1977 Soviet Constitution<

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BBC NEWS World Europe Country profiles Timeline: <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union

<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>- Brezhnev elected president under new constitution.
1924 - <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union adopts constitution based on the dictatorship of the proletariat and stipulating the public ownership of land and the means of production; Lenin dies and is replaced by Joseph Stalin.
1990 - <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> troops sent to Azerbaijan following inter-ethnic killings between Armenians and Azeris; Communist Party votes to end one-party rule; Gorbachev opposes independence of Baltic states and imposes sanctions on Lithuania; Yeltsin elected president of the Russian <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Federative Socialist Republic by the latter's parliament and leaves the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Communist Party.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1112551.stm



Encyclopedia article on <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union [EncycloZine]

According to the most recent <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution of <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union theoretically was a federal state consisting of fifteen republics joined together in a voluntary union and the government had a federal structure ( see Constitution of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union).
The highest government legislative body was the Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>>.
The <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union became a member of the United Nations at its foundation in 1945.

http://encyclozine.com/Soviet_Union



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

On October 7, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, the Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> unanimously adopted the fourth and last <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution, also known as the "Brezhnev" Constitution.
Unlike bourgeois democratic constitutions, the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution placed limitations on political rights, whereas in bourgeois democratic countries these limitations are usually left up to the federal legislative or judicial systems, or state constitutions and their corresponding executive, legislative and judicial systems.
Other enabling legislation has included a law on citizenship, a law on elections to the Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>>, a law on the status of Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> deputies, regulations for the Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>>, a resolution on commissions, regulations on local government, and laws on the Supreme Court and the Procuracy.

http://www.northmiami.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/1977_Soviet_Constitution



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

At the Seventh (Special) Session of the Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> of the USSR Ninth Convocation on October 7, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, the fourth and last <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution, also known as the "Brezhnev" Constitution, was unanimously adopted.
Unlike bourgeois democratic constitutions, the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution placed limitations on political rights, whereas in bourgeois democratic countries these limitations are usually left up to the federal legislative or judicial systems, or state constitutions and their corresponding executive, legislative and judicial systems.
Article 1 defined the USSR as a socialist state, like did all previous constitutions:"The Union of <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Socialist Republics is a socialist state of the whole people, expressing the will and interests of the workers, peasants, and intelligentsia, the working people of all the nations and nationalities of the country".

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Soviet_Constitution (1151 words)



Communist party, in Russia and the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001

The party gained a legal monopoly in the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> constitution of <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> (other parties had been banned since 1921), but otherwise the period was one of stagnation after the failure of Khrushchev& reforms.
In what was seen as a pragmatic alliance, the parties supporting with President Putin joined in coalition with the Communists in the Duma, but in Apr., 2002, that alliance collapsed, and most Communist party members were stripped of their leadership positions in the Duma.
While party debates in the party congresses of the 1920s were stormy and intraparty democracy was still evident, by the 16th party congress (1929) Stalin established virtual supremacy.

http://www.bartleby.com/65/co/CommunisUSSR.html (1151 words)



Anthems of 15 Union republics

Later, the population in different republics grew unevenly and the listing in the Constitution became no longer properly sorted by population, but it was kept unaltered in the <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> Constitution.
The anthems appear on the CD in the same order in which the Union republics are listed in the Constitution of the USSR (see Chapter 8, Article 71).
All of the former SSRs (<bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Socialist Republics) are represented, along with the famous USSR anthem which was banished for a time under Boris Yeltsin but now (with new lyrics) lives again as the anthem of the Russian Federation.

http://www.vad1.com/anthems/15-union-republics (1151 words)



Republics of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Under the constitution adopted in 1936 and modified along the way until October <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, the political foundation of the
In addition, liberalization led to fractures within the party hierarchy which reduced <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> control over the republics.
An attempt to declare the Polish <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Socialist Republic was made during the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> assault in the Polish-<bb>>Sovietb>bb>> War of 1919-1922, by the Polish Provisional Revolutionary Committee headed by Julian Marchlewski in Bialystok.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_socialist_republic (1151 words)



<bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union

According to the most recent <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution of <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union theoretically was a federal state consisting of fifteen republics joined together in a voluntary union and the government had a federal structure (see Constitution of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union).
The highest government legislative body was the Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>>.
Growing tensions between the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union and the United States, its former wartime ally and the other superpower, led to the Cold War.

http://www.wikiverse.org/soviet-union (1151 words)



Communist party, in Russia and the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05

The party gained a legal monopoly in the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> constitution of <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> (other parties had been banned since 1921), but otherwise the period was one of stagnation after the failure of Khrushchev& reforms.
While party debates in the party congresses of the 1920s were stormy and intraparty democracy was still evident, by the 16th party congress (1929) Stalin established virtual supremacy.
The second party congress (1903) in Brussels and London split into factions of Bolshevism and Menshevism.

http://www.bartleby.com/65/co/CommunisUSSR.html (1182 words)



Encyclopedia article on <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union [EncycloZine]

According to the most recent <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution of <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union theoretically was a federal state consisting of fifteen republics joined together in a voluntary union and the government had a federal structure ( see Constitution of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union).
The highest government legislative body was the Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>>.
The <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union became a member of the United Nations at its foundation in 1945.

http://encyclozine.com/Soviet_Union (1182 words)



Constitution (fundamental law) of the Union of <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Socialist Republics (in VSCCAT)

Constitution (fundamental law) of the Union of <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Socialist Republics: adopted at the Seventh (Special) Session of the Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> of the USSR, ninth convocation, on October 7, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>.
Constitution (fundamental law) of the Union of <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Socialist Republics
Constitution (fundamental law) of the Union of <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Socialist Republics (in VSCCAT)

http://scolar.vsc.edu/VSCCAT/AAJ-5687 (1182 words)



Republics of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Under the constitution adopted in 1936 and modified along the way until October <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, the political foundation of the
In addition, liberalization led to fractures within the party hierarchy which reduced <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> control over the republics.
<bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union was formed by the Soviets (Councils) of People's Deputies.

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Socialist_Republics (1182 words)



MSN Encarta - Union of <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Socialist Republics

Article 36 of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> constitution of <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> enshrined citizens’ right to use their mother tongues “and the languages of the other peoples of the USSR.” In fact, the Russian language was advantaged, though not to the exclusion of others.
The <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union had no official state language, but Russian was the preferred language of government and economics, the sole language of military command, and the medium of communication within the CPSU.
In 1918 they took over all private and parochial schools and colleges, abolished fees, and determined that all children ages 8 to 15 were to attend school full time.

http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553017_2/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics.html (1736 words)



POSC 432/632

Robert Sharlet, "The New <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution of <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>," in Hoffmann and Laird, eds., The <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Polity in the Modern Era, pp.
The <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution (the "Brezhnev Constitution"), Pravda or Izvestiya, October 8, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, or Current Digest of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Press (CDSP), <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, no. 41, pp.
A suggested text, which concentrates on the last years of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> regime is Alfred J. Rieber and Alvin Z. Rubinstein, eds., Perestroika at the Crossroads (1991).

http://www.udel.edu/poscir/yby/PSOV-syllabus.html (1428 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

At the Seventh (Special) Session of the Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> of the USSR Ninth Convocation on October 7, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, the fourth and last <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution, also known as the "Brezhnev" Constitution, was unanimously adopted.
Nevertheless, the <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> Constitution attempted to avoid frequent amendment by establishing regulations for government bodies in separate, but equally authoritative, enabling legislation, such as the Law on the Council of Ministers of July 5, 1978.
Unlike bourgeois democratic constitutions, the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution placed limitations on political rights, whereas in bourgeois democratic countries these limitations are usually left up to the federal legislative or judicial systems, or state constitutions and their corresponding executive, legislative and judicial systems.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Soviet_Constitution (1168 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

At the Seventh (Special) Session of the Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> of the USSR Ninth Convocation on October 7, 1977, the fourth and last <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution, also known as the "Brezhnev" Constitution, was unanimously adopted.
Unlike bourgeois democratic constitutions, the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution placed limitations on political rights, whereas in bourgeois democratic countries these limitations are usually left up to the federal legislative or judicial systems, or state constitutions and their corresponding executive, legislative and judicial systems.
Nevertheless, the <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> Constitution attempted to avoid frequent amendment by establishing regulations for government bodies in separate, but equally authoritative, enabling legislation, such as the Law on the Council of Ministers of July 5, 1978.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Soviet_Constitution (1168 words)



ipedia.com: Constitution of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union Article

The <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union was governed by four separate constitutions in the course of its existence: 1918 <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution 1924 <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution 1936 <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution The pol...
<bb>>Sovietb>bb>> constitutions appeared to guarantee certain political rights, such as freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion.
Finally, <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> constitutions specified the form and content of state symbols, such as the arms, the flag, and the state anthem.

http://www.ipedia.com/constitution_of_the_soviet_union.html (378 words)



ipedia.com: Constitution of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union Article

The <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union was governed by four separate constitutions in the course of its existence: 1918 <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution 1924 <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution 1936 <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution The pol...
<bb>>Sovietb>bb>> constitutions appeared to guarantee certain political rights, such as freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion.
Finally, <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> constitutions specified the form and content of state symbols, such as the arms, the flag, and the state anthem.

http://www.ipedia.com/constitution_of_the_soviet_union.html (378 words)



USSR: Government, Defense

The party was described in the <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> constitution as the "leading and guiding force of <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> society and the nucleus of its political system, of all state organizations and public organizations." Its reach extended into all branches of government, nearly all sectors of the economy, and foreign as well as domestic policymaking.
The last <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> constitution, which was adopted on October 7, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, changed little if anything in the 1936 constitution, but added material about individual rights and responsibilities and the world mission of Communist ideology.
The Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> was divided into two 271-member councils: the Council of the Union, apportioned by population, and the Council of Nationalities, which provided equal representation for the constituent republics and autonomous regions.

http://members.aol.com/kwiersma/ussr_govern.html (2192 words)



Encyclopedia: Mengistu Haile Mariam

Mengistu Haile Mariam (born 1937) was the head of state of Ethiopia from <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> to 1991.
On September 10, 1987, Mengistu became a civilian president under a new constitution, and the country was renamed the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
Mengistu's years in office were marked by a totalitarian-style government and the country's massive militarization, financed by the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union and the Eastern Bloc, and assisted by Cuba.

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Mengistu-Haile-Mariam (2192 words)



Russia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05

Administratively, the Federation has relied on regional divisions inherited from the Stalin and Brezhnev constitutions of 1936 and <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>.
The current constitution of the Russian Federation was approved in Dec., 1993; it replaced the constitution that the country had inherited from the RSFSR and subsequently amended.
The head of state is a popularly elected president whose powers were substantially increased under the new constitution.

http://www.bartleby.com/65/ru/Russia.html (6604 words)



Bashkortostan: Opposition Denounces Dictatorship At Moscow Protest

So the split of USSR in 1991 after failed anti-Gorbachev coup into 15 independent countries was perfectly constitutional according to <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution.
Kyrgyzstan and 14 other Union republics of USSR simply used an Article 72 of the <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution (aka.
Article 70 The Union of <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Socialist Republics is an integral, federal, multinational state formed on the principle of socialist federalism as a result of the free self-determination of nations and the voluntary association of equal <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Socialist Republics.

http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1380026/posts (2040 words)



<bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union

Main article: Politics of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union According to the most recent <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution of <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union theoretically was a federal state consisting of fifteen republics joined together in a voluntary union and the government had a federal structure (see Constitution of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union).
Russia was by far the largest Republic in the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union, dominating in nearly all respects: land area, population, economic output, and political influence.
As the Russian republic's Boris Yeltsin eclipsed <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> leader Mikhail Gorbachev in power, the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union was peacefully dissolved in December 1991.

http://www.aseannewsnetwork.com/articles/content/s/so/soviet_union.html (1875 words)



<bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

According to the <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution, the government had a federal structure, permitting the republics some authority over policy implementation and offering the national minorities the appearance of participation in the management of their own affairs.
The <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union was established in December 1922 as the union of the Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Transcaucasian <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> republics ruled by Bolshevik parties.
By <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> historiography, revolutionary activity in Russia began with the Decembrist Revolt of 1825, and although serfdom was abolished in 1861, its abolition was achieved on terms unfavorable to the peasants and served to encourage revolutionaries.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSR (1875 words)



Construction details of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> flags

The colour plate (on whose backside is printed the <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>/w construction sheet) is said to have been published by decree of the Preasidium of the Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> on 1980.08.15, although the preambulum of the Constitution (whose section VIII deals with the arms, flag, anthem and capital of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union), was approved on <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>.10.07.
Reverse side of the <bb>>sovietb>bb>> flag (at least since <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>) was plain red.
The flag was approved in 1923 and finally settled in 1924; the shape of the hammer and sickle was slightly corrected and exactly prescribed in 1955.

http://areciboweb.50megs.com/fotw/flags/su'.html (682 words)



Construction details of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> flags

The colour plate (on whose backside is printed the <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>/w construction sheet) is said to have been published by decree of the Preasidium of the Supreme <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> on 1980.08.15, although the preambulum of the Constitution (whose section VIII deals with the arms, flag, anthem and capital of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union), was approved on <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>.10.07.
Reverse side of the <bb>>sovietb>bb>> flag (at least since <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>) was plain red.
The flag was approved in 1923 and finally settled in 1924; the shape of the hammer and sickle was slightly corrected and exactly prescribed in 1955.

http://fotw.fivestarflags.com/su%27.html (682 words)



Encyclopedia article on <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union [EncycloZine]

According to the <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution, the government had a federal structure, permitting the republics some authority over policy implementation and offering the national minorities the appearance of participation in the management of their own affairs.
The <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union was established in December 1922 as the union of the Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian, and Transcaucasian <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> republics ruled by Bolshevik parties.
In contrast to the revolutionary spirit that accompanied the birth of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union, the prevailing mood of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> leadership at the time of Brezhnev's death in 1982 was one of aversion to change.

http://encyclozine.com/Soviet_Union (682 words)



Union of <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Socialist Republics: The Brezhnev Era

A new “Brezhnev” constitution was promulgated in 1977, but differed little from the preceding Stalin constitution.
In 1966 the position of first secretary of the CPSU again was called general secretary (as it had been until 1952), and the presidium of the supreme soviet reverted to the name politburo (short for political bureau).
During the Brezhnev era leading writers, scientists, and intellectuals protested certain aspects of Soviet life, especially curbs on the free flow of ideas, corruption in government, and inefficiency.

http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0861697.html (1513 words)



<bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union biography .ms

According to the most recent <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution of <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union theoretically was a federal state consisting of fifteen republics joined together in a voluntary union and the government had a federal structure (see Constitution of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union).
As the Russian republic's Boris Yeltsin eclipsed <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> leader Mikhail Gorbachev in power, the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union was peacefully dissolved in December 1991.
The February and October Revolutions (see also Russian Revolution) were followed by a period of civil war, in which the Russian Socialist Federated <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Republic (RSFSR) and other Bolshevik led states came to control most of the former Russian Empire.

http://soviet-union.biography.ms (1997 words)



<bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union article - <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union Russian tr. Eurasia 1922 1991 <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Socialist Republics Russia - What-Means.com

According to the most recent <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Constitution of <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>1977b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>, the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union theoretically was a federal state consisting of fifteen republics joined together in a voluntary union and the government had a federal structure (see Constitution of the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union).
Russia was by far the largest Republic in the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union, dominating in nearly all respects: land area, population, economic output, and political influence.
As the Russian republic's Boris Yeltsin eclipsed <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> leader Mikhail Gorbachev in power, the <bb>>Sovietb>bb>> Union was peacefully dissolved in December 1991.

http://www.what-means.com/encyclopedia/Soviet_Union (1753 words)

Topic: <b>1977</b> <b>Soviet</b> <b>Constitution<

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