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<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Insofar as he may have had political convictions in his youth, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> seemed to possess the reactionary spirit predominant in Europe at the time <bb>>ofb>bb>> his birth, a trend which continued in Russia through to the end <bb>>ofb>bb>> his father's reign.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> resolved to try the effect <bb>>ofb>bb>> some moderate liberal reforms in an attempt to quell the revolutionary agitation, and for this purpose he instituted a ukase for creating special commissions, composed <bb>>ofb>bb>> high officials and private personages who should prepare reforms in various branches <bb>>ofb>bb>> the administration.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> (Aleksandr) <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> Nikolaevitch (Russian:Александр <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> Николаевич) (April 17, 1818, Moscow–March 13, 1881) was the Emperor (Czar) <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia from March 2, 1855 until his assassination.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia (1979 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>

<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> became Tsar <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia on the death <bb>>ofb>bb>> his father in 1855.
In 1861 <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> issued his Emancipation Manifesto that proposed 17 legislative acts that would free the serfs in Russia.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>'s reforms did not satisfy liberals and radicals who wanted a parliamentary democracy and the freedom <bb>>ofb>bb>> expression that was enjoyed in the United States and most other European states.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSalexander2.htm (2034 words)



SparkNotes: The Russian Revolution (1917–1918): A Century <bb>>ofb>bb>> Unrest

<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> actually considered the idea <bb>>ofb>bb>> a constitution, and indeed granted one to Poland, but never made up his mind about creating one for Russia.
Any chance for Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> to regain his standing was soon lost, as Russia was rocked by a long series <bb>>ofb>bb>> disasters, scandals, and political failures.
In 1861, Tsar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, Nicholas I’s eldest son and successor, formally abolished serfdom, freeing Russia’s serfs from indenture to landowners.

http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/russianrev/section1.html (1596 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>

The village communes (Mir) were the autonomous village communities prescribed by law already during Nicholas I. In the year <bb>>ofb>bb>> 1864 <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> instituted the law that divided Russia into administrative districts (Zemstvos) governed by municipal commissioners.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> started a new period <bb>>ofb>bb>> enormous reforming efforts, as the industrial development that began already during Peter I reign continued steadily.
This meant that 23 million peasants were liberated, which was the key in <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> reforms.

http://www.gavle.to/~t.hallqvist/english7.html (505 words)



Powell's Books - <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>: The Last Great Tsar by Edvard Radzinsky

<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> freed 23 million Russian slaves, reformed the justice system and the army, and very nearly became the father <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia's first constitution and the man who led that nation into a new era <bb>>ofb>bb>> western-style liberalism.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>'s life proves the timeless lesson that in Russia, it is dangerous to start reforms, but even more dangerous to stop them.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> was Russia's Lincoln, and the greatest reformer tsar since Peter the Great.

http://www.powells.com/biblio/62-074327332x-0 (593 words)



Russian Lacquer Box - <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>

Just a couple years later, in 1861 (two years before Lincoln freed the slaves in America), <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> signed an emanicipation manifesto which abolished serfdom in Russia once and for all.
Judges were no longer pawns <bb>>ofb>bb>> the administration, trials were held publically, and a new class <bb>>ofb>bb>> lawyers in Russia was created.
Despite internal strife near the end <bb>>ofb>bb>> his reign that led to his assassination in 1881, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> could well be considered the greatest Russian leader <bb>>ofb>bb>> the 19th century.

http://www.lacquerbox.com/TSAL2.HTM (877 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> on Encyclopedia.com

Prussia's support <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia during this diplomatic crisis led to a Russo-Prussian rapprochement, and in 1872 the Three Emperors' League was formed by Russia, Prussia, and Austria-Hungary.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>ALEXANDERb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> [<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>] 1818-81, czar <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia (1855-81), son and successor <bb>>ofb>bb>> Nicholas I.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>ALEXANDERb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> NEMENOV Agence France Presse 06-07-2005 A picture taken 07 June 2005 shows the statue <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russian Tzar AlexanderII, who was well known for his reforms, near Christ theceremony <bb>>ofb>bb>> the monument on Tuesday 07 June.

http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/A/Alexand2R1us.asp (1048 words)



Czar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>

The tragedy <bb>>ofb>bb>> <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>'s violent death was compounded by the failure <bb>>ofb>bb>> his successor, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III, to implement this progressive act, thereby ending the moderate reforms that might have helped Russia avoid the revolutions <bb>>ofb>bb>> the 20th century.
Even so, a personal conviction that Russia had to modernize may have been at least as important.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> succeeded his father, Nicholas I, on Feb. 19, 1855, during the dark days <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Crimean war.

http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/hornton/890/AlexanderII.html (269 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> Czar <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia biography

While not a liberal, or an idealist like the first <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, he represented the intelligent thought <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia and believed that a transformation was needed to place it in the first rank among nations.
On succeeding to the throne during the Crimean War (March 2, 1855), he assured the foreign ambassadors that he would adhere to the policy <bb>>ofb>bb>> his uncle (<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> I) and his father, but his desire was for an honorable peace.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> had not been in sympathy with the reactionary course <bb>>ofb>bb>> his father.

http://www.dromo.info/alexanderiibio.htm (975 words)



Who had the biggest Impact on Russia – <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> or <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III?

This meant that <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> not only had a big impact but a long term impact on Russia.
Policies involving countries under Russian rule and reactions toward Jews changed dramatically under both <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> and <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III ruling and thus had a impact upon Russia itself and how the people felt and reacted to the Tsar's ruling.
However, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III did rid the government <bb>>ofb>bb>> all liberal ministers after his fathers death.

http://www.coursework.info/i/26.html (557 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

He was born the eldest son <bb>>ofb>bb>> Nicholas I <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia and Charlotte <bb>>ofb>bb>> Prussia, daughter <bb>>ofb>bb>> Frederick William III <bb>>ofb>bb>> Prussia and Louise <bb>>ofb>bb>> Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> resolved to try the effect <bb>>ofb>bb>> some moderate liberal reforms in an attempt to quell the revolutionary agitation, and for this purpose he caused an ukase to be prepared creating special commissions, composed <bb>>ofb>bb>> high officials and private personages who should prepare reforms in various branches <bb>>ofb>bb>> the administration.
Insofar as he had any decided political convictions, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> seemed to be imbued with the reactionary spirit predominant in Europe at the time <bb>>ofb>bb>> his birth, and which continued in Russia to the end <bb>>ofb>bb>> his father's reign.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Tsar_Alexander_II (557 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> Alexandrovich Romanov or <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III (Russian: &; III Александрович) (March 10, 1845 – November 1, 1894) was the Tsar <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia from March 14, 1881 until his death on November 1, 1894.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> was the second son <bb>>ofb>bb>> <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> and Marie <bb>>ofb>bb>> Hesse and by Rhine.
In the last years <bb>>ofb>bb>> his reign, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> had been much exercised by the spread <bb>>ofb>bb>> Nihilist doctrines and the increasing number <bb>>ofb>bb>> anarchist conspiracies, and for some time he had hesitated between strengthening the hands <bb>>ofb>bb>> the executive and making concessions to the widespread political aspirations <bb>>ofb>bb>> the educated classes.

http://www.secaucus.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Alexander_III_of_Russia (557 words)



boys clothing: European royalty--Russia Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>

Nicholas was born on the <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> Palace, as the eldest son <bb>>ofb>bb>> Tsar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III and Tsarina Maria Feodorovna, <bb>>ofb>bb>> the House <bb>>ofb>bb>> Romanov-Holstein-Gottorp, in the small town <bb>>ofb>bb>> Tsarskoe Selo ("The Tsar's Village" in Russian), near St. Petersburg.
Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, the last Russian Emperor, was the eldest son <bb>>ofb>bb>> <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III and was born on May 6, 1868.
Dagmar became engaged to the eldest son <bb>>ofb>bb>> Tsar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia, the Tsarevitch Nicholas, in the summer <bb>>ofb>bb>> 1864 during the war with Prussia and Austria.

http://histclo.com/royal/rus/royal-rus2n.htm (2988 words)



Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nicholas was born in Saint Petersburg, the eldest son <bb>>ofb>bb>> Emperor <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III and his Empress Maria Fyodorovna (born Princess Dagmar <bb>>ofb>bb>> Denmark).
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III did not approve the match, hoping instead for a marriage with a princess <bb>>ofb>bb>> the House <bb>>ofb>bb>> Orleans, to consummate Russia's newfound alliance with the French Third Republic.
At the end <bb>>ofb>bb>> the "February Revolution" <bb>>ofb>bb>> 1917 (February in the Old Russian Calendar), on 2 March (Julian Calendar)/ 15 March (Gregorian Calendar), 1917, Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> was forced to abdicate.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia (2978 words)



Encyclopedia: <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>-<<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>-<bb>>ofb>bb>>-Russia

He was born the eldest son <bb>>ofb>bb>> Nicholas I <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia and Charlotte <bb>>ofb>bb>> Prussia, daughter <bb>>ofb>bb>> Frederick William III <bb>>ofb>bb>> Prussia and Louise <bb>>ofb>bb>> Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> resolved to try the effect <bb>>ofb>bb>> some moderate liberal reforms in an attempt to quell the revolutionary agitation, and for this purpose he caused an ukase to be prepared creating special commissions, composed <bb>>ofb>bb>> high officials and private personages who should prepare reforms in various branches <bb>>ofb>bb>> the administration.
Fortunately for Russia the autocratic power was now in the hands <bb>>ofb>bb>> a man who was impressionable enough to be deeply influenced by the spirit <bb>>ofb>bb>> the time, and who had sufficient prudence and practicality to prevent his being carried away by the prevailing excitement into the dangerous region <bb>>ofb>bb>> utopian dreaming.

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Alexander_II_of_Russia (4957 words)



MSN Encarta - <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> (<bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia)

After establishing committees to study the need for reform, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> abolished serfdom throughout Russia in 1861.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> (<bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia) (1818-1881), emperor <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia (1855-1881), son <bb>>ofb>bb>> Emperor Nicholas I and nephew <bb>>ofb>bb>> <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> I. He ascended the throne during the Crimean War and in 1856 signed the Treaty <bb>>ofb>bb>> Paris, which brought the hostilities to an end.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> was assassinated by a bomb thrown into his carriage by a member <bb>>ofb>bb>> a revolutionary group, the Narodnaya Volya (People's Will).

http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552177/Alexander_II_(of_Russia).html (233 words)



boys clothing: European royalty--Russia Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>

Dagmar became engaged to the eldest son <bb>>ofb>bb>> Tsar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia, the Tsarevitch Nicholas, in the summer <bb>>ofb>bb>> 1864 during the war with Prussia and Austria.
Nicholas was born on the <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> Palace, as the eldest son <bb>>ofb>bb>> Tsar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III and Tsarina Maria Feodorovna, <bb>>ofb>bb>> the House <bb>>ofb>bb>> Romanov-Holstein-Gottorp, in the small town <bb>>ofb>bb>> Tsarskoe Selo ("The Tsar's Village" in Russian), near St. Petersburg.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> was a mountain <bb>>ofb>bb>> a man and renowed throughout Russia for his strength and vigor.<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III died on October 20, 1894, in Livadia, Crimea, and was buried in the Cathedral <bb>>ofb>bb>> the St. Peter and St. Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg.

http://histclo.hispeed.com/royal/rus/royal-rus2n.htm (2875 words)



Encyclopedia: Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia

<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III did not approve the match, hoping instead for a marriage with a princess <bb>>ofb>bb>> the House <bb>>ofb>bb>> Orleans, to consummate Russia's newfound alliance with the French Third Republic.
At the end <bb>>ofb>bb>> the "February Revolution" <bb>>ofb>bb>> 1917 (February in the old Russian calendar), on 2 March (Julian Calendar)/ 15 March (Gregorian Calendar), 1917, Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> was forced to abdicate.
Witte, unable to grasp the seemingly insurmountable problems <bb>>ofb>bb>> reforming Russia and the monarchy wrote to Nicholas on 14 April 1906 resigning his office.

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Nicholas-II-of-Russia (6421 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>

<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> became Tsar <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia on the death <bb>>ofb>bb>> his father in 1855.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>'s reforms did not satisfy liberals and radicals who wanted a parliamentary democracy and the freedom <bb>>ofb>bb>> expression that was enjoyed in the United States and most other European states.
(5) Vera Figner was involved in the planning <bb>>ofb>bb>> the assassination <bb>>ofb>bb>> <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSalexander2.htm (6421 words)



Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

At the end <bb>>ofb>bb>> the "February Revolution" <bb>>ofb>bb>> 1917 (February in the old Russian calendar), on 2 March (Julian Calendar)/ 15 March (Gregorian Calendar), 1917, Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> was forced to abdicate.
Witte, unable to grasp the seemingly insurmountable problems <bb>>ofb>bb>> reforming Russia and the monarchy wrote to Nicholas on 14 April 1906 resigning his office.
Following the assassination <bb>>ofb>bb>> Archduke Franz Ferdinand <bb>>ofb>bb>> Austria by Gavrilo Princip, a member <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Serb nationalist association known as the Black Hand, in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, Nicholas vacillated as to Russia's course.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia (2121 words)



Tsar-martyr

The death <bb>>ofb>bb>> Tsar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III, the marriage <bb>>ofb>bb>> Nicholas and his coronation.
inally, on March 3, 1917, isolated from his family, bereft <bb>>ofb>bb>> friends, Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, the Anointed Tsar <bb>>ofb>bb>> the last Christian Empire, abdicated the throne, pushed to this decision against his better judgment by his faithless advisors.
From 13-16 August 2000, the Synod <bb>>ofb>bb>> Bishops <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Russian Orthodox Church in Moscow, Russia, gave it's approval or blessings for the glorification, and canonization for Emperor Tsar Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, Empress Alexandra, Grand Duke Tsarevich Alexis, Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Marie, and Anastasia.

http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/nicholas_ii_e.htm (19721 words)



Russian <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, czar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia, tsar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia, Russian <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> russia, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> russia, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> reforms, zar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> on RussiansAbroad.com

Russian <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, czar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia, tsar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia, Russian <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> russia, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> russia, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> reforms, zar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> on RussiansAbroad.com
Tsar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, who succeeded Nicholas I in 1855, was a conservative who saw no alternative but to implement change.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III assigned his former tutor, the reactionary Konstantin Pobedonostsev, to be the procurator <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Holy Synod <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Orthodox Church and Ivan Delyanov to be the minister <bb>>ofb>bb>> education.

http://www.russiansabroad.com/russian_history_38.html (1003 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> on Encyclopedia.com

Prussia's support <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia during this diplomatic crisis led to a Russo-Prussian rapprochement, and in 1872 the Three Emperors' League was formed by Russia, Prussia, and Austria-Hungary.
He was succeeded by his son <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III.
Throughout his reign <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> promoted vigorous expansion in the East.

http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/A/Alexand2R1us.asp (883 words)



AllRefer.com - Russia - Foreign Affairs after the Crimean War - The Rise <bb>>ofb>bb>> Revolutionary Movements Russian Information Resource

Russia's primary goal during the first phase <bb>>ofb>bb>> <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>'s foreign policy was to alter the Treaty <bb>>ofb>bb>> Paris to regain naval access to the Bl ack Sea.
Russia's nationalist di plomats and generals persuaded <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> to force the Ottomans to sign the Treaty <bb>>ofb>bb>> San Stefano in March 1878, creating an enlarged, independent Bulgaria that stretched into the southwestern Balkans.
This orientation became stronger three years later, when the group renamed itself the People's Will (Narodnaya volya), the name under which the radicals were responsible for the assassination <bb>>ofb>bb>> <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> in 1881.

http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/russia/russia25.html (1583 words)



czar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> russia

Considered Russia's last true autocrat, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III was the epitome <bb>>ofb>bb>> what a Russian Tsar was supposed to be.
Czar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> I: Czar <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> I, the emperor <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia from 1801-1825, was best known for his alternately befriending, then fighting Napoleon I. In the &;
Napoleon 1812, by Nigel Nicolson (Harper & Row, 192 pp., $16.95) The War <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Two Emperors: The Duel between Napoleon and <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>: Russia, 1812, by......(Continue Reading)

http://www.fbcjoy.com/czar-alexander-of-russia.html (1583 words)



First World War.com - Who's Who - Tsar Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>

Nicholas succeeded his father's throne, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> III, when the later died from liver disease on 20 October 1894.
Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> was persuaded to abdicate on 15 March 1917 under the recommendation <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Russian Army High Command.
Tsar Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> (1868-1918) - Russia's last emperor- was born on 18 May 1868 in Tsarskoe Selo.

http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/nicholasii.htm (857 words)



The <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> Palace Time Machine Bios - Catherine the Great

Catherine planned to bypass Paul and leave her crown to his first son and her favorite grandson, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>.
Figchen's mother, Joanna, was the sister <bb>>ofb>bb>> Karl August, who had been engaged to Elizabeth I <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia before she took the throne.
Catherine conceived and bore a son, Paul, who was accepted by Peter as his own.

http://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/catherine.html (1174 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> (Russia) Tsar <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia Csar <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia Questia.com Online Library

Conclusion When <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> became Tsar in 1855, the Russian state...1855 Nicholas I dies, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> becomes...Books on <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> and reform...
...Revolutionists 19 CHAPTER <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> The Revolutionary Movement during...the War and to the Reconstruction <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia 327 CHAPTER VIII...in which the best representatives <bb>>ofb>bb>>...
Tsar and Serf 70 <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> 70 The Russian peasant at mid-century...once a year and in every church until the reign <bb>>ofb>bb>> <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, publicly and emphatically...

http://www.questia.com/library/history/european-history/russia/tsarist-russia/alexander-ii-russia.jsp (747 words)



RIA Novosti - Russia - Tsar Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>'s execution politically motivated - lawyer

On Monday, Romanov Family Association spokesman <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> Zakatov confirmed that the Prosecutor General's Office had rejected a request from Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna, who heads the Romanov association, to clear Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> all political charges brought against him by the Bolsheviks.
"Nicholas <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> and members <bb>>ofb>bb>> his family were subjected to repression exclusively for political reasons," German Lukyanov said, commenting on the recent refusal by the Prosecutor General's Office to recognize the last Russian monarch as a victim <bb>>ofb>bb>> political repression.
MOSCOW, February 21 (RIA Novosti) - A lawyer for the Romanov Family Association said Tuesday that the execution by the Bolsheviks <bb>>ofb>bb>> Russia's last tsar and his immediate family was politically motivated, and insisted that they should be fully exonerated.

http://en.rian.ru/russia/20060221/43678649.html (448 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>>

<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> Eldest son <bb>>ofb>bb>> Emperor Nicholas I, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> was born in Moscow on April 17, 1818, and came to the throne on February 19, 1855, after the death <bb>>ofb>bb>> his father.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> was buried in the Cathedral <bb>>ofb>bb>> the St. Peter and St.
After his accession to the throne, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Alexanderb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>IIb>bb>>bb>bb>>> implemented important reforms, notably the abolition <bb>>ofb>bb>> serfdom, as well as changes in national, military and municipal organization.

http://www2.sptimes.com/Treasures/TC.2.3.17.html (448 words)

Topic: <b>Alexander</b> II <b>of</b> <b>Russia<

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