
|
|
| |
| | [CTRL] N.W.O. "Brezhnev" Doctrine |
| | Setting out his "Doctrine of International Community" in a speech to the Chicago Economic Club, Blair turned the "Brezhnev doctrine" of the 1960s on its head, arguing that national sovereignty is less important than human rights and preventing genocide. | | | -Caveat Lector- P.M. Tony "Hatchet Man" Blair spouts the N.W.O. "Brezhnev" Doctrine. | | | Read the translation of Blair's Orwellian N.W.O. Speak before you read the article: "We reserve the right to attack smaller, non nuclear armed countries who do not obey our orders dealing with the N.W.O. Economy. |
|
http://www.mail-archive.com/ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg11408.html
(377 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | The Brezhnev Doctrine, November, 1968, excerpts[At this Site]) |
|
http://school.pressian.com/dictionary/literature_his_91.htm
(671 words)
|
|
| |
| | Prague Spring - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This doctrine remained in force until it was replaced by the "Sinatra Doctrine" under Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s. | | | The policy of the USSR to enforce Soviet-style governments among its satellite states, through military force if needed, became known as the Brezhnev Doctrine, named after Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, who was first to publicly declare it, although it was in use since Stalin's times. | | | However, a sizable minority in the ruling party - especially at higher leadership levels - were opposed to any lessening of the party's grip on society and they actively plotted with the leadership of the Soviet Union to overthrow the reformers. |
|
http://www.kernersville.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Prague_Spring
(636 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | Read background history concerning the SALT II treaty as well as the text of the document, signed by President Carter and General Secretary Brezhnev in Vienna June 18, 1979. | | | The History Guide is privately maintained by a former college professor. | | | The speech has come to be known as the Brezhnev Doctrine. |
|
http://www.pearsoncustom.com/allpages/brezhnevleonid_bot.html
(257 words)
|
|
| |
| | Reagan Doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Critics of the doctrine argued that it would lead to so-called blowback, inflaming Third World hostilities to the United States. | | | The Reagan Doctrine was created in response to the Brezhnev Doctrine of the Soviet Union. | | | But conservative advocates of the doctrine argued that it served the foreign policy and strategic objectives of the United States and was a Cold War moral imperative against the former Soviet Union, which Reagan and many of his supporters labeled an "evil empire." |
|
http://www.sterlingheights.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Reagan_Doctrine
(332 words)
|
|
| |
| | CNN Cold War - Profile: Leonid Brezhnev |
| | Named chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in 1960, he resigned in 1964 to become Khrushchev's direct assistant as second secretary of the Central Committee. | | | Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, leader of one of the two most powerful nations in the world, was born to Russian parents in the Ukrainian mining town of Kamensk in 1906. | | | After Stalin's death, Brezhnev correctly tied his fortunes to Nikita Khrushchev, helping the new Soviet premier pursue his "Virgin Lands" agricultural campaign in Kazakstan (where Brezhnev was serving as first secretary of the Communist Party), and in supporting Khrushchev during an aborted attempt to remove him from power. |
|
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/brezhnev
(577 words)
|
|
| |
| | Addicted to War: An Insider Examines the Seductive Myths of Militarism |
| | This is an American version of the Brezhnev Doctrine, wherein Moscow asserted the right to intervene to save Communism in any nation where it had once been imposed. | | | Only we Americans now assert the right to intervene anywhere to impose democracy.” | | | This overthrows the wisdom of the Founding Fathers about what America should be all about. |
|
http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0624-26.htm
(1670 words)
|
|
| |
| | Carlos Fuentes Quotations |
| | If the Soviet Union can give up the Brezhnev Doctrine for the Sinatra Doctrine, the United States can give up the James Monroe Doctrine for the Marilyn Monroe Doctrine: Let’s all go to bed wearing the perfume we like best. | | | What the United States does best is to understand itself. |
|
http://www.memorablequotations.com/fuentes.htm
(85 words)
|
|
| |
| | Red Spring Resource 5: Transcript of Brezhnev's Telephone Conversation with Dubcek |
| | Brezhnev, I still have a Party Congress ahead and I am completely unprepared for this Congress. | | | Brezhnev, I once again ask you not to insist that I carry out this decision, considering that the situation has changed. | | | That's not to imply it all had to be done in two to three days, but if we say "before the Congress," then it's clear that everything should be resolved, say, in August. |
|
http://learning.turner.com/cnn/coldwar/redspring/rspg_re5.html
(6229 words)
|
|
| |
| | RUS2103/HIS2351 From Gorbachev to Putin: The Second Russian Revolution |
| | The replacement doctrine for the Brezhnev doctrine, as described by Gorbachev's foreign minister Edward Shevardnadze. | | | Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, the right-wing party created by Vladimir Zhirinovsky in post-Communist Russia | | | The term used to describe the Brezhnev era, when the USSR did not seem to evolve politically, socially, or economically. |
|
http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~jdclayt/rus2103_glossary.htm
(626 words)
|
|
| |
| | Leonid Ilich Brezhnev |
| | For four years (1960-64) he served as the titular head of the USSR. | | | After helping to oust Khrushchev in 1964, Brezhnev became first secretary (later general secretary) of the Communist party. | | | Brezhnev first ruled the country in tandem with Prime Minister Aleksei KOSYGIN and later as the first among the "collective leadership" of the party. |
|
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/7477/brezhnev.htm
(325 words)
|
|
| |
| | RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: B :: Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich |
| | After suffering a slight political setback following Stalin's death (1953), Brezhnev filled a number of party posts. | | | Following Nikita Khrushchev's fall from power in 1964, which Brezhnev helped to engineer, he was named first secretary (later general secretary) of the Communist party. | | | In 1957, as protege of Nikita Khrushchev, he became a member of the presidium of the Party's Central Committee. |
|
http://www.rusnet.nl/encyclo/b/brezhnev.shtml
(306 words)
|
|
| |
| | CDI Russia Weekly #249 |
| | Now a new Bush-Brezhnev doctrine of limited sovereignty may become the basis of international law. | | | After the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, the Brezhnev doctrine of limited sovereignty was formulated proclaiming the right of the Soviet Union to invade satellite states in order to support pro-Moscow "socialist" regimes. | | | The United States now claims a sovereign right to invade any other country to change a nasty regime, if the president and Congress agree to it. |
|
http://www.cdi.org/russia/249-8-pr.cfm
(740 words)
|
|
| |
| | CNN Cold War - Historical Documents: Speech by Leonid Brezhnev |
| | Discharging their internationalist duty toward the fraternal peoples of Czechoslovakia and defending their own socialist gains, the U.S.S.R. and the other socialist states had to act decisively and they did act against the antisocialist forces in Czechoslovakia. | | | It was known in the West as the "Brezhnev Doctrine" and would remain influential until 1989, when Mikhail Gorbachev denounced the policy. | | | CNN Cold War - Historical Documents: Speech by Leonid Brezhnev |
|
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/14/documents/doctrine
(834 words)
|
|
| |
| | Leonid Brezhnev Former President of the USSR Soviet Communist Party Leader Questia.com Online Library |
| | Unlike his volatile predecessor, Leonid Ilich Brezhnev brought relative stability and cautious leadership...experiences and by his close association with... | | | Customize your search: Leonid Brezhnev [refine search][refine search][refine search] | | | ...leaders of the Soviet Union, Leonid Brezhnev and his associates, are the...one wants to characterize Leonid I. Brezhnev and Aleksei N. Kosygin, the...22 Leonid I. Brezhnev:... |
|
http://questia.com/library/history/.../soviet-union/leonid-brezhnev.jsp
(436 words)
|
|
| |
| | EefyWiki - Brezhnev Doctrine |
| | In a speech at the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers' Party on November 13, 1968, Soviet leader Leonid I. Brezhnev stated: | | | In other words, the Brezhnev Doctrine forbade countries to leave the Warsaw Pact. | | | In 1988, the Brezhnev Doctrine was superseded by the Fleetwood Mac Doctrine. |
|
http://eefy.editme.com/BrezhnevDoctrine
(107 words)
|
|
| |
| | Conservative News/RSS Feeds » W. vs. the Brezhnev Doctrine |
| | Conservative News/RSS Feeds » W. vs. the Brezhnev Doctrine | | | You can access the site by going to http://www.conservativenewsfeeds.com or you can use an RSS newsreader to read them on your own computer by linking to our RSS feed at http://www.conservativenewsfeeds.com/wordpress/wp-rss2.php. |
|
http://www.conservativenewsfeeds.com/?p=13
(119 words)
|
|
| |
| | Prague Spring |
| | Brezhnev Doctrine (Pravda, 25 September 1968), justified the intervention. | | | For the principles involved in Czechoslovakia in 1968, see: Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982). | | | Two important documents are the Czech "Request" for Soviet Intervention in August 1968 and the Brezhnev Doctrine (Pravda, 25 September 1968), justifying the intervention. |
|
http://novaonline.nv.cc.va.us/eli/evans/his135/Events/Czech68.htm
(526 words)
|
|
| |
| | ITAR-TASS: DUMA COMMITTEE DISCUSSES BREZHNEV DOCTRINE.@ HighBeam Research |
| | The committee met in an extended format to discuss "The doctrine of | | | "period of stagnation" associated with the name of Leonid Brezhnev was | | | The discussion was timed to coincide with the 90th birthday of the man |
|
http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:6202816&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf
(171 words)
|
|
| |
| | JustinLogan.com: The Bushnev Doctrine |
| | During this week's lesson, I was told to go back and re-read the Brezhnev Doctrine and compare it to Bush's inaugural. | | | Discharging their internationalist duty toward the fraternal peoples of Iraq and defending their own democratic aspirations, the U.S. and the other Coalition states had to act decisively and they did act against the antidemocratic regime in Iraq. | | | Below the fold, I present the Bushnev Doctrine: |
|
http://www.justinlogan.com/justinlogancom/2005/01/pthe_delbrezhne.html
(1040 words)
|
|
| |
| | NCSJ - U.S. Iraq Stance Compared To Brezhnev Doctrine |
| | This was, it is pointed out here, an early version of Washington's current doctrine of pre-emptive war and regime change, and thus the talk in Moscow about "Bush's Brezhnev Doctrine." | | | The Brezhnev Doctrine, as it was called from the Soviet invasion of Prague in 1968 until the rise of Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985, asserted that countries in the Soviet orbit--primarily in Eastern Europe--had only "limited sovereignty," and therefore that Moscow alone had the right to decide the nature of those countries' political regimes. | | | NCSJ - U.S. Iraq Stance Compared To Brezhnev Doctrine |
|
http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/041403Nation.shtml
(901 words)
|
|
| |
| | OUP Companion web site: Chapter 05 |
| | The outline of the Brezhnev Doctrine, articulated in 1968, which meant no country was allowed to leave the Warsaw pact, and justifying the invasions of Czechoslovakia. | | | An essay by David Wolff on the difficulty of setting a date to the end of the Cold War. | | | A comprehensive account of the end of the Cold War, especially as it related to the collapse of the USSR. |
|
http://www.oup.com/uk/booksites/content/0199271186/student/weblinks/ch05
(126 words)
|
|
| |
| | Mikhail Gorbachev visited West Germany and informed Chancellor Helmut Kohl that the Brezhnev Doctrine, which had long ... |
| | Mikhail Gorbachev visited West Germany and informed Chancellor Helmut Kohl that the Brezhnev Doctrine, which had long stated t | | | Mikhail Gorbachev visited West Germany and informed Chancellor Helmut Kohl that the Brezhnev Doctrine, which had long stated the Soviet Unions determination to use force if necessary to prevent destabilizing political change in its satellite states, was no longer in effect. | | | The trickle that first began at the Bornholmer Strasse crossing point quickly became a flood along the entire length of the wall, as Germans from both sides met freely for the first time in 27 years. |
|
http://www.coe.uga.edu/~gclinton/2000series/edit/newspaperarticle2.html
(256 words)
|
|
| |
| | IT'S A BIRD, IT’S A PLANE, IT'S JUS COGENS |
| | What good is a supernorm if a head of state can retract it at will? | | | Assume that Professor Tunkin is correct that the Brezhnev Doctrine is a supernorm, and assume that President Gorbachev decided to repeal it. | | | So, if Professor Janis were to include the Brezhnev Doctrine in his list of supernorms (a purely hypothetical case, of course, designed only to test his logic), he would have to disagree with Professor Tunkin and instead insist that the Soviet Union must continue to intervene militarily in the affairs of other states. |
|
http://anthonydamato.law.northwestern.edu/Papers-1/A914.html
(1755 words)
|
|
| |
| | Leonid Brezhnev |
| | Leonid I. Brezhnev : His Life and Work. | | | New York : Leonid I. Brezhnev : Pages from His Life. | | | After the ouster of Khrushchev, Brezhnev became the leader of the Soviet Union. |
|
http://www.multied.com/bio/people/brezhnev.html
(116 words)
|
|
| |
| | Brezhnev - yourDictionary.com - American Heritage Dictionary |
| | He served as the chairman of the Presidium (now the Politburo) and secretary of the Communist Party before becoming president of the USSR in 1977. | | | In 1968 he enunciated the Brezhnev Doctrine, which asserts that the USSR may intervene in any Warsaw Pact country in which the Communist government is threatened. | | | Soviet adherence to this doctrine was evidenced by the invasions of Czechoslovakia (1968) and Afghanistan (1977). |
|
http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/b/b0476600.html
(78 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | The Brezhnev Doctrine was formulated when the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia in the spring 1968. | | | What matters more than the letter of the law is the prevailing interpretation, backed by the most forceful states or the public opinion of the majority of the international community, at any given time. | | | The two doctrines also had a lot in common. |
|
http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/gradutmp/vara2/g816.htm
(586 words)
|
|
| |
| | Brezhnev Doctrine |
| | the doctrine expounded by Leonid Brezhnev in November 1968 affirming the right of the Soviet Union to intervene in the affairs of Communist countries to strengthen Communism. |
|
http://www.factmonster.com/ipd/A0352165.html
(52 words)
|
|
| |
| | Robert A |
| | In general, Jones has demonstrated his main thesis that the idea of limited sovereignty, the heart and soul of the Brezhnev Doctrine proclaimed in 1968, had a long pedigree. | | | The Soviet Concept of 'Limited Sovereignty' from Lenin to Gorbachev: The Brezhnev Doctrine. | | | Unfortunately, Jones has not taken his work much beyond July 1988, although there is a reference to events in March 1989; in other words, his book has the misfortune to have been written a bit too soon. |
|
http://users.ju.edu/jclarke/wizzm.html
(626 words)
|
|
|
