Afonso Henriques - Polsearch

Afonso Henriques - Polsearch

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Afonso I of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Afonso married in 1146 Mafalda or Maud of Savoy (1125-1158), daughter of Amadeo III, Count of Savoy, and Mafalda of Albon.
Afonso wedded Mafalda of Savoy, daughter of Count Amadeo III of Savoy, and sent ambassadors to Rome to negotiate with the Pope.
Afonso spent the next years away from his own county, under the watch of the bishop.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_I_of_Portugal (1152 words)



Encyclopedia: Afonso III of Portugal

Afonso, prince of Portugal (1263-1312), married to princess Violante of Castile (daughter of Juan Manuel of Castile).
He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and his wife, Urraca of Castile; he succeeded his brother, King Sancho II of Portugal in 1247.
Urraca of Portugal (Coimbra, 1151â€“1188), was a Portuguese Princess, daughter of Afonso I, King of Portugal.

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Afonso-III-of-Portugal (2206 words)



List of Portuguese monarchs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Afonso Henriques was the first King of Portugal.
The next possible date is the death of Count Henry in 1112 and the succession to the throne of Afonso Henriques, as the second Count of Portugal under the regency of his mother and Henry’s wife, Theresa, who proclaimed herself Queen of Portugal.
In 1128, with the Battle of São Mamede and the end of the civil war, the power was transferred to Afonso Henriques as the sole ruler as Prince of Portugal.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs (1595 words)



30TH GENERATION

King Sancho I of PORTUGAL was born in 1154 in Portugal - son of Afonso Henriques.
Theresa of PORTUGAL was born about 1150 in Portugal - dtr of Afonso Henriques.
She died in 1157 in Portugal - wife of Afonso Henriques.

http://home.att.net/~hamiltonclan/hamilton/dukes/d339.htm (121 words)



BBC - h2g2 - The Portuguese Monarchy - Part I

Sancho's brother, Afonso 'the Nephew', born in 1210, had been sent to the French court to complete his upbringing, where his aunt, Blanche of Castile, was regent.
When Afonso, the second son was born, on the 8th October, 1261, the marriage was declared legal (as Maud had died in 1258) and backdated, however, to 1253.
In 1355 Inez de Castro was murdered by order of Afonso IV which led to civil war with his son Pedro.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/ww2/A2851427 (2100 words)



MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Portugal

Afonso Henriques declared Portugal independent from Castile and León in 1139 and proclaimed himself Afonso I, the first king of Portugal.
A period of national consolidation followed, during which Afonso III moved the capital of Portugal from Coimbra to Lisbon.
In this period the royal houses of Castile and Portugal frequently intermarried, repeatedly raising the possibility that one of the kingdoms might be absorbed by the other.

http://encarta.msn.com/text_761558260___29/Portugal.html (6666 words)



European Voyages of Exploration - Portugal Overview

The lifework of Alfonso Henriques, first King of Portugal (1128-1185), consisted in his assertion, by fighting and diplomacy, of the political independence of the country, and in his enlargement of its boundaries by conquests from the Moors who occupied more than half the present kingdom when he began to rule.
To end this infatuation, Alfonso was unfortunately persuaded to consent to her assassination, whereupon the prince rose in arms against his father and devastated the country.
The Abbot of Allocable had the post of chief almoner and sat in the Royal Council and the Cortes with the honours of a bishop.

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/portover.html (6393 words)



Madeira island - Historic images kings

First king of Portugal, D. Afonso I or D.Afonso Henriques born in Guimarães in 1109, son of Count Henri de Bourgogne and D. Teresa, married D.Mafalda daughter of Amadeu III Count of Saboia.
Fourth king of Portugal, D.Sancho II born in Coimbra in 1209, son of D. Afonso II and Queen D.Urraca, married D.Mécia Lopes de Haro daughter of Lopo Diaz de Haro, senor of Biscaia.
Second king of Portugal, D. Sancho I born in Coimbra in 1154, son of D.Afonso Henriques and Queen D.Mafalda, married D.Dulce daughter of D.Raimundo count of Barcelona.

http://www.madeiraarchipelago.com/history?see=images&of=kings (352 words)



D. Afonso Henriques (English Version)

To his successor, his son Sancho I, Afonso Henriques leaves only one geopolitical recommendation: the construction of a bridge between the North and the South of Portugal so as not to jeopardize the unification that took him a lifetime to accomplish and maintain.
Very few people know, but it's thanks to the political shrewdness of Afonso Henriques that Portugal is the first European country to establish itself as an independent state.
1185: Afonso Henriques dies in the city of his birth.

http://www.vidaslusofonas.pt/afonso_henriques2.htm (4107 words)



Musaul Sobmun

FORMATION OF THE MONARCHY Afonso Henriques was a robust, visionary young man of about twenty years of age when he acquired control of the province of Portugal.
As a result of this vigorous prosecution of the reconquest, the pope officially recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal in 1179 and granted him all conquered lands over which neighboring kings could not prove rights.
He also declared that the grants of land so lavishly awarded by his father to his supporters would have to be confirmed, as was the custom at the start of each reign.

http://silvermarches.7.forumer.com/a/musaul-sobmun_post1423-15.html (6408 words)



European royalty--Portuguese monarchs

The son of King João IV, Afonso was paralyzed and unsound in mind, and was deposed in 1667 and exiled to the Azores by his brother Pedro, who acted as regent until Afonso's death.
Alfonso I, also called Afonso Henriques, seeking independence from the Crown of Navarre, petitioned and won from the pope the title of King of Portugal.
Alfonso extending his rule down into southern Portugal.

http://histclo.hispeed.com/royal/por/royal-porm.htm (2380 words)



Portugal

Portuguese exploration of the west coast of Africa, a project begun by Henry the Navigator, prince of Portugal, continued during the reign of Alfonso V. Afonso VI (1643-1683) King of Portugal 1656-67, son of John IV.
Son of John I and father of Afonso V. Reformed royal land-grant laws; supported work of his brother, Prince Henry the Navigator; led unsuccessful expedition against Tangier (1437); wrote two prose works: O Leal conselheiro ("The Loyal Councilor") and a book of instruction in horsemanship.
Son of Dom John (1537-1554), only son of John III; during his minority (1557-68), government under his grandmother Catherine of Austria, and later his uncle Cardinal Henry (see HENRY, king of Portugal); led expedition to Morocco; defeated and slain at the battle of Alcazarquivir; last important ruler of House of Aviz (q.v.

http://website.lineone.net/~johnbidmead/portugal.htm (7374 words)



Very condensed table of the history of Portugal.

Afonso VI dies, daughter Urraca marries Afonso VII of Castile and Leon.
Afonso IV of Leon & Castile sent Henrique of Burgundy to defend Lusitania as Conde of Portucale and married him to Afonso's illegitimate daughter Teresa
D.Afonso Henriques recognized King of Portugal by Pope Alexander III

http://home.primus.ca/~ivo_azevedo/verycondensedhistoryofportugal.html (973 words)



BBC - h2g2 - The Monastery of Alcobaça, Portugal

Afonso Henriques, the son and heir of the late Count of Portugal, Henry of Burgundy, was declared King.
The story starts with King Afonso Henriques, the first king of Portugal, promising St. Bernard his lands in Alcobaça if he managed to capture Santarém from the Moors.
However, his son, King Afonso II died in 1223 and he and his Queen, Urraca, are buried here, together with his grandson, Afonso III buried in 1279, and his wife, Queen Brites.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/A2466128 (2021 words)



Documento senza titolo

Afonso Henriques used this title from 1139 on, and as the outcome of that the Condado Portucalense became kingdom of Portugal.
Until his death, in 1185, king Afonso Henriques continued to consider as fundamental political strategy the territorial enlargement of the kingdom.
Through the emission, by Alexander III, of the papal bull’s Manifestis Probatum, Afonso Henriques was recognized as king of Portugal.

http://www.stm.unipi.it/Clioh/lisbona.htm (1435 words)



Namnlöst dokument

He was replaced by his younger brother Afonso III who became regent (1247-1249) after a civil war (1245-1247) and later became king since Sancho II had no children.
He was called from Bologna (where he was married to the local sovereign) by the nobles to rule Portugal and upon his brother's death without offspring he inherited the throne.
Son of Count Henrique (who had been donated the county of Portugal in 1095 whose ducal dynasty had been abolished) and Countess Teresa (who tookover

http://www.warholm.nu/Kingport.html (1861 words)



Articles - Sancho I of Portugal

With the death of Afonso I in 1185, Sancho I became the second king of Portugal.
He was the third but only surviving son of Afonso I Henriques of Portugal by his wife, Mafalda of Savoy.
In 1170, Sancho was knighted by his father, King Afonso I, and from that time he became his second in command, both administratively and military.

http://www.worldhammock.com/articles/Sancho_I_of_Portugal (482 words)



The Templars in Portugal

The time of Afonso II In 1214, when Pedro Alvites was master of the Templars in Portugal, Afonso II granted them the lands of Cardosa, thus laying the foundation for what is now the city of Castelo Branco.
In 1145, when Hugo Martonio (known as Hugo Martins in Portuguese) was master of the temple in Portugal, Fernao Mendes, brother-in-law of Afonso Henriques, and his wife the Infanta Sancha Henriques, donated the castle of Longroiva.
The knights aided Afonso Henriques in his conquest of Santarem in 1147, and by way of recompense, the king granted them ecclesiastical authority over the lands liberated from the Moors.

http://www.thornr.demon.co.uk/kchrist/portemp.html (627 words)



Guimaraes : Introduction Frommers.com

Teresa and Henri chose Guimarães as their court, and Afonso Henrîques was born here.
For her dowry, Teresa brought the county of Portucale, whose name eventually became Portugal.
The city was the birthplace of Afonso Henrîques, the first king of Portugal and son of a French nobleman, Henri de Bourgogne, and his wife, Teresa, daughter of the king of León and Castile.

http://www.frommers.com/destinations/guimaraes/2670010001.html (361 words)



[No title]

1128 A.D. Afonso Henriques gains control of the area known as Portucalense, or Portugal, as it is referred to today.
Later, King Afonso III expanded the Kingdom of Portugal southward and established its present day boundaries with the acquisition of Algarve.
century, after the defeat of the Muslims, Portugal emerged as a nation state under the rule of King Dom Afonso Henriques.

http://law.cua.edu/ComparativeLaw/Portugal/ribeiro.htm (2539 words)



Afonso I

As Afonso grew older, he handed his mission on to his son, Sancho.
After winning his battles against his mother and Castile, he turned his attention to the Moslems who held the lands to the south of the Tagus.
Afonso Henriques declared himself King in 1139, but was only confirmed in this by the Pope forty years later.

http://www.thornr.demon.co.uk/kchrist/afonso1.html (331 words)



Portugal - encyclopedia article about Portugal.

King Afonso I of Portugal, then Count of Portugal defeats his mother, Teresa of Leon, in battle and gains control of the county.
Henry died and his son, Afonso Henriques (Afonso I), took control of the county.
On July 25, 1415, the Portuguese Empire began when a Portuguese fleet, with King John I and his sons Duarte, Pedro, Henry the Navigator, and Afonso, along with the Portuguese supreme constable Nuno Álvares Pereira departed to besiege and conquer Ceuta in North Africa, a rich Islamic trade center.

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Portugal (9316 words)



BIRTH PLACE OF A NATION

The name Henriques meant Son of Henrique, his father.
Afonso Henriques was born in 1109 in the city of Coimbra
Afonso Henriques was one of the warrior heroes of medieval romance; his exploits were sung by troubadours throughout south-western Europe, and even in Africa "ibn Errik" (the son of Henry) was known and feared.

http://www.arscives.com/portugal/guimaraes (1030 words)



Hotel Pousada de Nossa Senhora da Oliveira

Guimaraes, "The cradle of the Nation" is the birthplace of the first King of Portugal, Afonso Henriques, and was the first capital of Portugal.
King Afonso Henriques was born in the impressive 10th century castle, and he established the first Portuguese court here in the 12th century.
The Hotel Pousada Nossa Senhora da Oliveira, a former manor house, is in the medieval historical centre of Guimaraes.

http://www.autoplanhols.co.uk/pousada_pages/guimaraes.htm (265 words)



D. AFONSO HENRIQUES

This position politics compelled D. Paio to emigrate, leading obtains the young D.
Afonso Enriques assumed clearly the government of the county, with the objectivo clearly of it to firm independence.
Afonso VI, emperor of the kingdom of Lion), gentlemen of the Portucalense county.

http://homepage.oninet.pt/189mct/d__afonso_henriques.htm (687 words)



Accommodation Portugal

By emerging victorious from this struggle against the army of D. Teresa, his mother and the daughter of Alfonso VI of León and Castile, Afonso Henriques began the process that would lead to the foundation of the kingdom of Portugal, of which he was to become the first king.
This road will take you past the Pousada de Santa Marinha da Costa, an old convent founded by D. Mafalda de Sabóia, the wife of D. Afonso Henriques.
If you would like to see the city at its most magnificent, you should drive up the 7-kilometre road to the top of Monte da Penha, from where you will have the chance to enjoy one of the most impressive panoramic views in the north of Portugal.

http://www.portimar.pt/alojamento.php?lang=en&rg=cverde&cid=guimaraes (602 words)



Portuguese History

Due to endless fights and negotiations D. Afonso I, first king of Portugal, was awarded by the pope (1179) with the papal bull manifestis probatum thus bringing stability.
At the eyes of all the Christian world, that meant the birth of a new kingdom in a part of the world were the fight against the infidels would be reinforced by a backup force of attack (The Palestine and the Peninsula).
The five shields of the Portuguese arms are representative of the five Islamic kings that D.Afonso Henriques defeated at the Ourique battle.

http://www.aph.pt/pt_history/pt_history.html (3030 words)



Afonso I -- Encyclopædia Britannica

Alfonso VI, emperor of Leon, had granted the county of Portugal to Afonso's father, Henry of Burgundy, who successfully defended it against the Muslims (1095–1112).
also called Afonso Henriques, byname Afonso the Conqueror, Portuguese Afonso o Conquistador the first king of Portugal (1139–85), who conquered Santarém and Lisbon from the Muslims (1147) and secured Portuguese independence from Leon (1139).
More results on "Afonso I" when you join.

http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003927?tocId=9003927 (602 words)



History of PORTUGAL

He begins calling himself Afonso I of Portugal.
The city of Coimbra, used as their capital by Afonso I and his immediate successors, has been securely in Christian hands since 1064.
A victory over the Muslims at Ourique in 1139 is traditionally taken as the occasion when Portugal is transformed from a county into a kingdom.

http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab46 (968 words)



Venues and stadiums Euro 2004

The Estadio D. Afonso Henriques is the home of the Vitoia de Guimaraes club in Guimaraes, northern Portugal, with a capacity of 34,000.
The Estádio Municipal Dr. Magalhães Pessoa in Leiria, situated in the centre of Portugal is the home of the Uniao de Leiria, with a capacity of 35,000.
The Estadio Municipal, in Coimbra, situated in the centre of the country, is the home of Academica, with a capacity of f 35,000.

http://www.euro04.co.uk/pages/venues.html (233 words)



BBC SPORT Football Euro 2004 Venues Guide Venues Guide - Guimaraes

The birthplace of Portugal, and the nation's first capital, Guimaraes is known as 'the cradle of the nation.'
It boasts an imposing statue of former monarch Afonso Henriques, plus the castle and medieval walls which shadow the historical centre, which has been recognised as a special heritage site.
The ruins of a former Celtic settlement are a few miles away in Briberies, and the region around Guimaraes is the only place in the world that produces the wine vinho verde.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/euro_2004/venues_guide/3513281.stm (206 words)



EuroStadiums.com Portugal Guimaraes Estadio Dom Afonso Henriques

You are here : Home » Stadiums » Portugal » Guimaraes » Estadio Dom Afonso Henriques
The Estádio Afonso D. Henriques is located just north-west of the city centre of Guimarães.
Please login or register to edit the content.Registered users can also add new content.

http://www.eurostadiums.com/stadiums/Portugal/Guimaraes/301 (232 words)



HISTORY OF THE ROYAL ORDER OF SAINT MICHAEL OF THE WING

Vice-Chancellor and Delegate for the Foreign Delegation of the Royal Brotherhood of the Order of Saint Michael of the Wing
the petition for the canonization of King Afonso Henriques as submitted by King John III to the Pope refers that when the first king took Santarém from the Moors in 1147 he saw a flaming star that he took to be a sign that God wished this act.
“Most historic documents available agree that King D. Afonso Henriques founded the Order in 1171, after the taking of Santarém from the Moors on May 8th, 1147.

http://users.panola.com/AAGHS/WING.html (1692 words)



Alfonso

Afonso II of Portugal -- (1185-1223) "the Fat"
Afonso VI of Portugal -- (1656-1683) second king of the house of Braganza
Alfonso (or Afonso, Alphonso) may refer to any of the following;

http://www.yotor.com/wiki/en/al/Alfonso.htm (164 words)



Portugal

Afonso VI Pedro II brother of Alfonso VI João V

http://www.gaminggeeks.org/Resources/KateMonk/Europe-Western/Portugal/Rulers.htm (58 words)



IPPAR - Monuments and Sites

More than a century later, Count Dom Henrique (to whom the Portuguese county had been granted) chose Guimarães to establish his court: maybe he took this decision due to the safety conditions given by the Castle of St. Mamede (name given by its founder).
A prison was settled in the interior of the Castle in the 16th century and during the 17th century it worked as His Majesty's haystack.
Egas Moniz, his chamberlain, noticing the despairing situation of the town, assured his master's vassalage.

http://www.ippar.pt/english/monumentos/castelo_guimaraes.html (690 words)



A2Z Languages: A historical perspective of Porto city, Portugal

That same year the Bishop granted the latter a code of laws and later, D. Afonso Henriques confirmed and enlarged the limits of the land.
By 1120, the Queen D. T Tareja, the widow of the Count D. Henrique, donated the land to the Bishop D. Hugo and his successors.
Upon this invasion, it was the Bishop of Porto, D. Pedro Pitões, who eloquently lectured them at the Crasto de Portucale, on top of the hill, in front of the Sé (Cathedral).

http://www.a2zlanguages.com/Portugal/Porto/porto_history.htm (839 words)



Região de Turismo da Costa Azul

Both of these were confirmed by Afonso II.
King D. Dinis elevated it to the category of town in 1323 and in 1423, King D. João I ordered a convent to be built for the Knights of Santiago who had transfered their seat there.
King D. Afonso Henriques reconquered it in 1148, lost it in 1165 only to reconquer it again the following year.

http://www.costa-azul.rts.pt/iigrejas/palmela.html (869 words)



TrekEarth Silver Castle Photo

It was in the XV century that D. Afonso, the fourth Count of Ourém, grandson of King John I, set up his court in Ourém (1422), gave the town's defence walls, built turrets, the ancient Collegiate Church as well as his royal palace.
In 1178 the present triangular shaped castle was founded and in 1180, Ourém received its first charter from Teresa, the daughter of King Afonso Henriques becoming for the military value of its castle one of the first municipalities of Portugal.
Ourém's history confirms that it was once called Abdegas and that King Afonso Henriques reconquered it in 1136.

http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Europe/Portugal/South/Santarem/Ourem/photo42016.htm (294 words)



VivaPortugal Portuguese Flag

The five blue shields represent the five Morisco kings Don Afonso Henriques (the father of the Portuguese kingdom) defeated in the Ourique battle.
The white shield with the five small blue shields inside is the Armor of Don Afonso Henriques.
The seven castles around the white shield represent the fortified locations that Don Afonso Henriques conquered from the Moors.

http://www.vivaportugal.com/ptflag.htm (332 words)



Guimaraes Map

From here began the reconquest from the Moors and the subsequent creation of a united kingdom.
Guimarães - Birthplace of Afonso Henriques in 1110, and first capital of Portucale kingdom.
Although Guimarães subsequently lost its pre-eminent status to Coimbra - wich became the Portuguese capital in 1143 - it never relinquished its sense of self-importance.

http://www.360portugal.com/Distritos.QTVR/Braga.VR/vilas.cidades/Guimaraes/Guimaraes-Map.html (55 words)



:::SPECIALE::EURO::2004:::::FEDERAZIONE::ITALIANA::GIUOCO::CALCIO::::::::::::::::::

Afonso Henriques Is located in the old city of Guimarãesin the north of the country.
Its capacity has been increased to at least 30,000.
With a priority on widening the range of employment on offer, Guimarães wants to highlight its standing in the north-western Iberian peninsula and become an attractive option to those who want to live and work in a city with quality of life.

http://www.figc.it/versione_inglese/speciale_euro_2004/html/impianto_2.htm (549 words)



Sagres, Algarve, Portugal - Travel informations & photos

However, it much more likely that they were moved to Lisboa upon the orders of Dom Afonso Henriques.
Century Chapel of Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe, reputed to have been often used by Dom Afonso Henriques in his religious devotion.
Several naval engagements took place off the Cape; Admiral Tourville defeated Sir George Rooke in 1693; Admiral Rodney defeated the Spanish in 1780; Admiral Jervis with Nelson defeated the Spanish fleet in 1797.

http://www.algarvegolf.net/algarve/sagres.htm (884 words)



Venues - Guimarães, Portugal : Euro 2004

Located right in the heart of Guimarães, the "craddle-city" of Portugal, originally created by the local youth in the 20s the Dom Afonso Henriques Stadium has been almost totally refurbished to hold 30,000 seats and is now able to host Euro 2004 matches.
The Dom Afonso Henriques Stadium will hold 30,000 seats.
Click on the city's below to view details about the venue/s they will have and the games they will host.

http://www.european2004.com/Portugal2004/Guimaraes.htm (119 words)



TheFA.com - Estádio Afonso D. Henriques

Opened in July 2003, and named after the revered inaugural king, it’s partly covered on all sides, has 30,000 seats and was the first stadium to be ready for the tournament.
Vitoria Guimarães' Estádio Afonso D. Henriques, venue for two of Italy's group matches.

http://www.thefa.com/EURO2004/Venues/Postings/2004/04/Euro2004_Venues_AfonsoHenriques.htm (95 words)



Afonso - definition of Afonso by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.

This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
You may also use the word browser links:
Afonso is not available in the general English dictionary and thesaurus.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Afonso (84 words)



euro 2004

The rebuilding project was part of a effort to revamp the centre of the old town, which is a heritage listed site.
Located in the centre of the city, the Estádio Afonso D Henriques has been virtually rebuilt, increasing its capacity to 30,000.
AEDT = Australian Eastern Daylight-Saving Time which is 11 hours ahead of UTC (Greenwich Mean Time)

http://www.abc.net.au/football/euro/2004/venues/henriques.htm (283 words)



flag of Portugal - 1143 historical flag flags, Fahnen, Flaggen, FOTW bei Nationalflaggen.de

This is the heraldic banner of King Afonso Henriques, a blue cross on a silver background.
The Grande Enciclopédia Portuguesa e Brasileira shows this flag with the cross not touching the flag borders (like Switzerland).

http://www.nationalflaggen.de/flags-of-the-world/flags/pt-1143.html (128 words)



uefa.com

UEFA EURO 2004™ took another step closer today with the official inauguration of the first of the ten venues that will host matches at the tournament - the D. Afonso Henriques stadium, in Guimarães.
"It is with the greatest satisfaction that, on behalf of Euro 2004, S.A. and FPF, we witness the inauguration of the D. Afonso Henriques stadium, the first of the ten venues that will host UEFA EURO 2004™," he told euro2004.com.
"To signal our appreciation of the work done by the Guimarães people, we have chosen the D. Afonso Henriques stadium to stage the Portuguese Super Cup, on 10 August between FC Porto and UD Leiria," he added.

http://es.uefa.com/news/newsId=84695,printer.htmx (257 words)



Building Worlds - Portugal

While throughout Europe countries kept fighting and changing their boundaries, Portugal had little more to do than helping Spain, which was still fighting the Muslims.
Another well known fadista is Mariza, often seen as Amália's heiress.
Portugal is the oldest European country with its defined boundaries unchanged (1297), although the date of its birth is 1179 by the sword (and gold) of king Afonso Henriques.

http://criarmundos.do.sapo.pt/Portugal/Portugaleng.html (1127 words)