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| | Encyclopedia: Mughal Empire |
 | | In 1739 it was defeated by an army from Persia led by Nadir Shah. | | | As soon as Akbar came of age, he began to free himself from the influences of overbearing ministers, court factions, and harem intrigues, and demonstrated his own capacity for judgment and leadership. | | | Under Akbar, the court abolished the jizya, the tax on non-Muslims, and abandoned use of the lunar Muslim calendar in favor of a solar calendar more useful for agriculture. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Mughal-Empire
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| | [No title] |
| | Shah Jahan was deposed and imprisoned for the rest of his life by his son Aurangzeb, who became emp. | | | Shivaji, venerated in Maharashtra as the father of 'the Maratha nation', was born. | | | The last Khalji, Qutb-ud-Din Mubarak Shah, was murdered in 1320 by his chief minister, Khusraw Khan, who was in turn replaced by Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq, the first ruler of the Tughluq dynasty. |
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http://www.bangla-sydney.com/world_hist.asp
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| | Moore 1 |
| | Akbar proved to be one of the greatest leaders in all of northern India, as he decisively defeated the Afghans and firmly established Mughal supremacy. | | | Shah Jehan’s rule ended on 21 July 1658 when his third son, Aurangzeb, defeated his brothers, imprisoned his father and became the new emperor of Delhi. | | | Jehangir also proved to be a great leader, like his father, and was known for his great sense of justice. |
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http://ww2.coastal.edu/engl314/Moore.htm
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| | The Telegraph - Calcutta : Nation |
| | Shah was accompanied by the convener of the committee, Ashok Bhan, when he went to meet the Congress chief. | | | This afternoon, emerging from a second round of “Track-II” talks with Ram Jethmalani and his “Kashmir Committee”, Shah said his Democratic Freedom Party had agreed in principle to contest the elections, provided seven conditions were met. | | | To a question whether the committee was still hopeful of postponement of elections, Jethmalani said “there is a Supreme Court guideline which stated that elections could be reviewed till the polls actually do not take place”. |
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http://www.telegraphindia.com/1020831/asp/nation/story_1154471.asp
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| | Akbar - Columbia Encyclopedia® article about Akbar |
| | Although he was himself illiterate, Akbar's courts at Delhi, Agra, and Fatehpur Sikri Fatehpur Sikri or Fathpur Sikri (both: fətəp | | | Having defeated the Rajputs, the most militant of the Hindu rulers, he allied himself with them, giving their chiefs high positions in his army and government; he twice married Rajput princesses. | | | A simple, monotheistic cult, tolerant in outlook, it centered on Akbar as prophet, but had an influence outside the court. |
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http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Akbar
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| | DELHI |
| | Shahzadi Ruqiya Begum, married Padshah ABUL FATH JALALUDDIN MUHAMMED AKBAR I (qv). | | | Shahzada MUHAMMAD AKBAR (by Dilras Banu Begum), born 20th September 1657, married (a) Salima Begum, (daughter of Shahzada SULEIMAN SHIKUH and Anup Kanwar), (b) married the daughter of the Raja of Assam, and had issue. | | | Shahzadi Salima Sultan Begum, married Padshah ABUL FATH JALALUDDIN MUHAMMED AKBAR I (qv) |
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http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/misc/mughal.html
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| | Mughal Empire |
| | Akbar was born in the province of Sind (now in Pakistan) on Oct. 15, 1542. | | | He kept his father under house arrest at the fortress of Agra until Shah Jahan died there on Jan. 22, 1666. | | | Soon after Aurangzeb's death the empire broke up. |
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http://members.tripod.com/~blye/index6.html
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| | The Mughal Dynasty |
| | Akbar only used capable Muslims in his court. | | | The power fell into the hands of his son, Akbar, who was only thirteen years old at the time. | | | Jahangir set up a Chain of Justice outside of his palace. |
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http://www.edhelper.com/ReadingComprehension_42_59.html
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| | Books |
| | Captain Douglas, the British officer posted to Bahadur Shah’s court, was receiving Munshi Jivanlal | | | From the ‘feeble, cowardly and contemptible’ Emperor Farrukh Siyar to the no less feeble, cowardly and contemptible Bahadur Shah Zafar, the Nehrus served as bureaucrats to the kingdom. | | | From his death-bed he wrote to his son Azam: ‘I came alone and am going alone. |
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http://www.asianage.com/byline/booksdetail.asp?bookid=2
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| | Historical Background: Text |
| | As Akbar acquired new territories, cities, and provinces, he brought their most gifted artisans to his own court where he established workshops and ateliers, or schools, for the instruction of native Indian artisans. | | | Although the Rajputs maintained loyalty to their separate clans, they became part of the emperor’s court through ties of kinship. | | | His friend and chief minister Abul Fazl wrote that Akbar: |
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http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/FLOWERS/HTM/hb_rgt10.htm
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| | akbar2nd |
| | DARBAR OF AKBAR II, Jaipur or Delhi School, circa 1850. | | | *The Darbar of Akbar II, Jaipur or Delhi School, c.1850* | | | The British follow, with the Resident at Delhi, Edward Colebrooke (resident 1827-1830) upon an elephant, beyond which ride either Captain John Sutherland or Captain George R. Clerk, his first assistant and commander. |
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http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/latermughals/akbar2nd/akbar2nd.html
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| | Bahadur Shah II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Emperor Bahadur Shah II presided over a Mughal empire that stretched barely beyond the modern city of Delhi. | | | He became the Mughal Emperor upon his father's death on September 28, 1838. | | | Bahadur Shah died in exile on November 7, 1862 and is buried near Shwe Degon Pagoda, Yangôn, and the place of his burial is currently known as Bahadur Shah Zafar Dargah [1]. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar
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| | The Hindu : From twilight to twilight in Delhi.... |
| | Akbar Shah, fed by gossip by his favourite queen, charged Zafar with unnatural vice. | | | But the Marathas of Mahadji Scindia returned to Delhi to pursue Ghulam Qadir and executed him brutally. | | | Akbar did succeed his father as Akbar Shah-II in 1806 but did not like his eldest son Abul Zafar, who was later to be known as Bahadur Shah Zafar, as he wanted Mirza Jahangir, son of his second wife, Begum Mumtaz Mahal, to be the heir apparent. |
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http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/10/21/stories/2002102100620200.htm
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| | The Dynasty of the great Mughals in India |
| | Akbar, the most sophisticated Mughal commander and leader, was only 14 years of age when he succeeded his father Humayun. | | | Humayun was defeated and dislodged by insurrections of nobles from the old Lodi regime. | | | Humayun died unexpectedly at the age of 48 when he fell down the steps of his library in his haste to obey the muezzin's call to prayer. |
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http://www.islamicart.com/library/history/mughals.html
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| | Other Mughals by Neria Harish Hebbar, MD |
| | However, the success of the mutineers was soon reversed and the octogenarian (he was eighty-two years old) was relieved of his empire and deposed in 1858. | | | However, he would preside over more loss of territory to the British. | | | Bahadur Shah’s son Jahandar Shah succeeded after his death. |
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http://www.boloji.com/history/015.htm
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| | Twilight of the Mughal Dynasty |
| | The elderly and moderate Bahadur Shah had a brief reign, lasting from 1707 to 1712. | | | The court nobility became the principal usurpers of imperial authority. | | | The sons of Bahadur Shah, notes Hambly, were but puppets of the warring factions. |
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http://www.islamicart.com/library/empires/india/twilight.html
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| | Two Native Narratives of the |
| | In 1809 increased allowances were demanded by the Shah, and sanctioned by the Court of Directors. | | | In September, 1837, died Shah Akbar 11, leaving issue eleven sons and six daughters. | | | In 1806 died the blind old Emperor Shah Alum, for 45 years the nominal Emperor of Hindustan. |
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http://www.kapadia.com/NativeNarrative/IntroductoryPages.htm
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| | Shah Alam: Information From Answers.com |
| | Driven out of Delhi in 1758, he nonetheless proclaimed himself emperor after the murder (1759) of his father, Alamgir II. | | | The British restored him to the throne in 1803 when they captured Delhi. | | | The Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM and formerly known as Institut Teknologi MARA or ITM) which is known as Malaysia's affirmative action symbol is located in the state capital. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/shah-alam
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| | Humayun's Tomb, Delhi, Monumental Tombs of Mughals, Tombs of Delhi, Mughal Tombs, Monuments of Delhi |
| | Unfortunately, he was not able to rule for a long time and met with his untimely death after he fell from the stairs of the Sher Mandal library. | | | Humayun took refuge at the court of the Safavid ruler, Shah of Persia, who helped in regain Delhi in 1555 AD. | | | Humayun, the eldest son of Babur, succeeded his father and became the second emperor of the Mughal Empire. |
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http://www.indiaprofile.com/monuments-temples/humayuntomb.htm
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| | Spinel Buying Guide |
| | This stone was stolen from Timur in the year 1398 at Delhi, and Jahangir repurchased it.” (The statements italicized are mistakes apparently due to a misreading of Dow). | | | One of the finest examples of a Badakhshan spinel is the Black Prince’s “Ruby”, a 140-ct. monster which is mounted in the front of the Imperial State Crown of Great Britain. | | | Whether he had obtained them from Shah Rukh is not stated. |
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http://www.palagems.com/spinel_ball.htm
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| | bahadur shah zafar |
| | Bahadur Shah Zafar was born in Delhi on October 24 1775. | | | His father was Akbar Shah II and his mother was a Rajput lady Lal Bai. | | | Prior to defeating him in battle and imprisoning him in Yangoon, Myanmar, the British East India Company reduced Bahadur Shah Zafar and his family to a state of dependence. |
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http://www.kapadia.com/zafar.html
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| | Delhi - the resilient city [mughals] pg 7 |
| | The Emperor Shah Alam and his 2 successors were referred to as King of Delhi | | | Mohammad Taqi Mir 1722- 1810 – born Akbarabad and died in Lucknow. | | | Shah Abdul Latif 1689-1752 born in Hyderabad, Sind joined a group of wandering yogis and settled in Bhit where his tomb is a revered shrine. |
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http://www.the-south-asian.com/Jan2001/Delhi7_Jan_2001.htm
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| | The Mughals: Aurangzeb |
| | In 1803, Raj forces captured both Delhi and Agra, and the Mughals themselves became vassals of the British. | | | Aurangzeb was a conqueror from the start, having deposed his father | | | Shah Jehan and mercilessly executed his brother, Crown Prince Dara Shukoh. |
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http://www.edwebproject.org/india/aurangzeb.html
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| | APPENDIX 1 - MUSLIM DYNASTIES IN INDIA’S HISTORY |
| | Murshid Qulî Khãn II who figures in our citations was Shujãu’d-Dîn’s son-in-law and was made the deputy governor in 1728 with his seat at Dacca. | | | The capital of Bengal had meanwhile been moved from Dacca to Murshidabad. |
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http://www.bharatvani.org/books/htemples2/app1.htm
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| | Observations on the Mussulmauns of India - Letter XX (By Meer Hassan Ali) |
| | The first King of Oude issued coins from his new mint almost immediately after his coronation, prior to which period the current money of that province bore the stamp of Delhi.[6] | | | Auliya, one of the noblest disciples of Shaikh Farid-ud-din Shakkarganj; born at Budaun, A.D. died at Delhi, 1325. | | | [1] Akbar Shah II, King of Delhi, A.D. Mahall. |
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http://www.authorama.com/observations-on-the-mussulmauns-of-india-24.html
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| | Raja Ram Mohan Roy - Founder of the Brahmo Samaj |
| | He argued for the reform of Hindu law, led the protest against restrictions on the press, mobilised the Government against the oppressive land laws, argued the case for the association of Indians in Government and argued in favour of an English system of education in India. | | | Ram Mohan came to England in 1831 as the ambassador of the Mughal Emperor Akbar Shah II. | | | In 1832 he visited Paris, returning to England the same year, and coming to stay at Beech House, Stapleton Grove, Bristol in 1833. |
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http://www.chanda.freeserve.co.uk/rmroy1.htm
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| | Search Results for nadir - Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | He had himself elected shah of Persia, with... | | | The commander of Nadir Shah's 4,000-man Afghan bodyguard was Ahmad Khan Abdali, who returned to Kandahar and was elected shah by a tribal council. | | | Nadr was impressed by the courage of the Heratis and recruited many of them to serve in his army. |
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http://www.britannica.com/search?query=nadir&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT
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| | Iranica.com - FAÚRUÚQÈ DYNASTY |
| | 974/1566) to offer his daughter in marriage to Akbar and to acknowledge Mughal overlordship, though the Fa@ru@q^s were still able to maneuver among Gujarat and the kingdoms of the Deccan. | | | 897/1492) and his son ˆa@h Jala@l, whereas M^ra@n Moháammad Shah II (d. | | | 943/1537), who was granted the title "shah" and named heir to the throne of Gujarat by his uncle Baha@dor Shah, though he did not live to inherit. |
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http://www.iranica.com/articles/v9f4/v9f407.html
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| | latermughals |
| | Akbar Shah II (r.1806-37) holds court, receiving British officers | | | As the empire declined, the last Mughal tomb built in Delhi (1753-4) was built by a regional ruler, Navab Shuja ud-Daulah of Avadh, for his father, Safdar Jang | | | Bahadur Shah was greatly influenced by his youngest and favorite wife, Zinat Mahal |
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http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/latermughals/latermughals.html
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| | Where lie the great Mughals? |
| | Tragically, he enjoyed his rule for just another year, dying after falling down the steps of his library. | | | Bahadur Shah died in exile on November 7, 1862 and is buried near Shwe Degon Pagoda, Yangon. | | | Overthrown by his son Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan was imprisoned in the Octagonal Tower of the Agra Fort. |
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http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/aug/30spec3.htm
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| | Later Mughals |
| | Bahadur Shah's death followed a fresh war of succession among his four sons, | | | The last of the mughal emperors, Bahadur Shah Zafar, though poet himself, never had any time to write couplets for his coins. | | | He could not prevent the decline of the empire due to his sudden death in 1712. |
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http://prabhu.50g.com/mughal/mug_later.html
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| | Search results for 'Bahadur Shah' |
| | is born in Fergana 1526 Babur defeats Ibrahim, the sultan of Delhi at Panipat 1530 Death of Babur and Humayun assumes power 1540 Afghan Leader Sher Shah defeats Humayun and seizes the empire 1555 Humayun re-conquers Delhi Akbar the Great 1556 Humayun dies, young Akbar is enthroned 1562 Akbar, a free | | | This is a a collection of articles and pictures documenting the time in India when the Moguls ruled. | | | The Sepoy Mutiny (First Indian War of Independence) In 1857, the Hindus and Muslims forged a rare unity under the leadership of the Bahadur Shah (who was to become the last Mogul) and fought against the British. |
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http://www.kamat.com/cgi-bin/htsearch?words=Bahadur+Shah
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| | General Information |
| | “Qadiriya” also flourished in the state of Uttar Pradesh while “Naqshbandiya “ was found by sheik Khawajah Paqi Allah who lived in Delhi during the age of Emperor Akbar. | | | Chishtiya order was widely accepted in Punjab during the age of Sultan Hussien Shah. | | | This festival was very famous that participants from different categories were keen to attend. |
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http://www.indembsudan.com/isl_009.htm
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| | Sir Syed Ahmad Khan [1817-1898] |
| | His maternal grandfather, Khwajah Farid was a Wazir in the court of Akbar Shah II. | | | His father, Mir Muttaqi, had been close to Akbar Shah since the days of his prince-hood. | | | His paternal grandfather Syed Hadi held a mansab and the title of Jawwad Ali Khan in the court of Alamgir II. |
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http://www.storyofpakistan.com/person.asp?perid=P001
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| | GREAT HABSHIS IN ETHIOPIAN/INDIAN HISTORY |
| | The first was Bilal Habshi, who was appointed in 1538-9, and was governor of Burhanpur under Mubarak Shah of Khandesh (1537-1566). | | | He subsequently transferred his allegiance to Akbar, who responded by reaffirming his possession of Songir. | | | He sided sometimes with Itimad Khan and sometimes with Imad-ul-Mulk Arslan, but after Akbar's conquest of Gujarat ended his days in captivity, and was buried at Sarkhej beside the graves of his father Yaqut and his son Ahmad. |
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http://www.cwo.com/~lucumi/ethiopia.html
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| | HINDOSTANT LITERATURE - Online Information article about HINDOSTANT LITERATURE |
| | Akbar's court was itself a centre of poetical composition. | | | singer at Akbar's court, Sur Das was descended, according to his own statement, from the bard of Prithwi-Raj, Chand Bardai. | | | Akbar (1556-1605); and it is not improbable that the broad and liberal views of this great monarch, his active sympathy with his Hindu subjects, the interest which he took in their religion and literature, and the peace which his organization of the See also: |
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http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/HIG_HOR/HINDOSTANT_LITERATURE.html
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| | Akbar II [1760-1837] |
| | Shah Alam died in 1806 and was succeeded by his son, Akbar. | | | Akbar died in 1837 and was succeeded by his son, Bahadur Shah Zafar, who was destined to be the last Mughal emperor to rule India. | | | Akbar, however, did try to get some of the privileges, which the British had accorded at the time of British conquest of Delhi, by sending Ram Mohan Roy as his envoy to England. |
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http://www.storyofpakistan.com/person.asp?perid=P075
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| | DURRANI5 |
| | Blinded and imprisoned at Kabul by his brother, Zaman Shah. | | | (third) at Mashhad, 1770, Shahzadi Gauhar Shad, elder daughter of H.M. Shahrukh Shah, Shahanshah of Persia. | | | Deposed by an army sent by the Shah of Persia, April 1856. |
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http://4dw.net/royalark/Afghanistan/durrani5.htm
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| | General Information |
| | During the reigns of Akbar Shah II and Bahadur Shah, the palace was known as the “Great Fort of Dignity”. | | | Amongst the several mosques in Mandu, Jamia Mosque that Shahen Shah started constructing (1406-1435) and was completed by his successor Mahmoud Shah I stands alone (1436-1469). | | | Shah Jahan built it to perpetuate the memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal who died after giving the birth to their 14th child, which made him deeply sad. |
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http://www.indembsudan.com/isl_005.htm
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| | Glossary of Terms at Kamat's Potpourri |
| | Mogul Emperor (1530-1556) ; son of Babar and father of Akbar the great [ | | | The Mogul emperor who built Taj Mahal; son of Akbar; father of Aurangjeb | | | City in the state of Maharashtra well known for the tomb of Mogul emperor Aurangjeb |
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http://www.kamat.org/whois.asp?search=mogul
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| | The Tribune...Sunday Reading |
| | Even Bahadur Shah II had a grave prepared for himself in the same compound but it remained unoccupied as he was deported to Rangoon, where, following his death, he was buried. | | | According to the inscription above its main arch, it was added to the existing mahal by Bahadur Shah II in the eleventh year of his accession (1264 A.H. i.e. | | | This view is further confirmed by the fact that several of them, including Bahadur Shah I and Farrukhsyar made improvements to the dargah. |
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http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99nov07/sunday/head11.htm
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| | Islamic Medical Manuscripts: Bio-Bibliographies |
| | ār, was for sixteen years the court physician to the Mazaffarid ruler Shah Shuja‘, who ruled from 1358 to 1384. | | | He was physician to the Mughal emperor Shah ‘Alam II (ruled 1759-1806) and possibly to his son Akbar II (ruled 1806-1837). |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/arabic/bioH.html
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| | SAN DIEGO MUSEUM of ART The Binney Collection: South Asian Miniature Paintings |
| | While nominally presiding over an empire, the Mughal emperors in the late 18th century were at best supported by the Kingdom of Delhi, a swath of land around the city from which they might receive revenues and military support from chiefs. | | | Only protection from the Nawab's father had permitted the prince's father to live to claim the throne and rule as Shah Alam (ruled 1760-1788, and after an interregnum again from 1788-1806). | | | (The prince later ruled as Akbar II from 1806-1837.) |
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http://www.sdmart.org/exhibition-binney-later9.html
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| | Modern Bengal |
| | empire passed to the third son shâh ´âlam bahâdur who ruled as bahadur shah (1707–1712, shia in belief, though did not make that the official creed), and then after a brief stint in 1712 under his eldest son Azim-us-shan, to his second son jahândâr mu´izz ad din shah (1712–overthrown in 1713). | | | Minister Ghazi-ud-din became the kingmaker and raised muhammad shah's son Ah.mad bahâdur Shâh (1748–54), ´Azîz ad dîn ´Âlamgîr II, son of jahandar shah (1754–59; supported sikhs and marathas), Shâh Jahân III (1759–71). | | | He was followed by his son, mu´in ad dîn Akbar Shah II (1806–1837) and then his son sirâj ad dîn Abu Bahâdur Shâh Zafar II (1837–58) whose male line of descent (son mirza mughal, and grandson mirza abu-bakr) died out, and who were puppets of the British East India Company. |
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http://tanmoy.tripod.com/bengal/modern.html
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| | Indian Painting in the Classroom: Akbar Shah II Receives the British Resident |
| | Akbar Shah II, the next-to-last Mughal emperor, is borne on a palanquin and accompanied by richly dressed courtiers. | | | By the nineteenth century, the British had effective control of Delhi. | | | The British Resident, who, in fact, controlled the emperor, is shown as a supplicant, somewhat lost in the crowd. |
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http://www.askasia.org/teachers/Instructional_Resources/FEATURES/Power_Desire/images/im_1990-394.htm
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| | Daily Excelsior... Editorial |
| | The daughters of Akbar Shah II used to visit his shop in their palkis to choose their favourite attar. | | | Founded during the reign of Akbar Shah II in 1816, the shop happens to be the oldest and a numero uno in Delhi. | | | Gulab Singh Johrimal's shop situated in Old Delhi's Shahjahanabadi Dariba in Chandni Chowk is one of the few in the country upholding the tradition of gundhis (perfumers). |
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http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/01mar02/edit.htm
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| | Hindu Press International October 11, 2004 |
| | Phoolwalon Ki Sair began about 150 years ago when Mughal emperor Akbar Shah II was persuaded by his favorite queen to make his younger son, Mirza Jahangir, heir to the throne. | | | But the British disliked Jahangir for his spirited ways. |
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http://www.hinduism-today.com/hpi/2004/10/11.shtml
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| | KARACHI: Arbab urged to solve teachers' problems -DAWN - Local; 23 February, 2005 |
| | He also criticized the minister for getting transferred two education secretaries Ghulam Ali Shah Pasha and Nadir Markhiani, replacement of special secretary education Sohail Akbar Shah with Ghulam Qadir Mangi, forced transfers of additional secretaries Saleh Farooqui, Dr Noorul Haq and Deputy Secretary Muhammad Ali Mangrio. | | | They said that the department was failing to get teachers appointed on long vacant posts of lecturers in colleges. | | | Speaking at a press conference on Tuesday, the leaders of the association claimed that authorities at the department were not only indifferent to the problems of the teaching and non-teaching staff of the government educational institutions but were also failing to ensure fairness in the matters pertaining to their transfer and postings. |
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http://www.dawn.com/2005/02/23/local3.htm
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