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| | Research Advisory Service - Doe/Moffitt Libraries |
 | | Role of Algerian Women in the War for Independence | | | State Building in Haiti, Independence in early 1810s | | | Buddhism and the Vietnamese after the Vietnam War |
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http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/doemoff/ras_spr04.html
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| | Algerian War of Independence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Algerian War of Independence (1954–62) was a period of guerrilla strikes, maquis fighting, terrorism against civilians on both sides, and riots between the French army and colonists, or the "colons" as they were called, in Algeria and the FLN (Front de Libération Nationale) and other pro-independence Algerians. | | | The war uprooted more than 2 million Algerians, who were forced to relocate in French camps or to flee to Morocco, Tunisia, and into the Algerian hinterland, where many thousands died of starvation, disease, and exposure. | | | About 100,000 pieds-noirs chose to remain, but most of those gradually left over the 1960s and 1970s. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_War
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| | Now They are Seven: Algerias Candidates, Part Two, The Estimate, March 26, 1999 |
| | The Algerian war of independence against France from 1954-1962 remains central in Algerias national self-image today; Cheikh Mahfoudh Nahnahs participation or lack thereof was the issue which led to his disqualification. | | | But subsequent amendments to the constitution tightened a pre-existing requirement that any candidate for the Presidency who was born before the year 1942 must provide proof from his community that he participated in the independence struggle against France. | | | of this Dossier, on March 11 the Algerian Constitutional Court reduced the number of candidates In the April 15 Presidential election from 12 to seven. |
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http://www.theestimate.com/public/032699.html
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| | BBC News EUROPE Algerian 'war victim' compensated |
| | A court in France has awarded compensation to an Algerian man conceived when his mother was raped by French soldiers during the Algerian war of independence. | | | "I've been recognised as the first war victim of the Algerian war," he said as he left the court in the French capital. | | | On Thursday the court recognised that Mr Garne's mother had been repeatedly beaten during her detention and awarded him a three year partial invalidity pension for his claims of serious psychological suffering as a result of his mother's mistreatment. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1671064.stm
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| | Algeria: Liberation movements (1944-1954) |
| | He resigned in 1961 and was elected President of the Algerian Constituant Assembly after the independence, promoting the respect of the parliamentary system. | | | In September 1958, Abbas was appointed President of the Provisory Government of the Algerian Republic by FLN. | | | This was a great political success for FLN and a great failure for France, who lost most of its traditional Algerian supporters. |
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http://www.fotw.net/flags/dz_lib.html
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| | Algeria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This is due to two reasons: Morocco's claim to portions of eastern Algeria around Touat (which led to a brief war in 1963), and Algeria's support for the Polisario, a clandestine armed group seeking independence for the Moroccan-ruled Western Sahara, which it hosts within its borders in the city of Tindouf. | | | The Algerian parliament is bicameral, consisting of a lower chamber, the National People's Assembly (APN), with 380 members and an upper chamber, the Council of Nation, with 144 members. | | | About 90% of the Algerians live in the northern, coastal area, although there are about 1.5 million people living in the southern desert most of them in oases. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria
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| | Will Bush or Kerry Learn a Lesson from Charles de Gaulle? |
| | The Algerian War of Independence (1954-62) was a guerrilla war, which involved a synarchist faction of the French Army representing the fascist and colonial supporters of French Algeria (Algérie française) on the one side, and the maquis guerrilla fighters represented by the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) on the other. | | | De Gaulle's initiative was so powerful that it pushed the FLN to establish a Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic, the GPRA, which became the Algerian government-in-exile located in Tunis, headed by a moderate leader of the FLN, Ferhat Abbas. | | | Pierre Beaudry examines the right-wing synarchist force which was responsible for the Algerian war—launched at virtually the same time as the French defeat in Vietnam at Dien Bien Phu—and the threat to France's national existence. |
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http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2004/3124iraq_algeria.html
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| | ICL - Algeria Constitution |
| | The National Front of Liberation crowned the sacrifices of the best sons of Algeria during the People's war of liberation with independence and built a modern and full sovereign State. | | | Gathered in the national movement and later within the National Front of Liberation, the Algerian people have made great sacrifices in order to assume their collective destiny in the framework of recovered freedom and cultural identity and to build authentic people's democratic constitutional institutions. | | | The High Security Council heard, the President of the People's National Assembly and the President of the Council of Nation referred to, the President of the Republic decrees the general mobilization during the meeting of the Cabinet. |
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http://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/ag00000_.html
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| | Algerian War of Independence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Algerian War of Independence ( 1954 – | | | Algerian sources later put the figure at approximately 1.5 million dead, while French officials estimated it at 350,000. | | | National Council of the Algerian Revolution ( Conseil National de la Rvolution Algrienne, CNRA), within which the five-man Committee of Coordination and Enforcement ( Comit de Coordination et d'Excution, CCE) formed the executive. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_War
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| | Guardian Unlimited Guardian daily comment Ron Dudai and Daphna Baram: The second battle of Algiers |
| | The 50th anniversary of the beginning of the Algerian liberation war against France falls on Monday. | | | Algerians took the culture of terror deep into independence. | | | But devastated contemporary Algeria, torn between the corruption of the ex-FLN leadership and Islamist fundamentalists, could be said to have its roots in the fight for independence, when Algerians attacked French civilians in restaurants and on buses. |
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,3604,1339763,00.html
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| | Harvey Simmons writes on the French National Front and International Politics |
| | Sharon has demonstrated that he learned little from his study of the Algerian War. | | | Amongst those millions of Algerians who poured into France after Algerian independence in 1962, there were certainly many who had fought against the French and who had participated in terrorist acts. | | | After all, the French government negotiated with the Algerian guerilla leaders from March 1961 to May 1962 while both sides were hard at war. |
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http://www.yorku.ca/hsimmons/article2.htm
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| | THE ARAB REVOLUTION |
| | This sectarianism took on clearly reactionary dimensions in the case of the Maghreb sections of the French Communist parties, which on several occasions condemned the national liberation movements in their region, as, for example, the Algerian Communist Party condemned the armed struggle for independence initiated in 1945. | | | Under the pressure of some of its members who were affiliated to the Fourth International and carried forward the heritage of the Trotskyist group formed in Palestine in the 1930s and disbanded after 1948, “Matzpen” adopted a series of advanced revolutionary positions. | | | Thus, in the course of the last fifteen years, the Arab communist parties have several times underlined in the blood of their martyrs the teachings of revolutionary Marxism on the need to maintain a class attitude of no confidence in all bourgeois regimes, for maintaining the independence of the working class and arming it. |
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http://www.geocities.com/nysaproject/ar.htm
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| | Papon "ordered secret Paris massacre of 1961" |
| | In 1961, during the Algerian war of independence, Papon, then chief of police, imposed a curfew in the capital after the murder of 11 of his officers by nationalists. | | | Joseph Gommenginger, who was on duty, said: "As Algerians got out of the buses at the Porte de Versailles, they were clubbed over the head." He appealed to a senior officer to stop the brutality. | | | When the issue was raised in the National Assembly and the Senate, political pressure was brought to bear to ensure that no official inquiry was held. |
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http://www.fantompowa.net/Flame/algerians_sunday_times.htm
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| | La Bataille d'Alger / The Battle of Algiers / La Battaglia di Algeri / Gillo Pontecorvo / 1965 / film review / Algerian war |
| | This leads to the creation of the FLN, the Algerian National Liberation Front, who decide that terrorist activity is the only way to achieve independence. | | | The Algerian war was a terrible period of history and this film relates just part of that conflict, centred on the town of Algiers, to coldly inform us, not to shock, not to entertain. | | | The situation soon escalates to a bloody war between the French government and the Algerian people... |
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http://frenchfilms.topcities.com/nf_La_bataille_d_Alger_rev.html
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| | Islam Online- News Section |
| | The FLN, which ruled the north African country single-handedly from independence in 1962 until 1991, was assured of victory in several key districts, including the capital, Algiers. | | | Only 2.6 percent of voters turned out in Bejaia, heeding a call to boycott the vote by the leaders of the large Berber minority, which has its homeland in Kabylie, and two pro-Berber opposition parties. | | | ALGIERS, May 31 (IslamOnline and News Agencies) - The National Liberation Front (FLN), Algeria's former sole political party, won Friday, May 31, 199 seats in the 389-seat national assembly in legislative elections. |
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http://www.islam-online.net/english/News/2002-05/31/article18.shtml
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| | village voice > film > by Leslie Camhi |
| | It's been almost 50 years since Saadi Yacef, revolutionary hero of the Algerian war of independence, leapt across the terraces of the casbah in Algiers, fleeing from French forces. | | | "That fight gave meaning to my life," this son of a baker, born in the casbah, said of his role as a guerrilla leader in the FLN (the Algerian National Liberation Front). | | | Liberated after the war's end in 1962, and aided by the new Algerian government, he created the production company Casbah Films, and hired the Italian Gillo Pontecorvo as director. |
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http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0402/camhi2.php
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| | DEMOCIDE IN TOTALITARIAN STATES |
| | For one thing the number of democracies ("free" states) in 1991 numbered 75 out of 171, or about 44 percent of the world's states.[3] Yet we have had no war among them. | | | And whether considering the classical Greek democracies, democratic forest states of Switzerland, or other historical democratic polities, they did not fight each other (depending on how war and democracy is defined, some might prefer to say that they rarely fought each other). | | | The state, with its international legal sovereignty and independence, has been its base. |
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http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/CHARNY.CHAP.HTM
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| | Algeria |
| | Algerian independence movements led to the uprisings of 1954–1955, which developed into full-scale war. | | | To thwart the electoral results, the army cancelled the general election, which plunged the country into a bloody civil war. | | | In April 2004 presidential elections, praised by international monitors for their fairness, incumbent Bouteflika won 85% of the vote. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107272.html
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| | PlanetPapers - A Critical Evaluation of Charles De Gaulle's Handling of the Algerian Insurrection |
| | The first option was total independence, the second was total integration, and the third was association, government of Algerians by Algerians, supported by French aid in close union with France.25 It would be for the Algerians themselves to decide. | | | While de Gaulle sought to engage the Algerian population, he continued the war against the military branch of the FLN, the Army of National Liberation (ALN). | | | OBallance, Edgar, "The Algerian Insurrection 1954-1962", London, 1967. |
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http://www.planetpapers.com/Assets/2809.php
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| | October 31 - encyclopedia article about October 31. |
| | 1954 - Algerian War of Independence : The Algerian National Liberation Front begins a revolt against French rule. | | | 1861 - American Civil War : Citing failing health, Union General Winfield Scott resigns as Commander of the United States Army. | | | 1961 - In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin 's body is removed from Lenin's Tomb. |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/October%2031
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| | The Daily Star - Opinion Articles - Algeria's forgotten 'mudjaheedats' |
| | On Nov. 1, 1954, 50 years ago, the Algerian National Liberation Front coordinated bomb attacks and assaults throughout Algeria; it was the start of the Algerian war of independence. | | | Their contributions and sacrifices were thus swept under the carpet, and for decades the official discourse excluded women from the history of the Algerian independence struggle, mentioning only those women executed by the French colonial powers or the official martyrs such as Hassiba ben Bouali. | | | Then came during the nineties a new period of violence were the human rights of ordinary Algerians, and in particular Algerian women were under siege. |
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http://dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=5&article_id=9776
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| | Glossary of People: Be |
| | After the war he became involved in the independence movement and in 1949 became leader of Organisation Speciale, the paramilitary wing of the Party of the Algerian People. | | | He joined the National Liberation Front shortly after the Algerian revolution began in 1954 and rose through the ranks of the guerrilla forces; by the early 1960s he was on the staff of Colonel (later president) Houari Boumedienne, and he played a decisive role in the latter's overthrow of President Ahmed Ben Bella in 1965. | | | After the Amnesty Law in 1974 he returned back to Turkey and founded Labourer Party of Turkey (TEP). |
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http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/b/e.htm
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| | United Press International - International(p) - Politics & Policies: Is the head needed? |
| | Iraqi insurgents have mirrored the "cell" method used by the Algerian National Liberation Front during its war of independence from France. | | | During the Algerian war, a conflict that lasted from 1954 to 1962, French troops resorted to heavy-handed methods in order to break down the resistance, identify and arrest its leaders and put an end to the idea that Algeria could secede from France. | | | In citywide raids and street-by-street sweeps of the Casbah, French troops detained thousands of Algerians -- not all of whom were FLN sympathizers. |
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http://www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=20050525-015504-7956r
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| | ipedia.com: National Liberation Front Article |
| | The National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam, also known as the "Viet Cong," a guerrilla group fighting the United States Army and the South Vietnamese government in the Vietnam War. | | | The Front de Libération Nationale, an Algerian group fighting for independence from France during the 1950s and 1960s, which later became the sole Algerian party, and is now one among many Algerian parties. | | | The group was led by Enver Hoxha, who later became prime minister of Albania. |
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http://www.ipedia.com/national_liberation_front.html
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| | BBC NEWS Europe Ex-minister sued over Algeria war |
| | A lawsuit being filed in Paris on Tuesday alleges that, in a deliberately racist policy, white settlers were evacuated and pro-French Algerians were abandoned to their fate as the independence war drew to a close. | | | One of the last surviving members of the government of French President Charles de Gaulle is being sued over the deaths of thousands of Algerians. | | | Now, 87-year-old former armed forces minister Pierre Messmer is being sued over the deaths by representatives of the pro-French Algerians, known as "harkis". |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/europe/3239999.stm
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| | Algeria |
| | Algerian independence movements led to the uprisings of 1954–1955, which developed into full-scale war. | | | Libya claims about 32,000 sq km in a dormant dispute still reflected on its maps in southeastern Algeria; armed bandits based in Mali attack southern Algerian towns; border with Morocco remains closed over mutual claims of harboring militants, arms smuggling; Algeria supports the exiled Sahrawi Polisario Front and rejects Moroccan administration of Western Sahara. | | | In 1962, French president Charles de Gaulle began the peace negotiations, and on July 5, 1962, Algeria was proclaimed independent. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107272.html
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